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91.
Bacteria were separated from raw meat homogenate by a simple three-stage process. Centrifugation (10 s at 2000 g) removed coarse particles; stirring with the cation exchange resin Bio-Rex 70 removed smaller particles and filtration through 0.22 micron membranes removed soluble materials. By this process 70-80% of the microbial populations of meat homogenates were consistently isolated on the filters. A linear relationship was found between log10 microbial ATP and log10 colony count of meat over the range 10(5)-10(9) cfu/g. The value of ATP/cfu for meat samples was within the range previously reported for pure cultures. These data indicated that ATP extracted from the filters originated from bacteria in the meat samples. Several samples can be analysed simultaneously in an elapsed time of 20-25 min. The variability associated with estimates of both colony counts and ATP levels has been determined. 相似文献
92.
Symbiotic properties of C4-dicarboxylic acid transport mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum. 总被引:26,自引:15,他引:11
The transport of succinate was studied in bacteroids of an effective, streptomycin-resistant strain (GF160) of Rhizobium leguminosarum. High levels of succinate transport occurred, and the kinetics, specificity, and sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors were similar to those previously described for free-living cells. The symbiotic properties of two transposon (Tn5)-mediated C4-dicarboxylate transport mutants (strains GF31 and GF252) were determined. Strain GF31 formed ineffective nodules, and bacteroids from these nodules showed no succinate transport activity. Strain GF252 formed partially effective nodules, and bacteroids from these nodules showed about 50% of the succinate transport activity of the parent bacteroids. Another dicarboxylic acid transport mutant (Dct-), strain GFS5, isolated after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, formed ineffective nodules. The ability to form ineffective nodules in strains GF31 and GFS5 was shown to correlate with the Dct- phenotype. The data indicate that the presence of a functional C4-dicarboxylic acid transport system is essential for N2 fixation to occur in pea nodules. 相似文献
93.
Escherichia coli mutants defective at putP and putA lack proline transport via proline porter I and proline dehydrogenase activity, respectively. They retain a proline uptake system (proline porter II) that is induced during tryptophan-limited growth and are sensitive to the toxic L-proline analog, 3,4-dehydroproline. 3,4-Dehydroproline-resistant mutants derived from a putP putA mutant lack proline porter II. Auxotrophic derivatives derived from putP+ or putP bacteria can grow if provided with proline at low concentration (25 microM); those derived from the 3,4-dehydroproline-resistant mutants require high proline for growth (2.5 mM). We conclude that E. coli, like Salmonella typhimurium, possesses a second proline porter that is inactivated by mutations at the proP locus. 相似文献
94.
Characterization of Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Characterization of the proteins and nucleic acid of the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated in Ithaca, N.Y. (LdNPV-IT) is presented. A total of 29 viral structural proteins were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis when the virus was isolated in the absence of alkaline protease activity. Fourteen surface envelope viral proteins were identified by lactoperoxidase iodination. Eleven proteins were associated with nucleocapsids prepared by Nonidet P-40 detergent treatment. Distinct alterations of viral proteins were documented when virions were purified in the presence of occlusion body-associated alkaline protease(s). Restriction enzyme digests of viral DNA indicated that this isolate was composed of a large number of genetic variants. On the basis of the major molar fragments resulting from EcoRI, BamHI, BglII, and HindIII digests, the molecular weight of the LdNPV genome was approximately 88 × 106. 相似文献
95.
96.
Buspirone produces a dose-dependent but short-lived elevation in striatal dopamine (DA) metabolites in the rat. , buspirone possesses an affinity similar to sulpiride for DA receptors (3H-spiperone). A moderate affinity for α1 receptors was also observed while buspirone was inactive at α2, β, muscarinic and serotonin2 receptors. This pharmacological profile as well as previous behavioral data indicate that buspirone may be a potential “atypical” neuroleptic. 相似文献
97.
Techniques for detecting various levels of both field and vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus in a deliberately contaminated Newcastle disease vaccine were compared using chick embryos, chick kidney cells, chick tracheal organ cultures and chickens with a view to determining the most appropriate method for screening vaccines for freedom from IBV contamination. Techniques examined included detection of abnormalities and deaths in embryos, cytopathic effect in chick kidney cells, ciliostasis in chick tracheal organ cultures and clinical signs and virus isolation in chickens as well as the fluorescent antibody test, negative contrast electron microscopy and serology where appropriate. Results showed that the techniques capable of detecting both strains of infectious bronchitis virus were, in order of sensitivity, the fluorescent antibody test on allantoic cells from infected embryos, ciliostasis and direct electron microscopy of allantoic fluid. One surprising feature was the poor results obtained using chickens. Some detection was achieved with tracheal virus isolation and tracheal organ cultures prepared from inoculated birds and to a lesser extent with histology and clinical signs, but no technique detected the field strain. 相似文献
98.
Staged transfer of a free microvascular latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap using saphenous vein grafts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The use of long vein grafts in the axilla adds a new dimension to the versatility of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. When suitable recipient vessels are not available for a microvascular anastomosis, long vein grafts can be used in the axilla to double the arc of rotation of the flap, allowing it to cover the buttocks, lower torso, and scalp (Fig. 8). A case is presented in which the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was transferred in stages to cover a large radiation ulcer of the right buttock. 相似文献
99.
Generation of asymmetry and segregation of germ-line granules in early C. elegans embryos 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Germ-line granules in C. elegans embryos (P granules) can be visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy using a monoclonal antibody. In mutant zygotes with abnormal spindle orientations and in wild-type zygotes treated with the microtubule inhibitors nocodazole, colcemid, vinblastine, and griseofulvin, both P-granule segregation to the posterior pole and the concomitant pseudocleavage occur apparently normally, but the normally concurrent migration of the pronuclei is inhibited. Conversely, treatment of wild-type embryos with the microfilament inhibitors cytochalasins D and B inhibits P-granule segregation and pseudocleavage, as well as other manifestations of polarity, without preventing pronuclear migration. The results suggest that P-granule segregation does not require either the spindle or cytoplasmic microtubules, but that this process as well as generation of other asymmetries does require cytoskeletal functions that depend on microfilaments. 相似文献
100.
Activity of lysosomal cysteine proteinase during differentiation of rat skeletal muscle. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
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Cysteine-proteinase activities were measured in extracts of pre- and post-fusion populations of rat myogenic line L6 cells and in extracts of whole rat muscle. Activities of cathepsins B, L and H were compared. The substrates used included Z-Phe-Arg-NMec (cathepsins B and L), Z-Arg-Arg-NMec (cathepsin B), and Arg-NMec (cathepsin H) (where Z = benzyloxycarbonyl, and NMec = 4-methyl-7-coumarylamide); the enzyme activities were more specifically differentiated by appropriate concentrations of the inhibitors Z-Phe-Phe-CHN2 (CHN2 = diazomethane), bestatin and E-64 [L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane]. These experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of determining the cysteine-proteinase activities of myoblasts from a single (60 mm-diameter) Petri dish, with enzyme concentrations in the range of 5-20 ng/ml. Specific activities of the enzymes in L6 cells increased 2-20-fold after fusion. Concentrations of cysteine proteinases in extracts from cultured myoblasts were two orders of magnitude greater than those in muscle-tissue extracts. Cultured-cell extracts contained endogenous inhibitor(s) to purified rat cathepsins B, L and H. 相似文献