粤北地区的抗肿瘤药用真菌资源研究

调查和统计了粤北地区具有抗肿瘤活性的药用真菌种类。结果发现有75种药用真菌具有抗肿瘤作用,为合理开发利用该地区的药用真菌资源提供了依据。     

板蓝根热加工过程中氨基酸组分分析

利用氨基酸自动分析仪对板蓝根的新鲜植物组织和不同加工程度的板蓝根药材中的总氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量进行测定。结果表明:板蓝根的新鲜植物组织和不同加工程度的板蓝根药材氨基酸在含量上有明显差别。结论为:不同加工程度的板蓝根药材中氨基酸含量差别明显,其中碱性氨基酸含量的差别尤其显著,该差异可能是由于加工过程中发生美拉德反应造成的。     

牛磺酸对乳鼠心肌细胞内钙浓度的影响

研究低氧、复氧对乳鼠心肌细胞内钙离子浓度的影响,以及牛磺酸在模拟心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)过程中对细胞内钙的调节作用。采用SD大鼠乳鼠进行心肌细胞培养,建立模拟I/R模型。以Fluo-4/AM荧光指示剂负载,应用激光共聚焦显微镜技术(confocal laser scanning microscope,CLSM)检测心肌细胞钙离子浓度的变化。对照组心肌细胞内钙离子荧光强度(23.71±2.37U)较低;低氧180 min后复氧即刻,钙离子荧光强度开始增加(57.52±8.31U),复氧180 min后钙离子荧光强度(71.13±4.74U)显著增高(P<0.01vs对照组)。而牛磺酸组细胞内钙离子荧光强度较模拟I/R组显著降低[(42.42±4.17U)vs(71.13±4.74U),P<0.01]。心肌细胞缺血/缺氧导致Ca2+超载;模拟I/R Ca2+超载加剧,而牛磺酸有明显减轻心肌细胞模拟I/R时Ca2+超载的作用。     

白蚁生物多样性及其对生态环境变化的指示作用

白蚁是热带和亚热带生态系统最主要的无脊椎动物分解者,具有十分重要的生态作用,但因长期缺乏标准化取样方法,白蚁生物多样性研究及其在生态管理中的应用受到限制。本文回顾了白蚁生物多样性及其对环境变化响应的研究进展,概述了白蚁功能分类的现状,介绍了白蚁多样性取样方法的发展,分析了白蚁多样性对生态环境的差异、人为干扰的响应及其生态指示作用,以期为白蚁生物多样性的深入研究及其在生态管理中的应用提供思路与方向。     

Expression of a Catalytically Inactive Mutant Form of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) Confers a Dominant-negative Effect in Male Fertility

The selenoenzyme Gpx4 is essential for early embryogenesis and cell viability for its unique function to prevent phospholipid oxidation. Recently, the cytosolic form of Gpx4 was identified as an upstream regulator of a novel form of non-apoptotic cell death, called ferroptosis, whereas the mitochondrial isoform of Gpx4 was previously shown to be crucial for male fertility. Here, we generated and analyzed mice with a targeted mutation of the active site selenocysteine of Gpx4 (Gpx4_U46S). Mice homozygous for Gpx4_U46S died at the same embryonic stage (E7.5) as Gpx4^−/− embryos as expected. Surprisingly, male mice heterozygous for Gpx4_U46S presented subfertility. Subfertility was manifested in a reduced number of litters from heterozygous breeding and an impairment of spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes in vitro. Morphologically, sperm isolated from heterozygous Gpx4_U46S mice revealed many structural abnormalities particularly in the spermatozoa midpiece due to improper oxidation and polymerization of sperm capsular proteins and malformation of the mitochondrial capsule surrounding and stabilizing sperm mitochondria. These findings are reminiscent of sperm isolated from selenium-deprived rodents or from mice specifically lacking mitochondrial Gpx4. Due to a strongly facilitated incorporation of Ser in the polypeptide chain as compared with selenocysteine at the UGA codon, expression of the catalytically inactive Gpx4_U46S was found to be strongly increased. Because the stability of the mitochondrial capsule of mature spermatozoa depends on the moonlighting function of Gpx4 both as an enzyme oxidizing capsular protein thiols and as a structural protein, tightly controlled expression of functional Gpx4 emerges as a key for full male fertility.     

奥沙利铂周围神经毒性模型大鼠行为学检测方法的比较

目的进行两种大鼠机械性痛觉敏感性测量方法、两种冷刺激缩足反应测量方法的比较研究。方法雌性Wistar大鼠,腹腔注射奥沙利铂4 mg/kg,建立标准奥沙利铂周围神经毒性大鼠模型。检测机械和冷热温度刺激下大鼠行为学变化,并对不同行为学检测方法的特点进行比较分析。结果模型组大鼠较正常组相比50%缩足阈明显降低(P0.05)、出现痛觉过敏及痛觉超敏(P0.05)、冷刺激诱发的缩足次数增多(P0.05),两组大鼠对热痛刺激反应均无明显差异,与临床患者症状表现基本一致。结论 Von Frey纤维丝刺激检测中4 g和15 g方法可更好的模拟临床患者的痛觉过敏、超敏反应;up-down法客观量化的反应出大鼠缩足阈值下降的程度。冷温度刺激中,丙酮喷洒法可较直观的观察大鼠受到冷刺激后的反应。     

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus intraradices) on the oviposition of rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)

Root-feeding insects are important drivers in ecosystems, and links between aboveground oviposition preference and belowground larval performance have been suggested. The root-colonizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a central role in plant nutrition and are known to change host quality for root-feeding insects. However, it is not known if and how AMF affect the aboveground oviposition of insects whose offspring feed on roots. According to the preference–performance hypothesis, insect herbivores oviposit on plants that will maximize offspring performance. In a greenhouse experiment with rice (Oryza sativa), we investigated the effects of AMF (Glomus intraradices) on aboveground oviposition of rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), the larvae of which feed belowground on the roots. Oviposition (i.e., the numbers of eggs laid by weevil females in leaf sheaths) was enhanced when the plants were colonized by AMF. However, the leaf area consumed by adult weevils was not affected. Although AMF reduced plant biomass, it increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus concentrations in leaves and N in roots. The results suggest that rice water weevil females are able to discriminate plants for oviposition depending on their mycorrhizal status. The discrimination is probably related to AMF-mediated changes in plant quality, i.e., the females choose to oviposit more on plants with higher nutrient concentrations to potentially optimize offspring performance. AMF-mediated change in plant host choice for chewing insect oviposition is a novel aspect of below- and aboveground interactions.     

江西吉安乌鸫的繁殖生态研究

2009～2010年对江西省吉安地区乌鸫Turdus merula的繁殖进行了调查研究,结果表明:当地乌鸫的营巢时间在3月9日至16日,产卵时间是3月18日至26日,平均窝卵数5.14(4～6)枚(n=14),平均卵大小29.71 mm×21.16 mm,平均卵重6.63 g(n=71).孵卵和暖巢主要由雌鸟承担,但雄鸟也有暖巢行为,孵化率为65.83%,育雏期13～15 d,离巢率高达100%.与高海拔的乌鸫相比,当地乌鸫产大窝小卵,这一特征保证了大窝雏数和高离巢率,繁殖对策属于r-选择.