斜纹夜幼虫对食物中重金属Ni2+的积累与排泄

为明确食物中重金属离子在昆虫体内的分布和转移情况,本文采用等离子体原子发射光谱仪检测了植食性昆虫斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura Fabricius连续3个世代6龄幼虫对食物中过量Ni²⁺的排泄和积累情况。结果表明：大部分Ni²⁺可通过粪便排出体外;沉积在体内的Ni²⁺主要积累在中肠,部分Ni²⁺可通过中肠上皮细胞基底膜进入血淋巴,经由血淋巴的转运作用积累在脂肪体和表皮等组织中。6龄幼虫不同组织中所积累Ni²⁺的含量为中肠>脂肪体>表皮,且不同组织和粪便中的Ni²⁺都随饲料中Ni²⁺浓度的增加而增加,并存在显著的剂量-反应关系。研究结果可为进一步研究过量Ni²⁺对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的生长发育和繁殖的影响,以及斜纹夜蛾幼虫不同组织对Ni²⁺的解毒能力等提供一定依据。     

高等动物细胞核膜和核纤层结构、功能及动态变化调控机制

细胞核是真核细胞中最大的细胞器．高等动物细胞核主要由双层核膜、核孔复合体、核纤层、染色质和核仁等组成．在细胞有丝分裂期,细胞核呈现去装配和再装配等动态变化．在细胞分裂间期,核膜、核孔复合体和核纤层构成细胞核的外周结构,为遗传物质在染色质和核仁中的代谢提供了一个相对稳定的环境,同时调控细胞核内外的物质转运,在细胞增殖、分化、个体发育和细胞衰老等许多方面发挥着重要作用．本文主要对高等动物细胞核膜和核纤层结构、功能及动态变化调控机制等方面的研究进展进行简要综述．     

一种新型H5N1禽流感病毒血凝素抗原快速检测试剂的建立

利用5株广谱特异性抗H5亚型血凝素单克隆抗体和酶联免疫渗滤技术成功地建立了一种适于现场检测H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白的抗原快速检测试剂H5-HA(Ag)Dot-ELISA。该试剂对41株代表当前亚洲地区流行的各种遗传变异亚系H5N1禽流感病毒检测均为阳性,对多数毒株的分析灵敏度优于0.1个血凝滴度(HA titer),其中部分优于0.01个血凝滴度;比较该试剂与早期开发的同类ELISA试剂,发现前者对后者未能检出的H5N1新变异株检测均为阳性;利用该试剂和商品化Directigen Flu A(BD)试剂检测两株H5N1病毒株,提示前者灵敏度高于后者;该试剂对一株H5N1病毒的检测灵敏度与标准RT-PCR相当;该试剂对24株非H5亚型病毒检测均为阴性,显示出良好特异性。以上结果提示,此研究建立的H5N1病毒抗原快速检测试剂在H5禽流感现场检测上具有较好的应用前景。     

冬虫夏草菌实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

以冬虫夏草单子囊孢子分离得到的菌株TZ8-1的3种菌丝形态为实验材料,提取RNA,经反转录获取cDNA,选择了 11个持家基因为候选内参基因(18SrRNA、APRTase、β-TUB、RPL2、EF1-α、PGI、PGM、H+-ATPase、ACT1、UBQ和GAPDH),根据该菌基因组注释结果来设计引物,采用实时荧...     

不同苗龄沙地柏抗旱生理特性比较研究

以相同来源的1、3、5年生沙地柏幼苗为材料,采用室内生长池人工控水模拟不同干旱胁迫条件,对10个抗旱相关生理指标进行考察,探讨沙地柏苗龄对其抗旱特性影响。结果表明:（1）沙地柏叶片的保水力、细胞膜透性、RuBP羧化酶活性在胁迫前不同苗龄间差异显著,而叶片相对水分亏缺、气孔导度等指标不同龄苗间差异不显著。（2）在干旱胁迫条件下,随土壤含水量的降低,不同苗龄沙地柏的叶片水分亏缺、气孔导度差异一直不显著,而其净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用率、胞间CO₂浓度在6.78%土壤水分含量时出现显著差异;当土壤水分含量降低到4.52%时,不同苗龄的叶片光量子效率也出现显著差异。（3）各苗龄组随着干旱胁迫的加剧,5年生沙地柏净光合速率、RuBP羧化酶活性、光量子效率显著低于1年生沙地柏,而其胞间CO₂浓度显著高于1、3年生沙地柏,并且其气孔导度、蒸腾速率随土壤水分含量降低而下降的幅度最大,水分利用率增加幅度比1、3年生的更多。研究表明,不同苗龄沙地柏幼苗抗旱性指标对干旱胁迫的响应程度存在差异,抗旱指标对苗龄的稳定性不同;干旱胁迫条件下低苗龄沙地柏比高苗龄的生长势更强,更有生命活力,但高苗龄沙地柏对水分胁迫的适应能力强于低苗龄;另外,在进行抗旱鉴定时,试验苗木年龄最好一致,抗旱鉴定指标选取也需考虑其对材料年龄的敏感性及稳定性。     

