Urbanization and Identity Dissonance: A Guajiro Case

The results of this study indicate that urbanization has the effect of significantly altering the Guajiro's sense of ideal and feared identity. It was hypothesized that an attempt would be made to minimize dissonance between the ideal and the real or "true" self which the individual privately acknowledges. However, there is found to be considerable dissonance between ideal and real identities, with the latter actually including many components of feared identity. Defective socialization in the city is suggested as a possible reason for failure to achieve ideal standards.     

Feasible mechanisms for algal digestion in the king angelfish

To determine the ability of the king angelfish Holacanthus passer to digest algae, three algal species were immersed in acidic conditions similar to that found in the stomach of fish. Only one of them was not susceptible to acidic lysis; two were affected after 40 and 60 min at pH 2·0. King angelfish have an expanded region of the intestine called here the hindgut chamber (HC) containing populations of micro-organisms. Some of these micro-organisms have the capacity to grow in cellulose, agar, and alginic acid; the main components of algal cell walls. Micro-organisms grew in carboxymethylcellulose cultures under aerobic and micro-aerobic conditions. The HC is highly vascularized, which could increase absorptive efficiency of material digested in it.     

Externally attached radio transmitters do not affect the parental care behaviour of rock bass

Turning, pectoral fin and caudal fin rates and time spent on the nest of male rock bass Ambloplites rupestris , engaged in parental care, were not affected after the attachment of external radio transmitters. Reproductive success was similar between treatment and control fish. Micro external radio transmitters can be used on small fishes for studying parental care duration and post-care movement without altering their behaviour.     

Serendipity and Vision: Two Methods for Discovery Comments on Nickles

Thomas Nickles challenges my thesis that innovative discoveries can be based on deliberately chosen problems and research strategies. He suggests that all significant innovation can be seen as such only in retrospect and that its generation must be serendipitous. Here I argue in response that significant innovations can and do often arise from self conscious critical appraisal of orthodox practice combined with regulated though speculative abductive argumentation to alternative explanatory schemata. Orthodox practice is not based upon monolithic systems of belief about the subject of inquiry. Rather major domains of scientific practice often are approached from different conceptualizations that provide grounds for critical dialectic and consilient empirical information. Abductive arguments that meet appropriate conditions of likelihood, probability and analogy are an important means of justifying allocating resources to innovative practices that have yet to produce products that can rival those of established orthodoxy.     

Determination of the inorganic degradation products sulfate and sulfamate in the antiepileptic drug topiramate by capillary electrophoresis

A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been developed as an alternative method for the determination of the inorganic degradation products sulfate and sulfamate in topiramate drug product and drug substance, currently performed by ion chromatography. The anions are separated in a background electrolyte containing potassium chromate and boric acid, followed by indirect UV detection. By adding tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide to the electrolyte, analysis is performed under co-electroosmotic flow conditions. Variations in injection volumes and migration times are compensated for by use of an internal standard. The validation of the method, which was performed according to ICH guidelines (International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use) [1], comprises specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision, sensitivity and robustness. In addition, the results of an actual tablet sample analysis obtained by this CE method are statistically shown to be in close agreement with those obtained by an ion chromatographic method.