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311.
312.
During the R/V Hakuho-maru Cruise KH-95-2, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, from Tokyo, Japan to the South Pacific east of Australia (22°
N–30° S; 126° E–176° E) from June to September, 1995, 77 unidentified gonostomatid larvae (5.5–20.0 mm SL) were collected
south of 20° S with an IKMT net. They subsequently were identified as Sigmops longipinnis (Mukhacheva), and its ontogeny during the latter part of the larval stage (body form and proportions, photophores, pigmentation,
and meristics) is described here. The larvae develop a species-specific row of melanophores along the midlateral line anterior
to the caudal peduncle and another along the middorsal line from before the dorsal fin to just before the caudal fin.
Received: June 24, 2002 / Revised: November 2, 2002 / Accepted: January 31, 2003 相似文献
313.
Zdenka Otýpková Milan Chytrý Lubomír Tichý Vilém Pechanec Jan W. Jongepier Ondřej Hájek 《Biologia》2011,66(2):266-274
The flora of the White Carpathians, a mountain range in the south-east of the Czech Republic, is documented by about 485,000
records of vascular plant occurrences collected since the mid-19th century. A total of 1299 species recorded in 93 grid cells of 2.8 × 3.1 km were used for an analysis of spatial patterns
of floristic diversity in the White Carpathians. Multivariate statistical techniques such as ordination and classification
were used to reveal the main gradients in floristic composition and species richness, and measured environmental data and
Ellenberg indicator values were used to assess underlying environmental factors. There is a striking floristic contrast between
the western and eastern part of the study area, which is associated with differences in climate, mean altitude, topographic
heterogeneity measured as altitudinal range, and land use. The western part is characterised by thermophilous, continental
and calcicolous species of open habitats. In contrast, the more forested eastern part along the state border with Slovakia
and the north-eastern part of the area are characterised by acidophilous species with higher moisture requirements. This pattern
is consistent with the established phytogeographical division of the Czech Republic into the phytogeographical regions of
Thermophyticum and Mesophyticum. The further division of the area into four regions, based on classified grid data, is also
similar to the current division into phytogeographical districts, except for the Javorníky district. There are two distinct
hot spots of species richness, in the western and the extreme north-eastern part. A poorer flora was found in landscapes with
intensive agriculture. Species richness is associated with different environmental factors than species composition, namely
with soil types and land-use categories. Alien species are more common in areas with a higher incidence of arable land and
built-up areas, and less common in areas dominated by grasslands and forests. 相似文献
314.
Zhang H Cai J Dong J Zhang D Huang L Xu Z Cen P 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2011,92(2):295-303
Poly (β-l-malic acid) (PMLA) is a water-soluble polyester with many attractive properties in chemical industry and medicine development.
However, the low titer of PMLA in the available producer strains limits further industrialization efforts and restricts its
many potential applications. In order to solve this problem, a new strain with the distinguished high productivity of PMLA
was isolated from fresh plants samples. It was characterized as the candidate of Aureobasidium pullulans based on the morphology and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer sequences. After the optimization of
culture conditions, the highest PMLA concentration (62.27 g l−1) could be achieved in the shake flask scale. In addition, the contribution of the carbon flux to exopolysaccharide (EPS)
and PMLA could be regulated by the addition of CaCO3 in the medium. This high-level fermentation process was further scaled up in the 10 l benchtop fermentor with a high PMLA
concentration (57.2 g l−1) and productivity (0.35 g l−1 h−1), which are the highest level in all the literature. Finally, the suitable acid hydrolysis conditions of PMLA were also investigated
with regard to the production of l-malic acid, and the kinetics of PMLA acid hydrolysis was modeled to simulate the whole degradation process. The present work
paved the road to produce this multifunctional biomaterial (PMLA) at industrial scale and promised one alternative method
to produce l-malic acid in the future. 相似文献
315.
Marcelo H Ratto Louis TJ Delbaere Yvonne A Leduc Roger A Pierson Gregg P Adams 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2011,9(1):24
Background
The objective of the present study was to isolate and purify the protein fraction(s) of llama seminal plasma responsible for the ovulation-inducing effect of the ejaculate. 相似文献316.
317.
Ines Hammami Bassem Jaouadi Abir Ben Bacha Ahmed Rebai Samir Bejar Xavier Nesme Ali Rhouma 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2012,17(1):41-49
Bacillus subtilis strain 14B was used to produce a novel antimicrobial peptide (bacteriocin) called Bac 14B. Pure bacteriocin was obtained
after heat and acidic treatments (80°C and pH 4), precipitation by ammonium sulfate, and chromatography on Sephadex G-50 and
Mono Q Sepharose columns. Based on MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis, purified Bac 14B is a monomer protein with a molecular
mass of 20110.13 Da. N-terminal sequencing allowed for the straightforward identification of its first 12 residues, which
were of a pure bacteriocin. It also revealed that this bacteriocin contained a unique sequence, namely M-L-K-A-N-L-Q-N-P-L-N-A,
suggesting the identification of a novel compound. Bac 14B was stable for 1 h at temperatures up to 80°C and pH of 4 ∼ 8.
