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81.
Using Escherichia coli cell-free protein synthesis system and aminoacylated amber suppressor tRNA, we successfully inserted an unnatural amino acid S-(2-nitrobenzyl)cysteine into human erythropoietin. Three different types of translation stop suppression were observed and each of the three types was easily discerned with SDS-PAGE. Optimal conditions were established for correct stop and programmed suppressions. Since this system differentiates proteins produced by misreading of codons from those produced by programmed suppression, we conclude that this cell-free translation system that we describe in this paper will be of a great use for future investigations on translation stop processes. 相似文献
82.
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84.
Cho EJ Hwang HJ Kim SW Oh JY Baek YM Choi JW Bae SH Yun JW 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2007,75(6):1257-1265
The anti-diabetic activities of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by submerged mycelial culture of two different mushrooms,
Tremella fuciformis and Phellinus baumii, in ob/ob mice were investigated. All the animals were randomly divided into three groups with seven animals in each group: The control
group received 0.9% NaCl solution; the diabetic groups were treated with EPS from T. fuciformis (Tf EPS) and P. baumii (Pb EPS) at the level of 200 mg/kg body weight using an oral zoned daily for 52 days. The plasma glucose levels in the EPS-fed
mice were substantially reduced by about 52% (Tf EPS) and 32% (Pb EPS), respectively, as compared to control mice. The results
of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) revealed that both EPS-fed groups significantly increased the glucose disposal after
52 days of EPS treatments. Furthermore, higher food efficiency ratios and reduced blood triglyceride levels were observed
in the EPS-treated groups. Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is indeed a key regulator of
insulin action, we investigated the expression pattern of adipose tissue PPAR-γ messenger RNA (mRNA) and plasma levels of
PPAR-γ. It was revealed that PPAR-γ was significantly activated in response to EPS treatments. The results suggested that
both EPS exhibited considerable hypoglycemic effect and improved insulin sensitivity possibly through regulating PPAR-γ-mediated
lipid metabolism. Our results indicated that two mushroom-derived EPS might be developed as potential oral hypoglycemic agents
or functional foods for the management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
85.
Wiley PR Tosi P Evrard A Lovegrove A Jones HD Shewry PR 《Plant molecular biology》2007,65(1-2):125-136
Increasing its root to shoot ratio is a plant strategy for restoring water homeostasis in response to the long-term imposition
of mild water stress. In addition to its important role in diverse fundamental processes, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is involved
in root growth and development. Recent extensive characterizations of the YUCCA gene family in Arabidopsis and rice have elucidated that member’s function in a tryptophan-dependent IAA biosynthetic pathway. Through forward- and
reverse-genetics screening, we have isolated Tos17 and T-DNA insertional rice mutants in a CONSTITUTIVELY WILTED1 (COW1) gene, which encodes a new member of the YUCCA protein family. Homozygous plants with either a Tos17 or T-DNA-inserted allele of OsCOW1 exhibit phenotypes of rolled leaves, reduced leaf widths, and lower root to shoot ratios. These phenotypes are evident in
seedlings as early as 7–10 d after germination, and remain until maturity. When oscow1 seedlings are grown under low-intensity light and high relative humidity, the rolled-leaf phenotype is greatly alleviated.
For comparison, in such conditions, the transpiration rate for WT leaves decreases approx. 5- to 10-fold, implying that this
mutant trait results from wilting rather than being a morphogenic defect. Furthermore, a lower turgor potential and transpiration
rate in their mature leaves indicates that oscow1 plants are water-deficient, due to insufficient water uptake that possibly stems from that diminished root to shoot ratio.
Thus, our observations suggest that OsCOW1-mediated IAA biosynthesis plays an important role in maintaining root to shoot ratios and, in turn, affects water homeostasis
in rice. 相似文献
86.
Jo M Ahn JY Lee J Lee S Hong SW Yoo JW Kang J Dua P Lee DK Hong S Kim S 《Oligonucleotides》2011,21(2):85-91
The development of reagents with high affinity and specificity to small molecules is crucial for the high-throughput detection of chemical compounds, such as toxicants or pollutants. Aptamers are short and single-stranded (ss) oligonucleotides able to recognize target molecules with high affinity. Here, we report the selection of ssDNA aptamers that bind to Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental hormone. Using SELEX process, we isolated high affinity aptamers to BPA from a 10(15) random library of 60 mer ssDNAs. The selected aptamers bound specifically to BPA, but not to structurally similar molecules, such as Bisphenol B with one methyl group difference, or 4,4'-Bisphenol with 2 methyl groups difference. Using these aptamers, we developed an aptamer-based sol-gel biochip and detected BPA dissolved in water. This novel BPA aptamer-based detection can be further applied to the universal and high-specificity detection of small molecules. 相似文献
87.
