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31.
Ricardo Guerra Peixe Marcela Santana Bastos Boechat Alba Lucinia Peixoto Rangel Rh?nia Fran?a Gomes Rosa Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler Lilian MG Bahia-Oliveira 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2014,109(1):99-107
The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interferon (IFN)-γ
gene ( IFNG ) with different types of retinal scar lesions
presumably caused by toxoplasmosis were investigated in a cross-sectional
population-based genetic study. Ten SNPs were investigated and after Bonferroni
correction, only the associations between SNPs rs2069718 and
rs3181035 with retinal/retinochoroidal scar lesions type A (most
severe scar lesions) and C (least severe scar lesions), respectively, remained
significant. The associations of two different IFNG SNPs with two
different types of retinal lesions attributable to toxoplasmosis support the
hypothesis that different inflammatory mechanisms underlie the development of these
lesions. The in vitro analysis of IFN-γ secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear
cells stimulated with Toxoplasma gondii antigens was also
investigated. The association between SNP rs2069718 and type A scar
lesions revealed that differential IFN-γ levels are correlated with distinct
genotypes. However, no correlation was observed with IFN-γ secretion levels and the
SNP rs3181035 , which was significantly associated with type C scar
lesions. Our findings strongly suggest that immunogenetic studies of individuals with
congenital or postnatally acquired infection are needed to better understand the role
of IFN-γ and its polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of ocular toxoplasmosis. 相似文献
32.
The shells of most anomalodesmatan bivalves are composed of an outer aragonitic layer of either granular or columnar prismatic microstructure, and an inner layer of nacre. The Thraciidae is one of the few anomalodesmatan families whose members lack nacreous layers. In particular, shells of members of the genus Thracia are exceptional in their possession of a very distinctive but previously unreported microstructure, which we term herein “dendritic prisms.” Dendritic prisms consist of slender fibers of aragonite which radiate perpendicular to, and which stack along, the axis of the prism. Here we used scanning and transmission electron microscopical investigation of the periostracum, mantle, and shells of three species of Thracia to reconstruct the mode of shell calcification and to unravel the crystallography of the dendritic units. The periostracum is composed of an outer dark layer and an inner translucent layer. During the free periostracum phase the dark layer grows at the expense of the translucent layer, but at the position of the shell edge, the translucent layer mineralizes with the units typical of the dendritic prismatic layer. Within each unit, the c‐axis is oriented along the prismatic axis, whereas the a‐axis of aragonite runs parallel to the long axis of the fibers. The six‐rayed alignment of the latter implies that prisms are formed by {110} polycyclically twinned crystals. We conclude that, despite its distinctive appearance, the dendritic prismatic layer of the shell of Thracia spp. is homologous to the outer granular prismatic or prismatic layer of other anomalodesmatans, while the nacreous layer present in most anomalodesmatans has been suppressed. 相似文献
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Christian C. Willinger Herbert Schramek Kristian Pfaller Walter Pfaller 《Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology》1992,62(1):237-243
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs) seem to participate in the pathogenesis of renal ischemic reperfusion injury.
