内毒素对离体大鼠肠系膜动脉降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）释放的作用

我们以前的工作表明,动物内毒素血症和失血性休克以及人的败血症时血浆ＣＧＲＰ含量明显增多,它的主要来源之一是血管。本实验的目的是探讨是否内毒素可直接使离体大鼠肠系膜动脉床含ＣＧＲＰ的外周神经释放ＣＧＲＰ增加。结果显示内毒素（１０－１００μｐ／ｍｌ）灌流引起ＣＧＲＰ时间和剂量依赖性的释放,内毒素（５０μｐ／ｍｌ）灌注后１０－１５ｍｉｎ时,ＣＧＲＰ释放达高峰,该时释放量为基础状态时的２０倍。经反相高压液相分析证明,ＣＧＲＰ免疫活性的峰位与人工合成大鼠ＣＧＲＰ标准品的峰位吻合。以辣椒素（感觉神经选择性毒剂）预灌流或钌红（钙致细胞内钙池释放阻断剂）均可使上述内毒素引起的ＣＧＲＰ释放分别抑制９０％和６５％。在灌流液无钙时内毒素致ＣＧＲＰ释放的作用被抑制８０％。以上结果提示：内毒素可直接引起ＣＧＲＰ从大鼠肠系膜动脉床释放,来源主要为辣椒素敏感的感觉神经。释放依赖于细胞外钙离子的存在以及Ｃａ~（２＋）进入神经细胞后引起的对钌红敏感的细胞内钙池Ｃａ~（２＋）动员。     

BRACHIOPOD FAUNA OF THE NANPANJIANG LIMESTONE OF EASTERN YUNNAN AND ITS GEOLOGICAL AGE

The Nanpanjiang Limestone of eastern Yunnan has long been known as one of theimportant Devonian beds in South China.It was first proposed by Prof.Y.C.Sun in1943,and tentatively included in the upper member of the Miaokaoshan formation ofEarly Devonian age with Gypidula pseudogleata Hall as a leading fossil.Since thenmost geologists and palaeontologists have followed Sun's assignment,while few othershave held it to be Early Middle Devonian.At the type locality near Poshi districtalong the Nanpanjiang Valley the Nanpanjiang Limestone is composed of yellowish-greyor dark grey limestone with an approximate thickness of 40—70 meters,and is overlainby the Bothriolepis-bearing beds of Lunghuashan formation.     

Ancient DNA analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Panicum miliaceum</Emphasis> (broomcorn millet) from a Bronze Age cemetery in Xinjiang,China

Panicum miliaceum L. (broomcorn millet) was an important cereal for Eurasian populations in prehistory. It was first domesticated in China and spread westwards into Central Asia and Europe later on. However, the domestication history and dispersal routes of this cereal are still not clear. The well desiccated P. miliaceum grains recovered from Xiaohe cemetery, a Bronze Age cemetery in Xinjiang, China, provide us with an invaluable opportunity to further explore this issue, especially considering Xinjiang’s critical geographical position at the crossroads of contact between the West and East. Here we present an analysis of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and external transcribed spacer (ETS) sequences of P. miliaceum remains excavated from Xiaohe cemetery in comparison to modern landraces. The results show that the Xiaohe P. miliaceum exhibits heterogeneous characteristics in its rDNA, which are also commonly found in modern landraces. However, no exact sequence matching the Xiaohe millet was found in modern landraces so far, possibly suggesting the loss of genetic diversity through time. The most similar sequences are mainly present in landraces from India and Europe. Based on the genetic data of modern landraces and archaeological findings, we discuss the domestication of P. miliaceum and the possible prehistoric connections between northern China, Xinjiang and Europe in agricultural practices, as well as the potential routes westwards of P. miliaceum.     

芦竹的组培快繁技术研究

该研究以从匈牙利引进的良种芦竹带腋芽茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,通过设计不同的生长调节剂配比,对芦竹腋芽诱导、继代增殖及生根培养基进行了研究。结果表明:良种芦竹初代诱导最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 4.0 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖30.0 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1),萌发率为90.0%;继代增殖最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 8.0 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.8 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖30.0 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1),芽健壮均匀,增殖系数为4.3/30 d,基部保留3~5个芽作为继代培养物增殖效果最佳;选择高度5.0 cm以上的植株进行生根,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖20.0 g·L~(-1)+活性碳1.0 g·L~(-1),不添加琼脂,培养1周生根率为100.0%,平均生根4条,根长2.0~4.0 cm;将所得生根苗炼苗1周,以河沙、黄泥或腐质土作为栽培基质,移栽于阴蔽度70的大棚中,1个月后移栽成活率≥98.0%;移栽于实验田中,按常规方式进行管理,当年亩产量约为5 500.0 kg。该研究结果为良种芦竹的大规模产业化应用提供了技术支撑。     

