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141.
Lewis RS Linger LR Wolff MF Wernsman EA 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,115(2):169-178
Resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is controlled by the single dominant gene N in Nicotiana glutinosa L. This gene has been transferred to cultivated tobacco (N. tabacum L.) by interspecific hybridization and backcrossing, but has historically been associated with reduced yields and/or quality
in flue-cured tobacco breeding materials. Past researchers have suggested the role of pleiotropy and/or linkage drag effects
in this unfavorable relationship. Introduction of the cloned N gene into a TMV-susceptible tobacco genotype (cultivar ‘K326’) via plant transformation permitted investigation of the relative
importance of these possibilities. On average, yield and cash return ($ ha−1) of 14 transgenic NN lines of K326 were significantly higher relative to an isoline of K326 carrying N introduced via interspecific hybridization and backcrossing. The negative effects of tissue culture-induced genetic variation
confounded comparisons with the TMV-susceptible cultivar, K326, however. Backcrossing the original transgenic lines to non-tissue
cultured K326 removed many of these unfavorable effects, and significantly improved their performance for yield and cash return.
Comparisons of the 14 corresponding transgenic NN backcross-derived lines with K326 indicated that linkage drag is the main factor contributing to reduced yields in TMV-resistant
flue-cured tobacco germplasm. On average, these transgenic lines outyielded the conventionally-developed TMV-resistant K326
isoline by 427 kg ha−1 (P < 0.05) and generated $1,365 ha−1 more (P < 0.05). Although transgenic tobacco cultivars are currently not commercially acceptable, breeding strategies designed to
reduce the amount of N. glutinosa chromatin linked to N may increase the likelihood of developing high-yielding TMV-resistant flue-cured tobacco cultivars. 相似文献
142.
Copper and zinc as modulators of neuronal excitability in a physiologically significant concentration range 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Evidence from several areas of neuroscience has led to the notion that copper and zinc could be modulators of neuronal excitability. In order to contribute to test this idea, we characterized the changes induced by these divalent metal ions on the extracellularly recorded action potential firing rates of undissociated olfactory epithelium neurons. Our main finding is that at low concentrations, 1-100 nM for Cu(2+) and 1-50 microM for Zn(2+), they induced a concentration dependent increase in the neuronal firing rate. In contrast, at higher concentrations, 1-5 microM for Cu(2+) and 100-500 microM for Zn(2+), they decreased the firing rate. Based on these and previous results of our laboratory we propose that the biphasic effect of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) exposure on neuronal firing may be explained by the interaction of these ions with high and low affinity sites in sodium channels whose occupancy leads to activation or inhibition of the sodium current, which is consistent with the proposed modulatory role of these metal ions on neuronal excitability. 相似文献
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144.
To gain insight into the biogenesis of photosystem II (PSII) and to identify auxiliary factors required for this process, we characterized the mutant hcf173 of Arabidopsis thaliana. The mutant shows a high chlorophyll fluorescence phenotype (hcf) and is severely affected in the accumulation of PSII subunits. In vivo labeling experiments revealed a drastically decreased synthesis of the reaction center protein D1. Polysome association experiments suggest that this is primarily caused by reduced translation initiation of the corresponding psbA mRNA. Comparison of mRNA steady state levels indicated that the psbA mRNA is significantly reduced in hcf173. Furthermore, the determination of the psbA mRNA half-life revealed an impaired RNA stability. The HCF173 gene was identified by map-based cloning, and its identity was confirmed by complementation of the hcf phenotype. HCF173 encodes a protein with weak similarities to the superfamily of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases. The protein HCF173 is localized in the chloroplast, where it is mainly associated with the membrane system and is part of a higher molecular weight complex. Affinity chromatography of an HCF173 fusion protein uncovered the psbA mRNA as a component of this complex. 相似文献
145.
Mühling J Burchert D Langefeld TW Matejec R Harbach H Engel J Wolff M Welters ID Fuchs M Menges T Krüll M Hempelmann G 《Amino acids》2007,33(3):511-524
Summary. We examined the effects of DON [glutamine-analogue and inhibitor of glutamine-requiring enzymes], alanyl-glutamine (regarding
its role in neutrophil immunonutrition) and alanyl-glutamine combined with L-NAME, SNAP, DON, β-alanine and DFMO on neutrophil
amino and α-keto acid concentrations or important neutrophil immune functions in order to establish whether an inhibitor of
•NO-synthase [L-NAME], an •NO donor [SNAP], an analogue of taurine and a taurine transport antagonist [β-alanine], an inhibitor
of ornithine-decarboxylase [DFMO] as well as DON could influence any of the alanyl-glutamine-induced effects. In summary,
irrespective of which pharmacological, metabolism-inhibiting or receptor-mediated mechanisms were involved, our results showed
that impairment of granulocytic glutamine uptake, modulation of intracellular glutamine metabolisation and/or de novo synthesis
as well as a blockade of important glutamine-dependent metabolic processes may led to significant modifications of physiological
and immunological functions of the affected cells. 相似文献
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148.
