植物酶系统对UV-B辐射的响应机制

紫外辐射作为一种自然界存在的环境因子,影响着植物的生长发育。在植物从太阳辐射中获得光照和热量的同时,不可避免地要受到UV-B辐射的胁迫。植物在长期对环境的适应中,在体内形成了防御系统,以保护自身的安全,酶系统是其中之一。植物酶系统在实施防护的同时也受到了UV-B辐射的影响,信号分子对调节酶响应UV-B胁迫起了关键作用。本文重点论述了UV-B辐射增强下,植物酶系统的变化、植物酶系统的响应机制以及酶系统与信号物质的关系,并对该领域未来的研究方向提出了展望。     

Molecular systematics of the butterfly genus Ithomia (Lepidoptera: Ithomiinae): a composite phylogenetic hypothesis based on seven genes

Butterflies in the nymphalid subfamily Ithomiinae are brightly colored and involved in mimicry. Here we present a phylogenetic hypothesis for 23 of the 24 species in the genus Ithomia, based on seven different gene regions, representing 5 linkage groups and 4469 bp. We sequenced varying length regions of the following genes: (1) elongation factor 1alpha (Ef1alpha; 1028 bp); (2) tektin (tektin; 715 bp); (3) wingless (wg; 405 bp); (4) ribosomal protein L5 (RpL5; 722 bp, exons 1, 2, 3, and introns 1 and 2); and (5) mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I, II (Co1 and Co2 and intervening leucine tRNA; 1599 bp). The results show incongruence between some genetic loci, although when alternate topologies are compared statistically it was generally true that one topology was supported by a majority of loci sampled. This highlights the need to sample widely across the genome in order to obtain a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis. A combined evidence topology is presented based on a Bayesian analysis of all the gene regions, except the fast-evolving RpL5. The resulting hypothesis is concordant with the most probable relationships determined from our topological comparisons, although in some parts of the tree relationships remain weakly supported. The tree suggests diversification has largely occurred within biogeographic regions such as Central America, the Amazon, the southern and northern Andes, with only occasional dispersal (or vicariance) between such regions. This phylogenetic hypothesis can now be used to investigate patterns of diversification across the genus, such as the potential role of color pattern changes in speciation.     

胶州湾滨海湿地土壤有机碳时空分布及储量

在胶州湾选取芦苇、碱蓬、光滩及大米草4种典型滨海湿地类型,分季节和层次采集土壤样品,测定土壤有机碳含量,分析滨海湿地土壤有机碳的时空分布及储量.结果表明: 垂直方向上,除光滩湿地沿剖面呈先减小后稍有上升的趋势外,其他湿地均随土壤深度的增加而减小;水平方向上,湿地土壤有机碳含量表现为大米草湿地>光滩湿地>碱蓬湿地>芦苇湿地;季节上,湿地土壤有机碳含量表现为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季.土壤有机碳含量与土壤含盐量、含水率、TN及C/N呈正相关,与土壤容重、pH值呈负相关.不同类型湿地土壤剖面有机碳密度表现为光滩湿地>芦苇湿地>碱蓬湿地,湿地类型对土壤有机碳含量和有机碳密度分布的影响存在一定差异.因储碳层厚度及储碳层内有机碳密度的差异,光滩湿地单位面积有机碳储量明显高于碱蓬和芦苇湿地,具有较大的储碳潜能,对研究区滨海湿地起到一定的碳汇作用.     

Variation in male reproductive traits among three bitterling fishes (Acheilognathinae: Cyprinidae) in relation to the mating system

Male traits that correlate with fertilization success include testis size and structure, ejaculate size, ejaculation frequency, and sperm motility. Two hypotheses potentially explain interspecific differences in these traits: sperm competition and sperm limitation. We examined variation in six traits associated with fertilization success in three closely‐related species of bitterling fish; the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), the Chinese rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus), and the Chinese bitterling (Rhodeus sinensis). Interspecific differences indicated that the three study species have evolved different sperm allocation strategies. Rhodeus amarus displayed the most developed reproductive apparatus with a number of traits associated with both high levels of sperm production and fertilization efficiency. Rhodeus ocellatus and R. sinensis appear to have more comparable sperm allocation strategies, although relative testis size and spermatozoa head : tail ratio were greater in R. sinensis, suggesting that sperm competition risk may be higher in this species. All three species possessed an unusually well developed sperm duct with evidence of mucin production, which greatly extends the longevity of sperm and, consequently, the period over which fertilization can occur. We discuss these findings in the context of differences in the mating systems of the species examined, and relate the results obtained to differences in the temporal and spatial clustering of fertilizations. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 103 , 622–632.     

新生儿病区产ESBLs大肠埃希菌整合子及其耐药性分析

目的 了解新生儿病区产ESBLs大肠埃希菌整合子的携带情况及其耐药性.方法 采用K-B琼脂扩散法对56株产ESBLs大肠埃希菌进行药敏试验;应用PCR法检测Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类整合子;以肠杆菌科重复序列-聚合酶链式反应(ERIC-PCR)进行基因分型.结果 56株产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的Ⅰ类整合子检出率为60.7％,未检出Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类整合子;菌株对庆大霉素、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、复方新诺明、头孢唑林、氨曲南、头孢他啶的耐药率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),阳性菌株的耐药率高于阴性菌株;56株大肠埃希菌分为45种基因型.结论 Ⅰ类整合子广泛存在于新生儿病区产ESBLs大肠埃希菌并与其耐药性相关.     