白蘑科一新种和一新记录种

本文报道产自吉林省敦化县的白蘑科(Tricholomataceae)亚侧耳属(Hofienbuehelia)一新种：巨囊亚侧耳(H. ingentimetuloidea X．He)和玫耳属(新拟)(Rhodotus)一中国新记录种：掌状玫耳(R. palmatus (Bull.：Fr.) Maire],实际上,玫耳属本身在中国也是一个新记录属。     

竺山湾湖泊缓冲带湿地生态系统EWE模型构建与分析

湖泊缓冲带在湖泊流域空间布局中具有特殊地位,缓冲带内的湿地对于保障流域生态健康和湖泊水环境质量具有十分重要的意义.本研究以太湖竺山湾湖泊缓冲带内的竺山湖湿地生态系统为研究对象,将生物组分划分为16个功能组,构建了生态通道(EWE)模型,并分析了生态系统的特征、状态以及功能组之间的相互关系.结果表明: 竺山湖湿地生态系统的有效营养级范围在1~3.72,营养流动主要发生在前4个营养级,开始于沉水植物和有机碎屑的食物链较多.湿地生态系统的总的能量转换效率为5.1%,并未达到“1/10定律”,说明当前的能量转换效率较低.物质流量在生态系统中的平均传输效率为4.3%.系统的总生产量为2496.66 t·km^-2·a^-1,总流量为10145.2 t·km^-2·a^-1.生态系统的多种特征参数表明当前生态系统处于幼态化阶段.     

Confirmation of Single-Locus Sex Determination and Female Heterogamety in Willow Based on Linkage Analysis

In this study, we constructed high-density genetic maps of Salix suchowensis and mapped the gender locus with an F₁ pedigree. Genetic maps were separately constructed for the maternal and paternal parents by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and the pseudo-testcross strategy. The maternal map consisted of 20 linkage groups that spanned a genetic distance of 2333.3 cM; whereas the paternal map contained 21 linkage groups that covered 2260 cM. Based on the established genetic maps, it was found that the gender of willow was determined by a single locus on linkage group LG_03, and the female was the heterogametic gender. Aligned with mapped SSR markers, linkage group LG_03 was found to be associated with chromosome XV in willow. It is noteworthy that marker density in the vicinity of the gender locus was significantly higher than that expected by chance alone, which indicates severe recombination suppression around the gender locus. In conclusion, this study confirmed the findings on the single-locus sex determination and female heterogamety in willow. It also provided additional evidence that validated the previous studies, which found that different autosomes evolved into sex chromosomes between the sister genera of Salix (willow) and Populus (poplar).     

Quantitative Acetylomics Reveals Dynamics of Protein Lysine Acetylation in Mouse Livers During Aging and Upon the Treatment of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

Lysine acetylation is a reversible and dynamic post-translational modification that plays vital roles in regulating multiple cellular processes including aging. However, acetylome-wide analysis in the aging process remains poorly studied in mammalian tissues. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺), a hub metabolite, benefits health span at least in part due to the activation of Sirtuins, a family of NAD⁺-consuming deacetylases, indicating changes in acetylome. Here, we combine two antibodies for the enrichment of acetylated peptides and perform label-free quantitative acetylomic analysis of mouse livers during natural aging and upon the treatment of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a NAD⁺ booster. Our study describes previously unknown acetylation sites and reveals the acetylome-wide dynamics with age as well as upon the treatment of NMN. We discover protein acetylation events as potential aging biomarkers. We demonstrate that the life-beneficial effect of NMN could be partially reflected by the changes in age-related protein acetylation. Our quantitative assessment indicates that NMN has mild effects on acetylation sites previously reported as substrates of Sirtuins. Collectively, our data analyze protein acetylation with age, laying critical foundation for the functional study of protein post-translational modification essential for healthy aging and perhaps disease conditions.     

春季长江口及其邻近海域鱼类浮游生物群落特征

根据1999年5月和2001年5月长江口及其邻近海域的鱼类浮游生物和环境调查资料,应用双向指示种分析（TWINSPAN）和典范对应分析（CCA）方法探讨了长江口及其邻近海 域鱼类浮游生物的群落特征.结果表明：采获的11 540 个鱼类浮游生物隶属11目18科32种,其中凤鲚、鳀、六丝矛尾鰕虎鱼、白氏银汉鱼、松江鲈为优势种,占总丰度的92.49％. TWINSPAN分类将鱼类浮游生物群落划分为3个类群：1）以凤鲚为优势种的河口群组;2）以 松江鲈和白氏银汉鱼为优势种的沿岸群组;3）以鳀和六丝矛尾鰕虎鱼为优势种的近海群组.CCA排序给出了各群组与环境因子的相互关系,表明影响这一海域鱼类浮游生物分布的主 要环境因子为盐度、深度、溶解氧和悬浮物.