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991.
P. Kubeš J. Kravárik D. Klír P. Barvir M. Scholz M. Paduch K. Tomaszewski I. Ivanova-Stanik B. Bieńkowska L. Karpinski L. Juha J. Krása M. J. Sadowski L. Jakubowski A. Szydłowski A. Banaszak H. Schmidt V. M. Romanova 《Plasma Physics Reports》2005,31(5):382-391
Results are presented from experimental studies of the correlation between X-ray and neutron emissions generated in the implosion of a deuteron plasma shell onto an Al wire. The experiments were carried out on the PF-1000 facility at currents of 1.5–1.8 MA. An Al wire 80 μm in diameter and 7–9 cm in length was placed at the end of the inner electrode. During the implosion of the plasma shell, Al K-shell X-rays were first emitted at the dip of the current derivative. After the X-ray pulse, a relatively stable corona with a diameter of 2–3 mm and lifetime of a few hundred nanoseconds formed around the wire. The presence of the wire did not considerably reduce the total neutron yield (at most 1011 neutrons per shot) in comparison to discharges without a wire. As a rule, the intensity of neutron emission was maximal a few tens of nanoseconds after the peak of X-ray emission. A detailed comparison of two shots with low and high neutron yields have shown that the neutron yield depends on the configuration and dynamics of the discharge. The possible influence of the self-generated axial component of the magnetic field on the development of the plasma focus and the acceleration of fast deuterons is discussed. 相似文献
992.
Kinetics of ultrasonic degradation and polymerisation degree distribution of sonochemically degraded chitosans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The process of physical degradation by means of the ultrasonic action towards chitosans with mole fraction of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-
-glucopyranose units (the degree of N-acetylation, FA) in the range of 0.10≤FA≤0.28, and the weight average polymerisation degree
in the range of
has been investigated. The decrease of
as well as changes in the distribution of the degree of polymerisation (P) has been determined as a function of time, FA, temperature, concentration of chitosan solution and concentration of acetic acid in the solution. The use of low-power ultrasound emitter allowed to establish that in the case of chitosan (binary heteropolysaccharide) the general rate parameter (k) increased with FA. This can be explained by the relatively stronger aggregation of macromolecules with higher FA, which results in size increase of macromolecular individuals and hence in their higher susceptibility to ultrasonic action. It was also observed that k decreased with chitosan concentration and temperature. The value of limiting degree of polimerisation (xe) was found to be influenced by structural parameters of chitosan chains (FA, aggregation). The increase of acetic acid concentration caused the increase in the k value, what indicated accelerating effect of ultrasound towards acidic hydrolysis of chitosan. The shape of the P curve of sonochemically degraded chitosans are in good correlation with the mid-point breakage concept of degradation accepted in sonochemical degradation of polymers. 相似文献
993.
Cell Cycle Activity and β-Tubulin Accumulation During Dormancy Breaking of Acer platanoides L. seeds
Cell cycle events in embryo axes of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) seeds were studied during dormancy breaking by flow cytometric analyses of the nuclear DNA content and by immunodetection
of β-tubulin. Most embryonic nuclei of dry, fully matured seeds were arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. In addition, the lowest content of β-tubulin was detected in dry, mature seeds. Imbibition in water
and cold stratification resulted in a decrease in the number of nuclei in G2, and a simultaneous increase in β-tubulin content. In germinated seeds the content of β-tubulin was the highest and the number
of cells in G2 was the lowest. Both cell cycle events preceded cell expansion and division and subsequent growth of the radicle through
the seed coat. The anatomical investigation has proved that the main reason for decrease in the number of nuclei in G2 is mitosis, started with seeds germination (radicle protrusion). The activation of the cell cycle and the β-tubulin accumulation
were associated with embryo dormancy breaking.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
994.
995.
Induction of the multixenobiotic/multidrug resistance system in various cell lines in response to perfluorinated carboxylic acids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The multixenobiotic resistance (closely related to multidrug resistance) system controls transport across the plasma membrane as a defense against toxic molecules. Multixenobiotic resistance system consists of an efflux pump, ABCB1 (also named P-glycoprotein, P-gp), and/or a molecule of the ABCC family (also named multiple resistance associated protein, MRP). ABCB1 is able to increase efflux of many low-molecular foreign molecules. Measuring system induction may be used as a biomarker of cell/organism exposure to foreign substances. Various established cell lines were tested for constitutive and induced multixenobiotic resistance proteins by Western blotting immunodetection. The pumping function was indirectly assayed with Rhodamine B by visualization of cell fluorescence in the presence of verapamil. Changes in ABC proteins were measured by flow cytometry after exposition to various perfluorinated carboxylic acids. MCF7 and HeLa cells were found to contain the highest constitutive level of both ABCB1 and ABCC1. HEK293 exhibited much less ABCB1 and no activity of pumping out Rhodamine B. The pumping activity was found to be related to the amount of the cell-type specific 170 kDa ABCB1 protein. An 8-day exposure to 10(-4) M perfluorononanoic acid resulted in about 2-2.5-fold increase of ABCB1 level. That was confirmed also for short times by flow cytometry of cells exposed to perfluorinated acids and its natural congeners. Both ABCB1- and ABCC1-related fluorescence increased along with the carbon chain in acids from C(6) up to C(9) and decreased for C(10). Measuring of multixenobiotic resistance changes in vitro induced by chemicals may be a convenient test for screening for their potential toxicity. 相似文献
996.
