全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15325篇 |
免费 | 1799篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 160篇 |
2018年 | 155篇 |
2017年 | 129篇 |
2016年 | 272篇 |
2015年 | 365篇 |
2014年 | 414篇 |
2013年 | 534篇 |
2012年 | 650篇 |
2011年 | 630篇 |
2010年 | 486篇 |
2009年 | 464篇 |
2008年 | 622篇 |
2007年 | 652篇 |
2006年 | 542篇 |
2005年 | 566篇 |
2004年 | 545篇 |
2003年 | 545篇 |
2002年 | 464篇 |
2001年 | 431篇 |
2000年 | 431篇 |
1999年 | 380篇 |
1998年 | 178篇 |
1997年 | 184篇 |
1996年 | 170篇 |
1995年 | 146篇 |
1994年 | 177篇 |
1993年 | 141篇 |
1992年 | 351篇 |
1991年 | 339篇 |
1990年 | 341篇 |
1989年 | 295篇 |
1988年 | 296篇 |
1987年 | 268篇 |
1986年 | 251篇 |
1985年 | 271篇 |
1984年 | 258篇 |
1983年 | 261篇 |
1982年 | 207篇 |
1981年 | 152篇 |
1980年 | 167篇 |
1979年 | 229篇 |
1978年 | 201篇 |
1977年 | 183篇 |
1976年 | 178篇 |
1975年 | 173篇 |
1974年 | 182篇 |
1973年 | 177篇 |
1972年 | 161篇 |
1971年 | 143篇 |
1970年 | 128篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
281.
K.A. Williams D.O.F. Skibinski Ray Gibson 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》1983,66(3):207-211
Starch-gel electrophoresis was employed to compare six enzymes in three closely related species of nemertean worms, Lineus ruber (Müller, 1774), Lineus sanguineus (Rathke, 1799), and Linens viridis (Müller, 1774). Differences in mobility recorded for most of the enzyme loci examined support the hypothesis that these nemerteans are distinct taxa. 相似文献
282.
Immunopathology of murine experimental allergic orchitis 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
S Kohno J A Munoz T M Williams C Teuscher C C Bernard K S Tung 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1983,130(6):2675-2682
Experimental allergic orchitis (EAO) was induced consistently in BALB/c mice by immunization with homologous testicular tissue homogenate emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) providing that the animals had received simultaneously at least 1 microgram of an extract of Bordetella pertussis rich in pertussigen. All animals thus treated developed orchitis and serum antibody to testicular antigens within 20 days after immunization. The lesions were located in testis (100%), rete testis (37%), cauda epididymis (21%), and vas deferens (37%). Ductus efferentes and caput epididymis were only rarely affected. Early lesions in the seminiferous tubules were characterized by peritubular and/or intratubular accumulation of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. This was followed by aspermatogenesis. Late lesions included massive necrosis and extensive fibrosis of the seminiferous tubules. Disruption of blood-testis barrier on day 20 was evidenced by the detection of 1) perfused lanthanum deposits between Sertoli cells and surrounding inflammatory cells inside the seminiferous tubules, 2) deposits of endogenous mouse IgG in germinal epithelium, and 3) probable immune complexes (granular C3) surrounding seminiferous tubules. Murine EAO differed from that of the guinea pig in the lack of involvement of the ductus efferentes, the extensive necrosis, the abundant polymorphonuclear eosinophils in the lesion, and the exquisite requirement of concomitant injection of B. pertussis extract. 相似文献
283.
The murine E alpha immune response gene 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
284.
285.
K O Ash J B Smith J W Kemp M B Lynch F G Moody J L Raymond M R McKnight R R Williams 《Clinical physiology and biochemistry》1983,1(6):293-299
Ouabain binding to erythrocyte membranes is increased in obese subjects. Three study groups are compared: 14 reference subjects, 102 +/- 16% of ideal weight; 9 obese on unrestricted diets, 207 +/- 16% of ideal weight; 11 obese on restricted diets, 202 +/- 35% of ideal weight. A reproducible (CV = 11.3%) ouabain-binding assay is used to measure Na+-K+ ATPase sites in erythrocyte membranes. The number of binding sites per red blood cell for obese subjects on unrestricted diets, 431 +/- 30, is greater than for the reference group, 346 +/- 66 (p less than 0.01), or for obese subjects on restricted diets, 371 +/- 68 (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that caloric intake influences the number of Na+-K+ ATPase sites. Scatchard plots indicate only one type of binding site for ouabain with an affinity constant of about 3 X 10(8) M-1. 相似文献
286.
Heterogeneity of pig plasma amine oxidase: molecular and catalytic properties of chromatographically isolated forms 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Pig plasma amine oxidase was resolved into several fractions by ion-exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography. These fractions were separately purified, and each fraction was analyzed for catalytic and structural properties. The relative amount of these fractions varied between preparations. Each fraction was composed of a unique set of bands on isoelectric focusing, as revealed by activity and protein staining. All the fractions contained 2 mol of Cu2+ and one "active-carbonyl" cofactor per 195 000 g of protein. There was no detectable difference in the amino acid contents of the fractions. The fractions all had similar catalytic properties using benzylamine as the substrate. The chromatographically resolved fractions had differing carbohydrate contents as revealed by gas chromatographic analysis and interaction with lectins. Further, some of the isoelectric focusing bands interacted with lectins of differing affinities. The results suggest that the heterogeneity may be due to variable carbohydrate content. Further, the practice of pooling the various chromatographic fractions may yield misleading results under certain circumstances. 相似文献
287.
