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921.
Park S Ahn IS Kwon DY Ko BS Jun WK 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2008,72(11):2815-2823
Ginseng root is known to induce anti-diabetic activity, but the key components involved are unknown. We investigated which major ginsenosides in ginseng enhanced glucose homeostasis by in vitro studies. Rb1 and Rg1 reduced the triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating PKA with increased intracellular cAMP. However, the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was enhanced by Rb1 and Rg1 via activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Rb1 and Rg1 promoted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and cell viability in Min6 cells through PKA which augmented IRS2 expression to enhance insulin/IGF-1 signaling. These results suggest that Rb1 and Rg1 improved glucose homeostasis through the activation of a PKA like glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. 相似文献
922.
Role of Arabidopsis CHL27 protein for photosynthesis, chloroplast development and gene expression profiling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bang WY Jeong IS Kim DW Im CH Ji C Hwang SM Kim SW Son YS Jeong J Shiina T Bahk JD 《Plant & cell physiology》2008,49(9):1350-1363
In Chl biosynthesis, aerobic Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (MPE) cyclase is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of protochlorophyllide a, and its membrane-bound component is known to be encoded by homologs of CHL27 in photosynthetic bacteria, green algae and plants. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis chl27-t knock-down mutant exhibits retarded growth and chloroplast developmental defects that are caused by damage to PSII reaction centers. The mutant contains a T-DNA insertion within the CHL27 promoter that dramatically reduces the CHL27 mRNA level. chl27-t mutant plants grew slowly with a pale green appearance, suggesting that they are defective in Chl biosynthesis. Chl fluorescence analysis showed significantly low photosynthetic activity in chl27-t mutants, indicating damage in their PSII reaction centers. The chl27-t mutation also conferred severe defects in chloroplast development, including the unstacking of thylakoid membranes. Microarray analysis of the chl27-t mutant showed repression of numerous nuclear genes involved in photosynthesis, including those encoding components of light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) and LHCII, and PSI and PSII, which accounts for the defects in photosynthetic activity and chloroplast development. In addition, the microarray data also revealed the significant repression of genes such as PORA and AtFRO6 for Chl biosynthesis and iron acquisition, respectively, and, furthermore, implied that there is cross-talk in the Chl biosynthetic pathway among the PORA, AtFRO6 and CHL27 proteins. 相似文献
923.
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926.
The antioxidant properties of heat-treated Hibiscus syriacus was investigated using DPPH test. The stems and the roots of Hibiscus syriacus were examined, respectively. As a result, the extracts of heat-treated Hibiscus syriacus at 100°C for 24 h were more effective than those of non-treated Hibiscus syriacus in reducing the stable free radical 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). 相似文献
927.
Carassius carp is one of the most popular freshwater fish as a source of food and aesthetic enjoyment from historical times. However,
the species status of this group is controversial owing to extreme morphological variation and various ploidy levels, and
therefore, many regional groups still remain to be reconsidered. The taxonomy of the Carassius fish in the Korean Peninsula, previously identified as C. auratus langsdorfi, has long been in doubt because several river basins were isolated from each other by the sea to such an extent that the
strong geographic structure of the population may have influenced this fish group distributed over whole peninsula. Here,
we suggest some clues to resolve the taxonomic entity of Carassius fish in South Korea using mitochondrial genetic variation in a comparison with those from nearby regions with a view to establishing
the phylogeography and genetic structure of population. We found three monophyletic phylogroups (pgA, pgB, and pgC), which
interestingly do not relate to C. auratus langsdorfi. Geographically, pgA and pgB were observed only in the westward rivers (WWRs) and southward rivers (SWRs), respectively,
except for some marginal locations between the two river groups. pgA, including the haplotypes from Weihai, northern China,
shared a common ancestry with C. gibelio. pgC may be a lineage that has been introduced, as shown by the result that it belongs to same clade as goldfish. It is likely
that pgB has undergone a distinct evolutionary process after separation from pgA and the population of northern mainland China.
Our results suggest the need of further taxonomic studies to elucidate the status of these groups and to assign an adequate
taxonomic category to each. And, therefore, pgA and pgB, regardless of taxonomic level, deserve conservation as endemic groups
in this region. 相似文献
928.
Choong Hyun Lee In Koo Hwang Ki-Yeon Yoo Jung Hoon Choi Ok Kyu Park Jae-Chul Lee Young-Gil Jeong In Se Lee Moo-Ho Won 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2009,29(5):665-672
The hippocampus is associated with learning and memory function and shows neurochemical changes in aging processes. Calbindin
D-28k (CB) binds calcium ion with a fast association rate. We examined age-related changes in CB immunoreactivity and its
protein level in the gerbil hippocampus during normal aging. In the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and CA2, CB immunoreaction
was found in some neurons in the stratum pyramidale (SP) at postnatal month 1 (PM 1). CB immunoreactivity in neurons was markedly
increased at PM 3. Thereafter, CB immunoreactivity was decreased with time: CB-immunoreactive (+) neurons were fewest at PM 24. In the CA3, a few CB+ neurons were found only in the SP at PM 1 and in the stratum radiatum at PM 18 and 24. In addition, mossy fibers were stained
with CB at PM 1. CB immunoreactivity in mossy fibers was markedly increased at PM 3, thereafter it was decreased with time.