The worldwide rise in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria forces the development of alternative antimicrobial treatments. A potential approach is photodynamic inactivation (PDI). The aim of the present study was to determine the phototoxicity of protoporphyrin diarginate (PPArg(2)) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and human dermal fibroblasts. Different concentrations (0 to 20 microM) of PPArg(2) and light dose of 6 J cm(-2) were tested. Cell viability was evaluated using the methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay. Incubation with 10 microM followed by illumination yielded a 3.6 log(10)-unit reduction in the viable count for Staphylococcus aureus. At the same experimental conditions, only 22.5% of the fibroblasts were photoinactivated. Protoporphyrin diarginate at concentrations up to 20 microM demonstrated no toxicity towards S. aureus or fibroblasts when not irradiated. These results suggest that the protoporphyrin diarginate exerts a high bactericidal effect against methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain without harming eukaryotic cells. 相似文献
997.
Michalska M Pajak W Kołodziejska J Lazarenkow A Nawrot-Modranka J 《Acta biochimica Polonica》2008,55(3):613-617
The synthesis and antitumour and antibacterial activity of coumarin and chromone phosphorohydrazones have been reported. This study describes influence of phosphorohydrazones derivatives of coumarin and chromone on the polymerization and viscosity of fibrin. The fibrin polymerization assay was performed by the Shen and Lorand method and the clot viscosity was measured on the basis of Shen and Lorand and Marchi and coworkers methods. Among the eight compounds tested, one coumarin derivative and two chromone derivatives showed significant activity. 相似文献
998.
999.
Mrówka P Głodkowska E Młynarczuk-Biały I Biały L Kuckelkorn U Nowis D Makowski M Legat M Gołab J 《Acta biochimica Polonica》2008,55(1):75-84
Thiazolidinediones are oral antidiabetic agents that activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and exert potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has also been shown that PPAR-gamma agonists induce G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis of malignant cells. Some of these effects have been suggested to result from inhibition of proteasome activity in target cells. The aim of our studies was to critically evaluate the cytostatic/cytotoxic effects of one of thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone) and its influence on proteasome activity. Pioglitazone exerted dose-dependent cytostatic/cytotoxic effects in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Incubation of tumor cells with pioglitazone resulted in increased levels of p53 and p27 and decreased levels of cyclin D1. Accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins within cells incubated with pioglitazone suggested dysfunction of proteasome activity. However, we did not observe any influence of pioglitazone on the activity of isolated proteasome and on the proteolytic activity in lysates of pioglitazone-treated MIA PaCa-2 cells. Further, treatment with pioglitazone did not cause an accumulation of fluorescent proteasome substrates in transfected HeLa cells expressing unstable GFP variants. Our results indicate that pioglitazone does not act as a direct or indirect proteasome inhibitor. 相似文献
1000.
Tomasz Podgórski Krzysztof Schmidt Rafał Kowalczyk Agnieszka Gulczyńska 《Acta theriologica》2008,53(2):97-110
We studied microhabitat selection of the Eurasian lynxLynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) at 116 hunting and 88 resting sites in Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland) to describe its characteristics
and determine the importance of habitat structure for stalking prey and for security during resting. We identified lynx-used
sites by radio-tracking 3 male and 3 female lynx. When hunting, the lynx did not select for any type or age class of forest.
During both summer and winter, the lynx selected sites characterized by high complexity (number of structures useful for stalking:
fallen logs and branches, root plates, patches of dense bushes) and low visibility. In summer, hunting sites were often located
in the vicinity of small forest glades that provided good stalking opportunities for lynx and rich foraging resources for
roe deer — the main prey of lynx. The habitat at kill sites was more open than at sites where the prey was cached, with higher
visibility, lower density of trees and poorer undergrowth. The most important characteristic of resting sites was very low
visibility that resulted mainly from using young pine or spruce thickets in the winter and dense undergrowth of oak-lime-hornbeam
and ash-alder forests in the summer. The information provided by this study could have direct implications for Eurasian lynx
conservation by guiding forest restructuring to better suit the species’ biological requirements. 相似文献