A Suppressor of a Mating-Type Limited Zygotic Lethal Allele Also Suppresses Uniparental Chloroplast Gene Transmission in Chlamydomonas Monoica

Uniparental inheritance of Chlamydomonas chloroplast genes is thought to involve modification of maternal (mt(+)) chloroplast genomes to protect against a nuclease that is activated after gamete fusion. The mating-type limited mtl-1 mutant strain of Chlamydomonas monoica is unable to protect mt(+)-derived chloroplast DNA. Zygotes homozygous for mtl-1 lose all chloroplast DNA and fail to germinate. We have selected for suppression of this zygote-specific lethality, and have obtained 20 mutant strains that produce viable homozygotes despite the continued presence of the mtl-1 allele. Genetic analysis indicates that the suppressor mutations are all recessive alleles at a single locus (sup-1) which is unlinked to mtl-1. Crosses between sup-1 strains carrying distinctive chloroplast antibiotic resistance markers also show predominantly biparental chloroplast gene transmission. Chloroplast nucleoids of both parental origins (stained with the DNA-specific fluorochrome, DAPI) are retained in the zygotes homozygous for sup-1. The data are compatible with the idea that the sup-1 (suppressor of uniparental inheritance) locus may encode a chloroplast DNA nuclease that is expressed from both parental genomes.     

Specificity and function of monoclonal antibodies directed against Ewing sarcoma cells

A selection of 16 monoclonal antibodies has been produced against a fresh Ewing's sarcoma (ES) tumor mixed with a permanent ES cell line. The majority of antibodies identify an 80-kDa molecule, which is not detected on healthy tissues except on certain cultured monocytes. One antibody recognize the CD2 ligand MIC2 and 2 antibodies (numbers 13 and 16) define a higher-molecular-mass antigen. Antibody 16 is also expressed on mesenchymal fibroblasts of bone marrow or fetal origin. Tumorspecific antigen expression is potentially linked to the chromosome 22 abnormality decribed in Ewing's sarcoma.     

杂交水稻及其“三系”线粒体DNA的AP—PCR指纹图谱

为了研究水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）细胞质雄性不育（ＣＭＳ）与线粒体基因组的关系,应用ＡＰ－ＰＣＲ 分析,用７ 个任意单引物对６ 种水稻品系线粒体ＤＮＡ 进行了扩增。水稻线粒体ＤＮＡ 的ＡＰ－ＰＣＲ 产物可分为三种类型：（１）所有供试品系均能扩增的片段,它们代表了线粒体ＤＮＡ 在进化上的保守性序列。有４ 个引物检测到这类片段。（２）２ 个以上水稻品系共同出现而在全部供试材料间存在差异的扩增片段,这类片段是检测水稻线粒体ＤＮＡ多态性的主要来源。（３）一种细胞质类型所特有的扩增片段,从引物Ｒ２ 和Ｖ５ 的扩增产物中发现了这类片段,它们可能与ＣＭＳ有关联。另外,ＷＡ型不育系珍汕９７Ａ 与其杂种之间在６ 个引物的扩增图谱上均存在不同程度的差异,说明两者的线粒体ＤＮＡ序列结构可能存在某种差别     

百合离体生殖细胞骨架的扫描电镜观察

从百合的花粉管分离出来的生殖细胞,经表面活化剂Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００ 及核糖核酸酶、硫酸铵离析处理。离析后的细胞经临界点干燥,扫描电镜观察显示：在离体生殖细胞的胞质内有一个非常复杂的支架网络系统。这一网络系统有内外两层：外层（靠近细胞膜）网络结构紧密,纤维束粗长;内层（靠近核）网络结构疏松,纤维束短细。一些间接证据显示,这一支架网络系统可能为微管骨架     

大蒜中期染色体内的核糖核蛋白物质

研究了大蒜（Ａｌｌｉｕｍ ｓａｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）中期染色体的超微结构和ＲＮＰ物质。常规染色表明,大部分染色体内部有低电子密度区,有的染色体中低电子密度区域较大而似孔洞。银染结果也证明了有大小不等的孔洞存在。Ｂｅｒｎｈａｒｄ 染色显示,在染色体周边和染色体内部都有ＲＮＰ分布。用ＮａＯＨ 处理证明了Ｂｅｒｎｈａｒｄ 染色法所显示的深染区确实含有ＲＮＡ。ＲＮＰ量的多少与ＥＤＴＡ 的分化时间呈负相关     

AST同工酶的琼脂糖凝胶电泳NBT显色法

分布于细胞内线粒体及细胞质中的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST·EC·2·6·1·1)是人血清中含有的两种同工酶,分别称为AST-m和AST-c同工酶.AST-c电泳迁移率介于血清α-球蛋白与β-球蛋白之间.AST-m电泳迁移率相似于γ-球蛋白,琼脂糖凝胶电泳固蓝B染色法对m-AST检出率较低.用NBT显色法则可得到较好效果.     

大血藤科植物的分类学研究

作者对大血藤科植物的花性、叶片内部结构形态、花粉形态、染色体核型及过氧化物酶和脂酶同工酶进行了比较研究,结果表明：１）大血藤科植物外形上的两性花,其雄蕊的形态退化、花药始终不开裂,为功能上的雌花,因此其花为单性,同株,同序或异序;１２）首次指出大血藤属植物的染色体数为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２２,属小型染色体,与木通科植物２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３２、３０、２８的染色体数明显不同,支持Ｓｔａｐｆ（１９２６）将其从木通科分出另立为科的观点;３）单叶和复叶可出现于同一植株上,而且在叶片内部结构、花粉形态、染色体核型、过氧化物酶及脂酶同工酶等性状上,大血藤与单叶血滕间均无实质性的差异,因此将单叶血藤归并于大血藤中。     

蜜蜂脑中5—HT，GABA，Ach免疫反应阳性神经元分布的比较研究

通过免疫细胞化学方法－ＰＡＰ法,研究了中华峰（Ａｐｉｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）和意大利峰（ＡｐｉｓｍｅｌｌｉｆｅｒａＬ）脑和视叶中乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）、５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）、γ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）免疫反应阳性神经元胞体和纤维的形态、染色强度、分布和各种神经丛之间的联系．一方面将这些阳性分布系统和蜜蜂脑中相应的神经元类型进行比较,另一方面也分析了在一些特殊解剖学通路中存在的可能的神经递质及其作用．     

Application of fuzzy reasoning to control of glucose and ethanol concentrations in baker's yeast culture

Fuzzy reasoning was applied to control both ethanol and glucose concentrations in fed-batch cultures of baker's yeast. This fuzzy controller consisted of three membership functions (concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), ethanol and glucose) and 18 production rules. Fuzzy inference was carried out by IF {A is a and B is b,...#x007D;, THEN {C is c} from the on-line measured concentrations of DO, ethanol and glucose. When medium concentrations of ethanol and glucose in fed-batch culture of baker's yeast were set at 2 g/l and 0.2 g/l, both ethanol and glucose concentrations were controlled at 2.67±0.35 g/l and 0.27±0.25 g/l, respectively, ethanol production was reduced from 26 g/l to 34 g/l, cell yield increased from 0.38 to 0.53 g dry cell/g consumed glucose and ethanol yield decreased from 0.50 to 0.14 g ethanol/g consumed glucose, respectively, as compared with those of the glucose only control at 0.2 g/l.