Optical stopped-flow techniques have been used to determine the dissociation rate constants (koff) for the lanthanide(III) ions from carp (pI 4.25) parvalbumin. For most of the 13 different lanthanides studied, the release kinetics were diphasic, composed of both a fast phase (whose rate varied across the series, La3+ leads to Lu3+, between the limits -1.2 less than or equal to log kFAST less than or equal to -0.7) and a slower phase (whose rate varied across the series, La3+ leads to Lu3+, between the limits -1.2 greater than or equal to log kSLOW greater than or equal to -2.9). In addition, the La3+- and Lu3+-induced changes in the 270-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of parvalbumin were used to calculate the dissociation constants for these specific lanthanides from the two high-affinity Ca2+ binding sites. The KD for one site appears to remain constant across the lanthanide series, determined to be 4.8 X 10(-11) M for both La3+ and Lu3+. The other site, however, is evidently quite sensitive to the nature of the bound Ln3+ ion and shows a strong preference for La3+ (KD,La = 2.0 X 10(-11) M; KD,Lu = 3.6 X 10(-10) M). We conclude from these observations that reports of nearly indistinguishable CD/EF binding site affinities for parvalbumin complexes of the middle-weight lanthanides (i.e., Eu3+, Gd3+, and Tb3+) are quite reasonable in view of the crossover in relative CD/EF site affinities across the lanthanide series. 相似文献
288.
This study was designed to investigate the mitotic response to wounding in the rat thyroid. The spatial distribution of mitotic activity 48 hr after incision of the thyroid isthmus, or mere exposure of the gland (sham-operation), was assessed using a stathmokinetic technique. Incision resulted in a 66-fold increase over normal in metaphase index adjacent to the wound, falling over 2 mm to a stable 13-fold elevation. Sham-operation produced a smaller response with a complete return to normal levels over 1-1 X 5 mm. The results demonstrate that there is a dramatic localized mitotic response to wounding in the thyroid together with a smaller generalized response. Further, the response to sham-operation indicates that thyroid follicular cells respond to a diffusible 'wound hormone'. We suggest that this may be a major mechanism mediating reparative growth in this gland. 相似文献
289.
Thermal shock is a form of hemolysis which occurs in human red cells exposed to greater than a critical level of osmotic stress of 1.4 Osm and subsequently cooled from above about 12 degrees C to below that temperature. Higher concentrations and higher cooling rates each increase the amount of hemolysis, within limits. Incubation for varying periods in hypertonic solutions and varying temperatures of incubation affect the amount of thermal shock. The effect of cooling rate on thermal shock is independent of the period of exposure to hypertonic solutions. Thermal shock is not the cause of freezing injury in human red cells, at least above -10 degrees C. 相似文献
290.
Mammary ductal elongation: differentiation of myoepithelium and basal lamina during branching morphogenesis 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Elongation of mammary ducts in the immature mouse takes place as a result of rapid growth in end buds. These structures proliferate at the apex of elongating ducts and are responsible for penetration of the surrounding adipose stroma; by turning and branching, end buds give rise to the characteristic open pattern of the mammary ductal tree. We have used a variety of techniques to determine the cellular and structural basis for certain of these end bud activities, and now report the following. (1) The end bud tip is covered with a monolayer of epithelium, the "cap cells," which are characterized by a relative lack of intercellular junctions and other specialized features. (2) The cap cell layer extends along the end bud flank and neck regions where it is continuous with the myoepithelium which surrounds the subtending mature duct. A linear sequence of differentiative changes occur in the cap cells in this region as they progressively alter in shape and accumulate the cytological features of mature myoepithelium. Cap cells may therefore be defined as a stem cell population providing new myoepithelial cells for ductal morphogenesis and elongation. (3) Differentiation of cap cells into myoepithelium is associated with conspicuous changes in the basal lamina. At the tip, cap cells form a 104-nm lamina similar to that described in expanding mammary alveoli and in embryonic tissues. Along the end bud flanks the basal lamina is raised from the cell surface and extensively folded, resulting in a greatly thickened lamina, measuring as much as 1.4 microns. At the surface of the subtending ducts the lamina becomes structurally simplified and resembles that at the tip, but has a significantly greater thickness, averaging 130 nm. (4) The codifferentiation of myoepithelium and its basement membrane is associated with changes in the surrounding stroma. Undifferentiated mesenchymal-like cells attach to the surface of the basal lamina in the midportion of the end buds and become increasingly numerous in the neck region, forming a monolayer over the myoepithelial basal lamina. These stromal cells progressively differentiated into fibrocytes which participate in collagen fibrillogenesis and give rise to the fibrous components of the stroma surrounding the mature duct. 相似文献