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51.
Enveloped virus glycoproteins exhibit membrane fusion activity. We have analysed whether the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus, reconstituted into liposomes, is able to fuse nucleated cells in a pH-dependent fashion. Proteoliposomes produced by octylglucoside dialysis did not exhibit cell fusion activity of the G protein. However, by making use of n-dodecyl octaethylene monoether (C12E8) as the solubilizing agent and by removal of the detergent in two steps, we were able to produce fusogenic G protein liposomes. These G protein liposomes fuse to the BHK-21 cell surface at pH 5.7-6.0 with an efficiency of fusion comparable with that of the parent virus. Physical and chemical analysis revealed that the fusogenic liposomes exhibited a protein to lipid weight ratio of 0.67 and showed an average diameter of 130 nm. 相似文献
52.
Kinga Michno David Knight Jorge M. Campussano Diana van de Hoef Gabrielle L. Boulianne 《PloS one》2009,4(9)
Much of our current understanding about neurodegenerative diseases can be attributed to the study of inherited forms of these disorders. For example, mutations in the presenilin 1 and 2 genes have been linked to early onset familial forms of Alzheimer''s disease (FAD). Using the Drosophila central nervous system as a model we have investigated the role of presenilin in one of the earliest cellular defects associated with Alzheimer''s disease, intracellular calcium deregulation. We show that expression of either wild type or FAD-mutant presenilin in Drosophila CNS neurons has no impact on resting calcium levels but does give rise to deficits in intracellular calcium stores. Furthermore, we show that a loss-of-function mutation in calmodulin, a key regulator of intracellular calcium, can suppress presenilin-induced deficits in calcium stores. Our data support a model whereby presenilin plays a role in regulating intracellular calcium stores and demonstrate that Drosophila can be used to study the link between presenilin and calcium deregulation. 相似文献
53.
Lymphatic drainage in patients after replantation of extremities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lymph drainage was studied by means of lymph scintigraphy in eight patients in whom successful replantation of a totally or subtotally amputated extremity had been performed. Scintigrams were made after subcutaneous injection of technetium-99m in the replanted part of the patient and the contralateral, normal extremity. In all scintigrams, axillary or inguinal lymph node activity is seen, implying drainage of lymph by means of the lymph vessels. Retention of colloid in the replanted part (79 to 94 percent) shows no significant difference with the contralateral, normal side (86 to 94 percent). Unquestionable evidence of regeneration of lymphatics in humans is delivered in the three patients, in whom lymph node activity and normal retention percentages are seen on the scintigrams after total amputation of an extremity followed by replantation without anastomosing of interrupted lymph vessels. 相似文献
54.
55.
A bacterial clone carrying sequences coding for elongation factor EF-1 alpha from Artemia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A bacterial cDNA clone was identified carrying one third of the nucleotides coding for elongation factor EF-1 alpha from the brine shrimp Artemia. The sequence of codons corresponds with the known sequence of amino acids of EF-1 alpha in the region involved. 相似文献
56.
57.
J. L. van Leeuwen 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》1999,354(1385):839-840
Preface to Mechanisms of neuromuscular control. A Theme organized and edited by J. L. van Leeuwen. 相似文献
58.
Adnan Cavka Bj?rn Alriksson Shaunita H. Rose Willem H. van Zyl Leif J. J?nsson 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2011,38(8):891-899
The possibility to utilize fiber sludge, waste fibers from pulp mills and lignocellulose-based biorefineries, for combined production of liquid biofuel and biocatalysts was investigated. Without pretreatment, fiber sludge was hydrolyzed enzymatically to monosaccharides, mainly glucose and xylose. In the first of two sequential fermentation steps, the fiber sludge hydrolysate was fermented to cellulosic ethanol with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although the final ethanol yields were similar, the ethanol productivity after 9.5?h was 3.3?g/l/h for the fiber sludge hydrolysate compared with only 2.2?g/l/h for a reference fermentation with similar sugar content. In the second fermentation step, the spent fiber sludge hydrolysate (the stillage obtained after distillation) was used as growth medium for recombinant Aspergillus niger expressing the xylanase-encoding Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) xyn2 gene. The xylanase activity obtained with the spent fiber sludge hydrolysate (8,500?nkat/ml) was higher than that obtained in a standard medium with similar monosaccharide content (1,400?nkat/ml). Analyses based on deglycosylation with N-glycosidase?F suggest that the main part of the recombinant xylanase was unglycosylated and had molecular mass of 20.7?kDa, while a minor part had N-linked glycosylation and molecular mass of 23.6?kDa. Chemical analyses of the growth medium showed that important carbon sources in the spent fiber sludge hydrolysate included xylose, small aliphatic acids, and oligosaccharides. The results show the potential of converting waste fiber sludge to liquid biofuel and enzymes as coproducts in lignocellulose-based biorefineries. 相似文献
59.
Jeroen M. G. Stevens Hilde Vervaecke Han de Vries Linda van Elsacker 《International journal of primatology》2007,28(6):1417-1430
Bonobos have a reputation as a female-dominated and egalitarian species. We examined the 2 aspects of dominance in 6 captive
bonobo groups. Females do not consistently evoke submission from all males in all contexts. Though females occupy the highest-ranking
positions in the dominance hierarchy, there are in each group males that obtain rather high ranks and are able to dominate
≥1 female. Thus female dominance is not complete and hierarchies can be better described as nonexclusive female dominance.
We studied egalitarianism by measuring linearity and steepness of dominance hierarchies. The hierarchies of all groups are
highly linear. Hierarchies among males are steeper than among females. On average, male bonobos are more despotic than females,
but females too can have despotic relations, both with other females and with males. Hence one can call bonobos in captivity
semidespotic rather than egalitarian. 相似文献
60.