In the dentate gyrus, many granule cells (GC) in the granule cell layer were stained with CB at PM 1. CB immunoreactivity
in GC was markedly increased at PM 3, thereafter CB immunoreactivity was decreased with time. In Western blot analysis, CB
protein level in the gerbil hippocampus was highest at PM 3, thereafter CB protein levels were decreased with time. This result
indicates that CB in the gerbil hippocampus is abundant at PM 3 and is decreased with age. 相似文献
929.
Ki-Yeon Yoo Ok Kyu Park Jiatian Yu Bingchun Yan Hua Li Choong Hyun Lee Jung Hoon Choi Dae Won Kim In Koo Hwang Moo-Ho Won 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2009,29(3):413-421
Oxidative stress is one of predisposing factors to age-related neurodegeneration in the brain. In particular, thiol-containing
groups are susceptible to oxidative stress, which induces the formation of the disulfide bond and/or hyperoxidized form of
thiol-containing proteins. We observed the protein thiol levels in the hippocampal homogenates and also investigated changes
in hyperoxidized form of peroxiredoxin (Prx–SO3) immunoreactivity and proteins levels in the gerbil hippocampal subregions during normal aging. Levels of total thiol, non-protein
thiol, and protein thiol were decreased in the hippocampal homogenates with age. At post-natal month 1 (PM 1), pyramidal and
non-pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) showed Prx–SO3 immunoreactivity. Prx–SO3 immunoreactivity in the cells was decreased by PM 12, thereafter, Prx–SO3 immunoreactivity in the cells increased again with age. In the CA2/3, Prx–SO3 immunoreactivity in pyramidal cells was not significantly changed; however, the immunoreactivity in pyramidal cells was very
low at PM 12. Prx–SO3 immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus (DG) was distinctly changed during aging. At PM 1, Prx–SO3 immunoreactivity in granule and polymorphic cells was weak and strong, respectively. The immunoreactivity in the neurons
was decreased with age, not shown in any neurons at PM 12. Thereafter, Prx–SO3 immunoreactivity increased again with age. In addition, Prx–SO3 protein level in the hippocampus was lowest at PM 12. These results suggest that thiol-containing proteins are changed during
aging and Prx–SO3 immunoreactivity was different according to cells in the hippocampal subregion during aging. 相似文献
930.
Cho H Hur HW Kim SW Kim SH Kim JH Kim YT Lee K 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2009,58(1):15-23
Purpose Inflammatory cells can both suppress and stimulate tumor growth, and the influence of inflammatory cells on clinical outcome
has been the focus of many studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the neutrophil to lymphocyte
ratio (NLR), a measure of the systemic inflammatory response, as an additional discriminative biomarker in epithelial ovarian
cancer and to determine whether it predicts survival and recurrence.
Methods We studied 192 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, 173 with benign ovarian tumors, 229 with benign gynecologic disease,
and 405 healthy controls. Serum CA125 levels and leukocyte counts according to subtypes were recorded prior to treatment in
all study subjects. In epithelial ovarian cancer, the diagnostic usefulness of NLR, in combination with CA125, was evaluated.
The correlation between NLR and overall and disease-free survival was analyzed using both univariate and multivariate analyses
adjusting for the known prognostic factors (age, stage, cell type, and grade).
Results Preoperative NLR in ovarian cancer subjects (mean 6.02) was significantly higher than that in benign ovarian tumor subjects
(mean 2.57), benign gynecologic disease subjects (mean 2.55), and healthy controls (mean 1.98) (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of NLR in detecting ovarian cancer was 66.1% (95% CI, 59.52–72.68%) and 82.7% (95%
CI, 79.02–86.38%), respectively (cutoff value: 2.60). In early stage ovarian cancer, CA125 was not elevated in 19 out of 49
patients. Seven (36.8%) of these 19 patients were NLR positive. On Cox multivariate analysis, NLR positive, stage III/IV,
and older age were independent poor prognostic factors, and being NLR positive was the most powerful predictive variable (Hazard
Ratio = 8.42 [95% CI: 1.09–64.84], P = 0.041).
Conclusions Our findings provide evidence for the association between NLR and epithelial ovarian cancer. Preoperative NLR, in combination
with CA125, may represent a simple and cost-effective method of identifying ovarian cancers, and an elevated NLR may predict
an adverse outcome in ovarian cancer. 相似文献