分子生物学教材中的真核生物基因组重复序列

现行的高校分子生物学教材中主要以重复频率为依据对重复序列进行分类,对于小卫星DNA及微卫星DNA是属于高度或是中度重复序列存在不同见解。提出依据重复频率及空间结构分布两个方面对重复序列进行分类,并建议按照重复频率将小卫星DNA及微卫星DNA归属于中度重复序列。     

TXNIP Deficiency Exacerbates Endotoxic Shock via the Induction of Excessive Nitric Oxide Synthesis

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has multiple functions, including tumor suppression and involvement in cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, its role in the inflammatory process remains unclear. In this report, we demonstrate that Txnip^−/− mice are significantly more susceptible to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock. In response to LPS, Txnip^−/− macrophages produced significantly higher levels of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and an iNOS inhibitor rescued Txnip^−/− mice from endotoxic shock-induced death, demonstrating that NO is a major factor in TXNIP-mediated endotoxic shock. This susceptibility phenotype of Txnip^−/− mice occurred despite reduced IL-1β secretion due to increased S-nitrosylation of NLRP3 compared to wild-type controls. Taken together, these data demonstrate that TXNIP is a novel molecule that links NO synthesis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during endotoxic shock.     

用鞘磷脂作为标志分子鉴定脂筏

脂筏是质膜双层中富含鞘脂、胆固醇及特殊蛋白质的质膜微区.对其功能的研究,首先要对其进行分离和鉴定.常利用密度梯度超速离心将其分离,然后以脂筏中富含的神经节苷脂GM₁作为标志分子,利用荧光或生物素标记的霍乱毒素-B亚基进行亲和标记来鉴定脂筏.但这一鉴定方法操作复杂、费时、易对环境造成污染,所用关键试剂霍乱毒素不易获得,再加上一些组织GM₁含量甚微或不含GM₁,使其应用受到局限.为建立一个特异性高又对各种组织广泛适应的脂筏鉴定方法.对两种细胞系脂筏的脂类组分进行了分析.结果发现,可用鞘磷脂作为脂筏的特异性标志分子,采用高效薄层层析技术对脂筏进行鉴定.     

Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Jumonji AT-rich Interactive Domain 1B (JARID1B) Histone Demethylase by a Sensitive High Throughput Screen

JARID1B (also known as KDM5B or PLU1) is a member of the JARID1 family of histone lysine demethylases responsible for the demethylation of trimethylated lysine 27 in histone H3 (H3K4me3), a mark for actively transcribed genes. JARID1B is overexpressed in several cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. In addition, JARID1B is required for mammary tumor formation in syngeneic or xenograft mouse models. JARID1B-expressing melanoma cells are associated with increased self-renewal character. Therefore, JARID1B represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. Here we characterized JARID1B using a homogeneous luminescence-based demethylase assay. We then conducted a high throughput screen of over 15,000 small molecules to identify inhibitors of JARID1B. From this screen, we identified several known JmjC histone demethylase inhibitors, including 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and catechols. More importantly, we identified several novel inhibitors, including 2-4(4-methylphenyl)-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (PBIT), which inhibits JARID1B with an IC₅₀ of about 3 μm in vitro. Consistent with this, PBIT treatment inhibited removal of H3K4me3 by JARID1B in cells. Furthermore, this compound inhibited proliferation of cells expressing higher levels of JARID1B. These results suggest that this novel small molecule inhibitor is a lead compound that can be further optimized for cancer therapy.