A long range restriction map of the distal human X chromosome short arm around the steroid sulfatase locus.

The distal short arm of the human X chromosome is of interest because it contains genes which escape X chromosome inactivation and because it is subject to frequent deletions in human patients. The steroid sulfatase gene has been particularly well studied as an example of a gene which escapes X inactivation and which is included in a number of these deletion events. For these reasons a physical map of the region around the STS gene would be of interest. We have constructed a rare cutting enzyme map of this area and have determined the position of several nearby markers with respect to STS. We have also oriented the 5' and 3' ends of the STS gene on this map and have determined the centromeric and telomeric portions of the region. Finally, we have shown that this map can be used to locate deletion breakpoints in STS deficient patients.     

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of the genome of Streptomyces ambofaciens strains

The genome of four Streptomyces ambofaciens strains from different geographical origins (ATCC15154, DSM40697, ETH9247 and ETH 11317) was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The PFGE technique has allowed the study of the extrachromosomal content of these strains and the characterization of their genomic DNA by restriction analyses. Electrophoretic migration of undigested DNA allowed us to detect a 80 kb-length linear molecule with concatemeric forms in S. ambofaciens ATCC15154. These extrachromosomal molecules were shown to be homologous to the circular plasmid pSAM1 (80 kb) suggesting that pSAM1 could exist not only in circular form but also in linear form. In the same way a 45 kb-length linear molecule was detected in S. ambofaciens ETH9427 and ETH11317. In contrast, no extrachromosomal DNA could be detected in S. ambofaciens DSM40697. The analysis of the macrorestriction patterns using the rate-cutting enzymes AseI and DraI indicated a close relationship between the DSM- and ETH- strains. Indeed, three types of restriction patterns were distinguished: while S. ambofaciens ETH9427 and ETH11317 were characterized by the same pattern and share more than 75% of comigrating fragments with the strain DSM40697, S. ambofaciens ATCC15154 exhibited a restriction pattern different from the other three. The total genome sizes of S. ambofaciens ATCC15154, DSM40697, ETH9427 and ETH11317 were estimated to be about 6500, 8000, 8200 and 8200 kb, respectively.     

传入C纤维的兴奋在中电针“足三里”激活中缝大核中的作用

The purpose of the present work is to study whether the analgesia of "Zusanli" EA was mainly produced by its noxious effect. The antidromic C waves on N. peroneus communis innervating the area of "Zusanli" point were recorded. When "Zusanli" point was stimulated by trains of stimuli, the amplitude of the antidromic C wave was obviously decreased due to collision with the orthodromic stimulation. It was suggested that EA of "Zusanli" could excite some C fibers. It was observed that when the stimulation intensity reached the threshold of C fiber, the NRM neurons were obviously activated, and when it reached or exceeded the intensity for producing the maximal C wave, the NRM neurons were highly activated. Therefore, EA analgesia is probably produced mainly by its noxious stimulus component, especially carried by C fibers, via a negative feedback mechanism in modulating pain.     

左旋四氢巴马汀加强电针对兔大脑皮层牙髓诱发电位的...

Cortical potentials evoked by stimulation of the contralateral tooth-pulp were recorded epidurally from the SI cortex of rabbits anesthetized with urethane and chloralose. It was found that nociceptive components of the evoked potential consisted of P1 and P2 wavelets with a relative stable peak latency of 22.5 +/- 1.2 ms and 66.1 +/- 1.9 ms respectively. Higher intensity of tooth pulp stimulation was required for appearance of P2 than P1. Diazepam, a non-analgesic sedative, reduced P1 but not P2 amplitude. On the contrary, dolantin, an analgesic, suppressed P2 but showed no significant influence on P1. The results suggest that P2, but not P1 might be related to pain. The effects of l-tetrahydropalmatine (1-THP) and electroacupuncture on P2 were observed on 12 animals. The results showed that both iv l-THP 8mg/kg and electroacupuncture brought forth a decrease in P2 amplitude by 40.3 +/- 14% and 59.3 +/- 10% respectively, while electroacupuncture combined with l-THP produce a further decrease in P2 amplitude by 92.8 +/- 7%. Furthermore, the inhibitory periods of P2 amplitude were significantly prolonged after electroacupuncture combined with l-THP. The results indicated that l-THP enhanced the suppression of P2 by electroacupuncture.