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161.
162.
Gamma oscillations can synchronize with near zero phase lag over multiple cortical regions and between hemispheres, and between
two distal sites in hippocampal slices. How synchronization can take place over long distances in a stable manner is considered
an open question. The phase resetting curve (PRC) keeps track of how much an input advances or delays the next spike, depending
upon where in the cycle it is received. We use PRCs under the assumption of pulsatile coupling to derive existence and stability
criteria for 1:1 phase-locking that arises via bidirectional pulse coupling of two limit cycle oscillators with a conduction
delay of any duration for any 1:1 firing pattern. The coupling can be strong as long as the effect of one input dissipates
before the next input is received. We show the form that the generic synchronous and anti-phase solutions take in a system
of two identical, identically pulse-coupled oscillators with identical delays. The stability criterion has a simple form that
depends only on the slopes of the PRCs at the phases at which inputs are received and on the number of cycles required to
complete the delayed feedback loop. The number of cycles required to complete the delayed feedback loop depends upon both
the value of the delay and the firing pattern. We successfully tested the predictions of our methods on networks of model
neurons. The criteria can easily be extended to include the effect of an input on the cycle after the one in which it is received. 相似文献
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165.
Griewank KG Yu X Khalili J Sozen MM Stempke-Hale K Bernatchez C Wardell S Bastian BC Woodman SE 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》2012,25(2):182-187
The recent identification of frequent activating mutations in GNAQ or GNA11 in uveal melanoma provides an opportunity to better understand the pathogenesis of this melanoma subtype and to develop rational therapeutics to target the cellular effects mediated by these mutations. Cell lines from uveal melanoma tumors are an essential tool for these types of analyses. We report the mutation status of relevant melanoma genes, expression levels of proteins of interest, and DNA fingerprinting of a panel of uveal melanoma cell lines used in the research community. 相似文献
166.
Meysam Hashemi Anirudh N. Vattikonda Viktor Sip Sandra Diaz-Pier Alexander Peyser Huifang Wang Maxime Guye Fabrice Bartolomei Marmaduke M. Woodman Viktor K. Jirsa 《PLoS computational biology》2021,17(7)
Individualized anatomical information has been used as prior knowledge in Bayesian inference paradigms of whole-brain network models. However, the actual sensitivity to such personalized information in priors is still unknown. In this study, we introduce the use of fully Bayesian information criteria and leave-one-out cross-validation technique on the subject-specific information to assess different epileptogenicity hypotheses regarding the location of pathological brain areas based on a priori knowledge from dynamical system properties. The Bayesian Virtual Epileptic Patient (BVEP) model, which relies on the fusion of structural data of individuals, a generative model of epileptiform discharges, and a self-tuning Monte Carlo sampling algorithm, is used to infer the spatial map of epileptogenicity across different brain areas. Our results indicate that measuring the out-of-sample prediction accuracy of the BVEP model with informative priors enables reliable and efficient evaluation of potential hypotheses regarding the degree of epileptogenicity across different brain regions. In contrast, while using uninformative priors, the information criteria are unable to provide strong evidence about the epileptogenicity of brain areas. We also show that the fully Bayesian criteria correctly assess different hypotheses about both structural and functional components of whole-brain models that differ across individuals. The fully Bayesian information-theory based approach used in this study suggests a patient-specific strategy for epileptogenicity hypothesis testing in generative brain network models of epilepsy to improve surgical outcomes. 相似文献
167.
Riaz AH Tasma BE Woodman ME Wooten RM Worth RG 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》2012,65(1):78-83
Platelets are known contributors of hemostasis but have recently been shown to be important in inflammation and infectious diseases. Moreover, thrombocytopenia is often observed in patients with sepsis. We previously reported that platelets actively phagocytosed IgG-coated latex beads. In this study, the capacity of human platelets to participate in host defense against bacterial infections was determined by assessing their ability to kill Escherichia coli. Washed human platelets were incubated with unopsonized or IgG-opsonized E. coli and evaluated for binding and killing of E. coli. We found that although both unopsonized and IgG-opsonized E. coli were associated with platelets, only IgG-opsonized E. coli were efficiently killed unless platelets were activated by a potent agonist. The bactericidal activity was dependent on FcγRIIA, was sensitive to cytochalasin D, but was not due to reactive oxygen metabolites. These data suggest that platelets may play an important role in protection against infection. 相似文献
168.
Jenny Woodman Nick Freemantle Janice Allister Simon de Lusignan Ruth Gilbert Irene Petersen 《PloS one》2012,7(11)
Objectives
To determine variation over time and between practices in recording of concerns related to abuse and neglect (maltreatment) in children''s primary care records.Design
Retrospective cohort study using a United Kingdom representative primary care database.Setting
448 General Practices.Participants
In total 1,548, 972 children (<18 y) registered between 1995 and 2010.Main Outcome Measures
Change in annual incidence of one or more maltreatment-related codes per child year of registration. Variation between general practices measured as the proportion of registered children with one or more maltreatment-related codes during 3 years (2008–2010).Results
From 1995–2010, annual incidence rates of any coded maltreatment-related concerns rose by 10.8% each year (95% confidence interval 10.5, 11.2; adjusted for sex, age and deprivation). In 2010 the rate was 9.5 per 1000 child years (95%CI: 9.3, 9.8), equivalent to a prevalence of 0.8% of all registered children in 2010. Across all practices, the median prevalence of children with any maltreatment-related codes in three years (2008 to 2010) was 0.9% (range 0%–13.4%; 11 practices (2.5%) had zero children with relevant codes in the same period). Once we accounted for sex, age, and deprivation, the prevalence for each practice was within two standard errors of the grand mean.Conclusions
General Practitioners (GPs) are far from disengaged from safeguarding children; they are consistently and increasingly recording maltreatment concerns. As these results are likely to underestimate the burden of maltreatment known to primary care, there is much scope for increasing recording in primary care records with implications for resources to respond to concerns about maltreatment. Interventions and policies should build on this evidence that the average GP in the UK is engaged in child safeguarding activity. 相似文献169.
Bruno Gomes Carla A Sousa Maria T Novo Ferdinando B Freitas Ricardo Alves Ana R Côrte-Real Patrícia Salgueiro Martin J Donnelly António PG Almeida João Pinto 《BMC evolutionary biology》2009,9(1):262-15
Background
Culex pipiens L. is the most widespread mosquito vector in temperate regions. This species consists of two forms, denoted molestus and pipiens, that exhibit important behavioural and physiological differences. The evolutionary relationships and taxonomic status of these forms remain unclear. In northern European latitudes molestus and pipiens populations occupy different habitats (underground vs. aboveground), a separation that most likely promotes genetic isolation between forms. However, the same does not hold in southern Europe where both forms occur aboveground in sympatry. In these southern habitats, the extent of hybridisation and its impact on the extent of genetic divergence between forms under sympatric conditions has not been clarified. For this purpose, we have used phenotypic and genetic data to characterise Cx. pipiens collected aboveground in Portugal. Our aims were to determine levels of genetic differentiation and the degree of hybridisation between forms occurring in sympatry, and to relate these with both evolutionary and epidemiological tenets of this biological group. 相似文献170.