Retrograde but not anterograde bead movement in intact axons requires dynein

Dynein and kinesin have been implicated as the molecular motors that are responsible for the fast transport of axonal membranous organelles and vesicles. Experiments performed in vitro with partially reconstituted preparations have led to the hypothesis that kinesin moves organelles in the anterograde direction and dynein moves them in the retrograde direction. However, the molecular basis of transport directionality remains unclear. In the experiments described here, carboxylated fluorescent beads were injected into living Mauthner axons of lamprey and the beads were observed to move in both the anterograde and retrograde directions. The bead movement in both directions required intact microtubules, occurred at velocities approaching organelle fast transport in vivo, and was inhibited by vanadate at concentrations that inhibit organelle fast transport. When living axons were injected with micromolar concentrations of vanadate and irradiated at 365 nm prior to bead injections, a treatment that results in the V1 photolysis of dynein, the retrograde movement of the beads was specifically abolished. Neither the ultraviolet irradiation alone nor the vanadate alone produced the retrograde-specific inhibition. These results support the hypothesis that dynein is required for retrograde, but not anterograde, transport in vivo. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

细胞寒害的热力学熵理论(Ⅱ)──超熵产生作为寒害稳定性判据的理论研究

本文从物质和能量交换的角度,运用非平衡态热力学超熵产生理论,分析了寒害定态的稳定性,并建立了超熵产生判据．理论分析所得的结论与实验结果基本相符．     

地膜条件下土壤生态因子与玉米产量的关系

研究干旱地区地膜条件下,土壤生态因子对玉米产量的影响．结果表明,最佳种植模式为作物距地膜中心线２１．３—３３．２Ｃｍ,施纯Ｎ＋Ｐ为５９８—７４３ｋｇ·ｈａ－１,玉米产量为１４４９２≤Ｙ佳≤１６５９ｋｇ·ｈ－１．该种植模式有利于提高作物产量及残膜回收．     

沿海防护林防海煞危害初探

通过后牧村海岸防护林带附近空气中主要盐离子飘尘的观测分析表明,林带对大气盐尘的吸附和截留作用,无林带地区平均沉降量为４．３μｇ．ｍ＾－３．１００ｍ＾－１,通过林带时为１８．４μｍ＾－３．１００ｍ＾－１。林带的吸队量与树种、枝叶形状有关,侧柏对Ｃｌ＾－和Ｎａ＾＋的吸附量分别为６３３０和３３５０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１,而黑松为１５７０和９５０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１,空气中盐尘受天气条件特别是风速的影响,阴天,风速     

长白山劲松林场植物群落的分类和排序

将长白山白河林业局劲松林场的５４块样地用聚类分析法划分成６个植被类群,再用ＰＣ－ＶＴＡＢ程序中经过改进的Ｂｒａｕｎ－Ｂｌａｎｑｕｅｔ学派的植被排表分析法进行综合,产生了鉴别概要表,为各个等级的植被类群筛选出诊断种。此外,还用鉴别种地样地记录进行主成分分析,以验证诊断种的有效性,结果表明,ＰＣ－ＶＴＡＢ中的植被排表分析法是筛选鉴别种的有效方法,而鉴别种以显著地提高植被分析和排序的质量。     

抗原捕获聚合酶链式反应（AC－PCR）直接分型检测单纯疱疹病毒

用抗单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶ）型共同性ｇＣ和ｇＤ羊克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）,包被即Ｅｐｐｅｎｄｏｒｆ管,捕捉ＨＳＶ,同时加入３个引物：一个是ＨＳＶ─１／ＨＳＶ─２型共同性上游引物,另两个分别是ＨＳＶ─１和ＨＳＶ─２型特异性下游引物。借此建立了能直接分型检测ＨＳＶ的抗原捕获聚合酶链式反应（ＡＣ─ＰＣＲ）。ＨＳＶ─１的扩增产物为４７７ｂｐ,ＨＳＶ─２的为３９９ｂｐ两型病毒经ＡＣ─ＰＣＲ扩增后产生分子量不同的ＤＮＡ片段,致使ＡＣ─ＰＣＲ能直接分型检测ＨＳＶ。ＨＳＶ─１和ＨＳＶ─２扩增产物的克隆和序列分析表明,本方法特异性好。用本法检测Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ幼鼠中枢神经系统ＨＳＶ感染的脑标本,进一步证实本方法不仅敏感、特异,而且分型准确。