Isolation and characterization of six microsatellite markers in the large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson)

Six polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized using an enriched library technique in the large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson, 1864), a commercially important marine fish in China. They showed PIC (polymorphism information content) ranging from 0.064 to 0.885 (average of 0.580) and allele numbers ranging from two to 13 (average of 7.5), which were useful for the studies on population genetics and selective breeding of the large yellow croaker.     

甘蔗MOC1基因(ScMOC1)的克隆与表达分析

MONOCULM 1(MOC1)基因在植物腋分生组织和腋芽的形成中发挥重要作用,是植物分蘖关键调控基因。本研究利用同源基因克隆法结合RT-PCR、RACE技术从甘蔗品种ROC22中克隆获得MOC1的同源基因,命名为Sc MOC1。生物信息学分析发现该基因的c DNA序列包含一个长度为1299 bp的开放阅读框,编码432个氨基酸残基组成的含有GRAS保守结构域的非分泌蛋白,其分子量为45.43 k D,理化等电点p I为6.98。序列比对分析显示Sc MOC1与高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)、赖草(Leymus secalinus(Georgi)Tzvel.)、水稻(Oryza sativa L.)等禾本科植物同源蛋白氨基酸序列一致性较高;系统进化树分析显示其与高粱、小米草(Setaria italica(L.)P.Beauv.)、玉米(Zea mays L.)等禾本科植物MOC1同源蛋白亲缘关系最近;Sc MOC1在甘蔗品种ROC22中的序列变异分析发现,30个克隆得到的序列中共有46个SNP位点和29处In Del位点,其中1个位点发生的单个碱基缺失和另一个位点的4个碱基插入是造成基因编码蛋白序列变化的主要原因。中性检测表明,Sc MOC1在ROC22中遵循中性进化模型。采用实时荧光定量PCR分析Sc MOC1在甘蔗品种ROC22分蘖期不同组织部位(根、茎、叶、分蘖芽、叶鞘、生长点)、茎尖生长点和不同发育阶段腋芽(幼嫩腋芽、半大腋芽、较大腋芽、成熟休眠腋芽)的表达特征,结果显示Sc MOC1在分蘖期的ROC22中的表达具有组织特异性,在生命活跃的茎尖生长点处表达量最高;在腋芽形成发育过程中该基因表达总体呈现出"升-降-升-降"的趋势,说明Sc MOC1基因可能在甘蔗腋芽形成发育阶段中发挥作用。以上研究可推测Sc MOC1在甘蔗的分蘖性状调控上扮演重要的角色。本研究为Sc MOC1的功能研究及其在甘蔗产量分子辅助育种中的利用奠定基础。     

絮凝酵母SPSC01连续培养最适生长条件的研究

采用均匀设计实验法对气升式内环流生物反应器中絮凝酵母SPSC01的高密度培养条件进行了研究,确定了各因素与目标函数之间的关系,并通过综合调优,获得该菌株的最佳培养条件：温度30℃;通气量0714vvm;培养基组成为：双酶法制备的玉米糖化液,糖浓度为220g/L,添加4 mL/L玉米浆和3g/L（NH4）2HPO4;稀释速率控制为0.02h－1。在上述条件下进行絮凝酵母的连续培养,培养液中的酵母细胞密度达到了20g(d.w)/L以上。     

干扰素诱导Mx—Cre转基因小鼠表达的重组酶活性的体外检测

利用PCR、Western blot、免疫组化、免疫金标电镜、Southern blot从DNA水平,蛋白水平分析干扰素诱导后Mx-Cre转基因小鼠肝组织中Cre重组酶的表达及其表达产物的活性,在对Mx-Cre转基因小鼠基因组中整合有cre基因进行确定后,通过干扰素诱导Mx-Cre转基因小鼠表达Cre重组酶,结果表明转基因小鼠肝细胞核和细胞质中均有Cre重组酶的表达,并在超微水平进一步证实,将含表达的Cre重组酶的肝细胞核抽提液加入到带有loxP位点的DNA中进行重组,分析证明Mx-Cre转基因小鼠表达的Cre重组酶具有重组活性,从而建立了体外检测Mx-Cre转基因re重组酶活性的方法。     

中国高校校园植物的多样性分析

城市生物多样性与人类生活密切相关,而校园植物是其中的重要一环。本研究统计了39个中国高校校园的完整植物名录,并对其进行区域划分,进而研究各区域内校园植物的多样性和区域间植物组成的相似性。此外,我们还选取了两个常见行道树分布的科——樟科(Lauraceae)和杨柳科(Salicaceae),分析它们在不同纬度校园间分布的差异性。结果显示,我国南方地区校园植物的多样性较高,但各区域间较为相似,相似性系数在0.675～0.721;北方地区的校园植物虽然丰富度较低,但各区域间的差异较大,相似性系数在0.417～0.609。与东、西部地区相比,同纬度中部地区的校园植物特异性较低。樟科植物的丰富度从南向北依次递减,杨柳科植物的种丰富度从南向北依次递增。地理环境和气候因素导致了这些差异的形成。这些信息有助于各地校园合理配置植物,并将为各地区城市生态系统的管理提供参考。