It also proved sensitive to various proteases, which demonstrated its protein nature. Bac 14B displayed a bacteriolytical
mode of action and a broad range of inhibitory spectra toward Gram-positive and -negative pathogens. Interestingly, based
on conventional agronomic seed vigor parameters, the application of Bac 14B (500 activity units/mL) to various crops revealed
that this bacteriocin was a potent exogenous enhancer of growth that stimulated the seedling vigor of tomatoes and muskmelons.
Compared to those of the control, the germination percentage, shoot weight, shoot height, and root length were all significantly
enhanced in Bac 14B-treated plant seeds. Bac 14B also exhibited effective disinfectant properties against a wide range of
seedborne diseases and significant effects on the control of damping off diseases, particularly at the pregermination stage.
It also proved to be effective against root rot diseases caused by Alternaria solani and other bacterial seedborne pathogens such as wilt diseases. The findings indicate that Bac 14B is the first B. subtilis-produced bacteriocin ever reported to exhibit such promising biological properties. 相似文献
318.
Did RNA editing in plant organellar genomes originate under natural selection or through genetic drift? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Background
The C↔U substitution types of RNA editing have been observed frequently in organellar genomes of land plants. Although various attempts have been made to explain why such a seemingly inefficient genetic mechanism would have evolved, no satisfactory explanation exists in our view. In this study, we examined editing patterns in chloroplast genomes of the hornwort Anthoceros formosae and the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris and in mitochondrial genomes of the angiosperms Arabidopsis thaliana, Beta vulgaris and Oryza sativa, to gain an understanding of the question of how RNA editing originated. 相似文献319.
Anne Caroline Wiik Ernst-Otto Ropstad Ellen Bjerkås Frode Lingaas 《BMC veterinary research》2008,4(1):23
Background
A genetic study was performed to identify candidate genes associated with day blindness in the standard wire haired dachshund. Based on a literature review of diseases in dogs and human with phenotypes similar to day blindness, ten genes were selected and evaluated as potential candidate genes associated with day blindness in the breed.Results
Three of the genes, CNGB3, CNGA3 and GNAT2, involved in cone degeneration and seven genes and loci, ABCA4, RDH5, CORD8, CORD9, RPGRIP1, GUCY2D and CRX, reported to be involved in cone-rod dystrophies were studied. Polymorphic markers at each of the candidate loci were studied in a family with 36 informative offspring. The study revealed a high frequency of recombinations between the candidate marker alleles and the disease.Conclusion
Since all of the markers were at the exact position of the candidate loci, and several recombinations were detected for each of the loci, all ten genes were excluded as causal for this canine, early onset cone-rod dystrophy. The described markers may, however, be useful to screen other canine resource families segregating eye diseases for association to the ten genes.320.
Ravinder Kaur Grewal Monika Lulsdorf Janine Croser Sergio Ochatt Albert Vandenberg Thomas D. Warkentin 《Plant cell reports》2009,28(8):1289-1299
This is the first report on the production of double-haploid chickpea embryos and regenerated plants through anther culture
using Canadian cultivar CDC Xena (kabuli) and Australian cultivar Sonali (desi). Maximum anther induction rates were 69% for
Sonali and 63% for CDC Xena. Under optimal conditions, embryo formation occurred within 15–20 days of culture initiation with
2.3 embryos produced per anther for CDC Xena and 2.0 embryos per anther for Sonali. For anther induction, the following stress
treatments were used: (1) flower clusters were treated at 4°C for 4 days, (2) anthers were subjected to electric shock treatment
of three exponentially decaying pulses of 50–400 V with 25 μF capacitance and 25 Ω resistance, (3) anthers were centrifuged
at 168–1,509g for 2–15 min, and finally (4) anthers were cultured for 4 days in high-osmotic pressure (563 mmol) liquid medium. Anthers
were then transferred to a solid embryo development medium and, 15–20 days later, embryo development was observed concomitant
with a small amount of callus growth of 0.1–3 mm. Anther-derived embryos were regenerated on plant regeneration medium. Electroporation
treatment of anthers enhanced root formation, which is often a major hurdle in legume regeneration protocols. Cytological
studies using DAPI staining showed a wide range of ploidy levels from haploid to tetraploid in 10–30-day-old calli. Flow cytometric
analysis of calli, embryos and regenerated plants showed haploid profiles and/or spontaneous doubling of the chromosomes during
early regeneration stages. 相似文献