A dual reporter cell assay for identifying serotype and drug susceptibility of herpes simplex virus

A dual reporter cell assay (DRCA) that allows real-time detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection was developed. This was achieved by stable transfection of cells with an expression cassette that contains the dual reporter genes, secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), under the control of an HSV early gene promoter. Baby hamster kidney (BHK) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were used as parental cell lines because the former is permissive for both HSV serotypes, HSV-1 and HSV-2, whereas the latter is susceptible to infection only by HSV-2. The DRCA permitted differential detection of HSV-1 and HSV-2 by observation of EGFP-positive cells, as substantiated by screening a total of 35 samples. The BHK-based cell line is sensitive to a viral titer as low as a single plaque-forming unit with a robust assay window as measured by a chemiluminescent assay. Evaluations of the DRCA with representative acyclovir-sensitive and acyclovir-resistant HSV strains demonstrated that their drug susceptibilities were accurately determined by a 48-h format. In summary, this novel DRCA is a useful means for serotyping of HSV in real time as well as a rapid screening method for determining anti-HSV susceptibilities.     

棘孢木霉（Trichoderma asperellum）几丁质酶基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

几丁质酶作为木霉菌防治植物病虫害的主要因子,在生物防治和环境保护等领域发挥着重要的作用.为了研究棘孢木霉（Trichoderma asperellum）的生防机制并获得与其相关的功能基因,本研究通过RT-PCR、3′-RACE及5′-TAIL- PCR技术克隆了T. asperellum 1个几丁质酶基因Tachi1,对该基因进行了生物信息学分析,并利用毕赤酵母表达系统进行表达验证. Tachi1的DNA序列长1 635 bp,含有3个内含子,包含1 275 bp的开放阅读框,编码424个氨基酸;Tachi1属于糖基水解酶18家族内切几丁质酶,包含SIGGW底物结合位点和FDGIDXDWE活性中心位点,信号肽长度为22个氨基酸,成熟肽分子量为44 kD,二级结构以α-螺旋 、β-折叠和无规则卷曲为结构元件,三级结构为(α/β)8的圆桶形结构. 转Tachi1基因酵母工程菌可高效分泌表达几丁质酶Tachi1,甲醇诱导培养8 d几丁质酶酶活可达9.25 U/mL.     

产异戊二烯重组大肠杆菌发酵培养基的系列优化

目的:以重组大肠杆菌YJM23为试材菌株,进行培养基优化提高异戊二烯产量。方法:利用Design expert软件中Placket-Burman设计法对影响供试菌株生产异戊二烯的8个因素进行了筛选;用最陡爬坡实验及基于中心组合设计的响应面分析法对三因素最佳水平及交互作用进行了研究。结果:确定了牛肉膏(P,0.0313)、微量元素混合液(P,0.0360)和K2HPO4.3H2O(P,0.0340)为影响摇瓶生产异戊二烯的主要因素;并确定这三种成分的最佳使用浓度:牛肉膏7.7 g/L,微量元素混合液0.1 ml/L,K2HPO4.3H2O 10.09 g/L,该三种成分的两两交互作用不显著。结论:优化条件下异戊二烯产量从140.16 mg/L提升至935.02 mg/L,提高6.67倍。     

Clonal Expansion of Both Modern and Ancient Genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Southern Taiwan

We present the first comprehensive analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in the Kaohsiung region of southern Taiwan. The major spoligotypes found in the 224 isolates studied were Beijing lineages (n = 97; 43.3%), EAI lineages (n = 72; 32.1%) and Haarlem lineages (n = 18; 8.0%). By 24 MIRU-VNTR typing, 174 patterns were identified, including 24 clusters of 74 isolates and 150 unique patterns. The combination of spoligotyping and 12-MIRU-VNTR revealed that 129 (57.6%) of the 224 isolates were clustered in 18 genotypes. Moreover, 63.6% (7/11) of infected persons younger than 30 years had a Beijing strain, which could suggest recent spread among younger persons by this family of TB strains in Kaohsiung. Among the 94 Beijing family (SIT1, SIT250 and SIT1674) isolates further analyzed for SNPs by mass spectrometry, the most frequent strain found was ST10 (n = 49; 52%), followed by ST22 (n = 17; 18%) and ST19 (n = 11; 12%). Among the EAI-Manila family isolates analyzed by region deletion-based subtyping, the most frequent strain found was RD type 1 (n = 63; 87.5%), followed by RD type 2 (n = 9; 12.5%). In our previous study, the proportion of modern Beijing strains (52.5%) in northern Taiwan was significantly higher than the proportion of EAI strains (11%). In contrast, in the present study, EAI strains comprised up to 32% of Beijing strains in southern Taiwan. In conclusion, both ‘modern’ (Beijing) and ‘ancient’ (EAI) M. tuberculosis strains are prevalent in the Kaohsiung region, perhaps suggesting that both strains are somehow more adapted to southern Taiwan. It will be interesting to investigate the dynamics of the lineage composition by different selection pressures.     