Linzhu Gou Simone Robl Kai Leonhard Heike Lorenz Magdalena Sordo Annamaria Butka Stefan Kesselheim Morris Wolff Andreas Seidel‐Morgenstern Karlheinz Schaber 《Chirality》2011,23(2):118-127
The resolution of chiral compound‐forming systems using hybrid processes was discussed recently. The concept is of large relevance as these systems form the majority of chiral substances. In this study, a novel hybrid process is presented, which combines pertraction and subsequent preferential crystallization and is applicable for the resolution of such systems. A supported liquid membrane applied in a pertraction process provides enantiomeric enrichment. This membrane contains a solution of a chiral compound acting as a selective carrier for one of the enantiomers. Screening of a large number of liquid membranes and potential carriers using the conductor‐like screening model for realistic solvation method led to the identification of several promising carriers, which were tested experimentally in several pertraction runs aiming to yield enriched (+)‐(S)‐mandelic acid (MA) solutions from racemic feed solutions. The most promising system consisted of tetrahydronaphthalene as liquid membrane and hydroquinine‐4‐methyl‐2‐quinolylether (HMQ) as chiral carrier achieving enantiomeric excesses of 15% in average. The successful production of (+)‐(S)‐MA with a purity above 96% from enriched solutions by subsequent preferential crystallization proved the applicability of the hybrid process. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
149.
Annerieke C van Groenestijn Ingrid GL van de Port Carin D Schröder Marcel WM Post Hepke F Grupstra Esther T Kruitwagen Harmen van der Linde Reinout O van Vliet Margreet GH van de Weerd Leonard H van den Berg Eline Lindeman 《BMC neurology》2011,11(1):1-11
Background
Neuropathic pain must be correctly diagnosed for optimal treatment. The questionnaire named Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) was developed in its original French version to evaluate the different symptoms of neuropathic pain. We hypothesized that the NPSI might also be used to differentiate neuropathic from non-neuropathic pain.Methods
We translated the NPSI into German using a standard forward-backward translation and administered it in a case-control design to patients with neuropathic (n = 68) and non-neuropathic pain (headache and osteoarthritis, n = 169) to validate it and to analyze its discriminant properties, its sensitivity to change, and to detect neuropathic pain subgroups with distinct profiles.Results
Using a sum score (the NPSI-G score), we found sensitivity to change (r between 0.37 and 0.5 for pain items of the graded chronic pain scale) and could distinguish between neuropathic and other pain on a group basis, but not for individual patients. Post hoc development of a discriminant score with optimized diagnostic properties to distinguish neuropathic pain from non-neuropathic pain resulted in an instrument with high sensitivity (91%) and acceptable specificity (70%). We detected six different pain profiles in the patient group with neuropathic pain; three profiles were found to be distinct.Conclusions
The NPSI-G potentially combines the properties of a diagnostic tool and an instrument to identify subtypes of neuropathic pain. 相似文献150.
Chase GP Rameix-Welti MA Zvirbliene A Zvirblis G Götz V Wolff T Naffakh N Schwemmle M 《PLoS pathogens》2011,7(9):e1002187
In contrast to most RNA viruses, influenza viruses replicate their genome in the nucleus of infected cells. As a result, newly-synthesized vRNA genomes, in the form of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs), must be exported to the cytoplasm for productive infection. To characterize the composition of vRNP export complexes and their interplay with the nucleus of infected cells, we affinity-purified tagged vRNPs from biochemically fractionated infected nuclei. After treatment of infected cells with leptomycin B, a potent inhibitor of Crm1-mediated export, we isolated vRNP export complexes which, unexpectedly, were tethered to the host-cell chromatin with very high affinity. At late time points of infection, the cellular export receptor Crm1 also accumulated at the same regions of the chromatin as vRNPs, which led to a decrease in the export of other nuclear Crm1 substrates from the nucleus. Interestingly, chromatin targeting of vRNP export complexes brought them into association with Rcc1, the Ran guanine exchange factor responsible for generating RanGTP and driving Crm1-dependent nuclear export. Thus, influenza viruses gain preferential access to newly-generated host cell export machinery by targeting vRNP export complexes at the sites of Ran regeneration. 相似文献