88.
Simulation of sequential batch reactor (SBR) operation for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ho Nam Chang Ra Kyung Moon Byung Geon Park Seong-Jin Lim Dong Won Choi Woo Gi Lee Seok Lyong Song Yong Hee Ahn 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2000,23(5):513-521
Modeling of the operation of sequential batch reactor (SBR) was performed to find out optimum design parameters for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in a small-scale wastewater treatment plant. The models were set up with material balances on SBR operation and Monod kinetics. The model parameters were obtained to best fit the experimental results in a small scale SBR. The models were useful in optimizing hydraulic retention time (HRT) and successfully simulated operations of SBR in a larger scale. Especially the model predicted well the reactions occurring in the filling period as well as the effect of dilution, and evaluated the performance of SBR process under diverse operating conditions. 相似文献
89.
Cho SH You HJ Woo CH Yoo YJ Kim JH 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2004,173(1):624-631
Although cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are known to be principal inflammatory lipid mediators released from IgE-stimulated mast cells, the signaling mechanisms involved in the synthesis of cysLTs remain largely unknown. In the present study, therefore, we investigated the signaling pathway by which IgE induces cysLTs synthesis after binding to its high affinity receptor (FcepsilonRI) in RBL-2H3 mast cells. We found that IgE-induced cysLT synthesis is completely abolished in RBL-2H3(Rac-N17) cells, a stable cell line expressing Rac(N17), a dominant negative Rac1 mutant; conversely, synthesis was enhanced in cells expressing Rac(V12), a constitutively active Rac1 mutant, suggesting that Rac1 is a key mediator of IgE signaling to cysLT synthesis. Further analysis aimed at identifying mediators downstream of Rac1 revealed that pretreating cells with a protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta) inhibitor or infection with an adenoviral vector harboring a dominant negative PKC-delta mutant significantly attenuates IgE-induced ERKs phosphorylation, cytosolic phospholipase A(2) phosphorylation/translocation, and cysLT synthesis. In addition, the expression of Rac(N17) blocked PKC-delta translocation and impaired the phosphorylation of ERKs and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) otherwise elicited by IgE stimulation. Taken together these results suggest that PKC-delta also plays a critical mediatory role in the IgE signaling pathway leading to cysLT synthesis, acting downstream of Rac1. Finally, the physiological significance of PKC-delta in the IgE signaling pathway was demonstrated in an Ag (OVA)-challenged in vivo mouse model, in which induced levels of cysLTs and airway responsiveness in lung airways were significantly diminished by prior i.p. injection of a PKC-delta inhibitor. 相似文献
90.
Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Solar Cells Using Hydrophobic Antireflective Inverted Moth‐Eye Nanopatterned PDMS Films 下载免费PDF全文
Jung Woo Leem Sehwan Kim Soo Hyun Lee John A. Rogers Eunkyoung Kim Jae Su Yu 《Liver Transplantation》2014,4(8)
Poly‐dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films with 2D periodic inverted moth‐eye nanopatterns on one surface are implemented as antireflection (AR) layers on a glass substrate for efficient light capture in encapsulated organic solar cells (OSCs). The inverted moth‐eye nanopatterned PDMS (IMN PDMS) films are fabricated by a soft imprint lithographic method using conical subwavelength grating patterns formed by laser interference lithography/dry etching. Their optical characteristics, together with theoretical analysis using rigorous coupled‐wave analysis simulation, and wetting behaviors are investigated. For a period of 380 nm, IMN PDMS films laminated on glass substrates exhibit a hydrophobic surface with a water contact angle (θCA) of ≈120° and solar weighted transmittance (SWT) of ≈94.2%, both significantly higher than those (θCA≈ 36° and SWT ≈ 90.3%) of bare glass substrates. By employing IMN PDMS films with a period of 380 nm on glass substrates for OSCs, an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.19% is obtained mainly due to the increased short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 19.74 mA cm‐2 compared to the OSCs with the bare glass substrates (PCE = 5.16% and Jsc = 17.25 mA cm‐2). For the OSCs, the device stability is also studied. 相似文献