纤溶酶产生菌中华根霉12~#的诱变选育

以产纤溶酶菌中华根霉12~#为出发菌株,以SDS为抗性因子,紫外线为诱变剂,通过液体发酵的方式筛选高产菌株。共得到48株SDS抗性突变株,命名为LH-系列。经过筛选,得到了1株遗传稳定、酶活力提高了120%左右的高产菌株LH-45,以及2株具有潜在高产能力的突变株LH-15和LH-28。     

抗炎药能抑制内毒素休克大鼠血浆CGRP浓度的升高

本实验观察了消炎痛、布洛芬、纳洛酮和吗啡治疗对清醒大鼠注射内毒素5 mg/kg 3 h血浆 CGRP 浓度的影响。结果表明,消炎痛、布洛芬和纳洛酮均明显地抑制休克时血浆CGRP 的升高,同时还明显地减轻休克时的肠道损伤;而吗啡治疗则无明显影响。本实验结果提示:体内炎症介质之一的前列腺素可能是引起内毒素休克时 CGRP 释放增加的重要内源性因子。     

花粉管通道法介导的铁皮石斛转基因技术

该研究以含有GFP和GUS基因的质粒和农杆菌为载体,采用花粉管通道法对铁皮石斛进行转基因技术研究。结果表明:(1)铁皮石斛种子萌发和原球茎生长对卡那霉素的最低致死浓度分别为90和150 mg·L~(-1)。进一步研究证实,在筛选转化种子和原球茎时,可分别向培养基中添加100和150 mg·L~(-1)的卡那霉素进行选择培养。(2)以携带GFP和GUS基因的质粒(pSuper1300和pBI121)和农杆菌为载体,用无菌去离子水重悬质粒pSuper1300和pBI121至浓度为100 ng·μL~(-1),用2%蔗糖+1/2MS+0.1%silwet-77+0.1%AS或5%蔗糖+0.1%silwet-77+0.1 mmol·L~(-1)AS重悬携带质粒pSuper1300和pBI121的农杆菌至菌液浓度为OD_(600)=0.7~0.8;在授粉后0.5~2.5 h内使用柱头滴加法导入携带外源基因的质粒或农杆菌溶液,收集成熟的转化种子,经选择培养及PCR检测发现,几乎所有处理的转化材料均能检测出外源GFP和GUS基因片段。另外,与农杆菌相比,以质粒为载体进行转化,可获得更高的结实率。该研究结果为铁皮石斛的基因工程育种提供了参考。     

机体内环境理化因素对降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）释放的影响

我们以前的工作表明在内毒素和失血性休克时ＣＧＲＰ释放入血循环。本实验在离体大鼠肠系膜动脉床灌流的模型上,发现低ｐＨ、高乳酸、高氯化钠和高蔗糖溶液均能直接引起ＣＧＲＰ释放增加,进一步应用辣椒素预灌流,ＣＧＲＰ释放的作用被抑制,同时ＣＧＲＰ释放可以被一种钙引起的细胞内钙池释放阻断剂钌红所抑制,而且应用无钙的低ｐＨ,高乳酸及高渗液就不能引起ＣＧＲＰ释放增多,实验结果提示：上述理化因子导致ＣＧＲＰ从大鼠肠     

On the temporal inconsistencies of Linnean taxonomic ranks

The inconsistency problem in systematics refers in part to the fact that disparate taxa of identical Linnean rank are not necessarily similar or even readily comparable in any other specifiable biological feature. This shortcoming led to a ‘temporal banding’ proposal in which extant clades associated with particular taxonomic ranks would be standardized according to a universal metric: the absolute time of evolutionary origin. However, one underexplored possibility is that same‐level taxa in disparate organismal groups already might be similar (fortuitously so) in evolutionary age. In the present study, we explicitly address this possibility by reviewing published molecular inferences about the known or suspected origination dates of taxonomic genera, families, and orders in diverse organismal groups. Our findings empirically confirm that currently recognized taxa are far from temporally standardized, thereby adding support for the contention that this kind of taxonomic inconsistency should ultimately be rectified in our biological classifications. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 102 , 707–714.     

非天然氨基酸N-保护的D-(L-)4-吡啶丙氨酸的合成研究

合成了非天然氨基酸N 保护的D (L ) 4 吡啶丙氨酸 ,其结构分别通过旋光度、核磁共振、红外、元素分析得到确证。