Honeybee Colony Vibrational Measurements to Highlight the Brood Cycle

Insect pollination is of great importance to crop production worldwide and honey bees are amongst its chief facilitators. Because of the decline of managed colonies, the use of sensor technology is growing in popularity and it is of interest to develop new methods which can more accurately and less invasively assess honey bee colony status. Our approach is to use accelerometers to measure vibrations in order to provide information on colony activity and development. The accelerometers provide amplitude and frequency information which is recorded every three minutes and analysed for night time only. Vibrational data were validated by comparison to visual inspection data, particularly the brood development. We show a strong correlation between vibrational amplitude data and the brood cycle in the vicinity of the sensor. We have further explored the minimum data that is required, when frequency information is also included, to accurately predict the current point in the brood cycle. Such a technique should enable beekeepers to reduce the frequency with which visual inspections are required, reducing the stress this places on the colony and saving the beekeeper time.     

Preparation and isolation of a taste bud-derived fraction from bovine circumvallate papillae.

A crude extract from taste buds was prepared from circumvallate papillae of bovine tongues by a procedure consisting of freezing, coring, excision, treatment with hypotonic buffer, nitrogen pressurization and selective homogenization. Examination of taste buds by light and electron microscopy before and after this procedure indicated that some of the contents of the buds, mainly from the more apical portions, was extruded following the procedure; anatomical changes could not be observed in the epithelial tissue immediately surrounding the taste buds.