The kidneys from male Sprague Dawley rats were immersion-fixed after 45 min of renal artery clamping followed by reperfusion
for 0, 5, 20, and 120 min, respectively. The tissue distribution of PMNs in the kidneys was studied histochemically using
naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase as a specific marker for these cells. Neutrophil counts per unit sectional area were
obtained for renal cortex, outer and inner medulla. In the cortex separate intraglomerular and peritubular counts, and in
the outer medulla separate outer and inner stripe counts were made. After 120 min of reperfusion the total renal PMN counts
were 488 ±62 (n = 4) compared with 54 ±4 (n = 4) per cm2 in nonischemic controls. Within 120 min of reperfusion PMN counts increased by a factor of 8 in the cortex, of 12 in the
outer medulla and of 14 in the inner medulla, compared with controls. The ratio of intraglomerular against peritubular PMN
counts was approximately 2 in controls, but 0.5 after a 120-min reperfusion interval. The outer stripe of the outer medulla
contained only a small number of PMNs whereas PMN counts of 923 ±197 (n = 4) per cm2 were found in the inner stripe after 120 min reperfusion. Interestingly, there was a marked increase in PMNs in the inner
stripe during the first 5 min of reperfusion but no extravasation of PMNs was observed. Taken together, these data provide
the first evidence that PMNs accumulate particularly within peritubular capillaries in the cortex and within the inner stripe
of the outer medulla. This distribution pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that PMN-augmented cell injury occurs in
the early phase of postischemic acute renal failure. In addition the steady increase in PMNs during reperfusion may further
contribute to impaired renal function. 相似文献
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Evaluation of a new chromogenic agar medium for the identification of urinary tract pathogens 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study evaluated the performance of CPS ID2 (bioMérieux) compared to that of conventionally used selective agar for the identification of bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections. This medium detects bacterial enzymes using chromogenic substrates. Two hundred and nineteen samples of urine were tested in order to evaluate new CPS ID2 in comparison to blood agar and MacConkey agar.
According to our results, the CPS ID2 agar is an easy, rapid and sensitive method for the screening of colonies suspected of being Escherichia coli , reducing the number of biochemical tests needed. Also, enterococci and Proteae can be easily detected. Other micro-organisms require further identification. The greatest value of this medium is the accurate identification of polymicrobial cultures. 相似文献
According to our results, the CPS ID2 agar is an easy, rapid and sensitive method for the screening of colonies suspected of being Escherichia coli , reducing the number of biochemical tests needed. Also, enterococci and Proteae can be easily detected. Other micro-organisms require further identification. The greatest value of this medium is the accurate identification of polymicrobial cultures. 相似文献
40.
Alexandra Geusau Lukasz Antoniewicz Christine Poitschek Elisabeth Presterl Birgit Willinger 《Mycopathologia》2014,177(3-4):143-156
Organ transplant recipients (OTR) are at higher risk of developing life-threatening infections. In this study, we tested 527 Candida isolates obtained from the oral and genital mucosa from OTR and healthy controls in order to monitor antifungal susceptibility patterns in this particular risk group. Testing was carried out in parallel for already marketed azoles and anidulafungin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the E-test® for azoles and CLSI broth microdilution for anidulafungin. Overall, there was no difference in the distribution of Candida spp. for both groups, C. albicans being the most frequently isolated Candida sp. followed by C. glabrata. Also, there were only minor differences in the susceptibility patterns to all antifungal agents. All C. albicans isolates were fully susceptible to fluconazole and voriconazole. In C. glabrata, 2.2 % (n = 1) were resistant to fluconazole, and 82.6 % (n = 38) to itraconazole, and in C. krusei, 66.7 % (n = 2) were resistant in itraconazole. All strains were susceptible to voriconazole. Only fluconazole showed a higher rate of resistant C. glabrata isolates for OTR (3.7 %), whereas the control group showed only intermediate susceptible and no resistant isolates. As there are no breakpoints established for posaconazole by CLSI, breakpoints determined by EUCAST were used. A total of 87.9 % of C. albicans, 81.3 % of C. parapsilosis and 66.7 % of C. tropicalis were considered susceptible. C. glabrata and C. krusei showed higher MIC values and thus lesser susceptibility than the other Candida species. There were no differences observed between OTR and control groups. For anidulafungin, 99.8 % of C. albicans isolates were susceptible, 0.2 % were intermediate, whereas for C. glabrata, only 95.3 % were susceptible, 0.2 % were resistant and 4.5 % were interpreted as intermediate. Interestingly, the two resistant isolates were found in the control group. Also, the controls showed a marginally higher percentage of intermediate strains compared to the transplant patients. All in all, resistant isolates were only observed for C. glabrata of the control group. 相似文献