新疆汉、回、维吾尔、哈萨克族新生儿HbF中~Gγ／~Aγ、~Aγ~I／~Aγ~T比值测定及两例异常者的γ基因图谱分析

作者用高效液相层析（ＨＰＬＣ）法测定了汉、回、维吾尔（维）、哈萨克（哈）族新生儿胎儿血红蛋白（ＨｂＦ）中~Ｇγ／~Ａγ、~Ａγ~Ｉ／~Ａγ~Ｔ比值,共３７２例,其中汉族和回族各１０２例、维族９９例、哈族６９例。％~Ｇγ（~Ｇγ／~Ａγ）均值：汉、回、维、哈族分别为６６．８３％、６８．３３％、７０．４４％和６９．７０％。低~Ｇγ者（＜５０％）４例：其中回族３例、哈族１例。高~Ｇγ者（＞８０％）２５例：汉和哈族各５例、回族４例,维族１１例。发现~Ａγ~Ｔ杂合子９９例分别为：汉２１例、回２３例、维２６例、哈族２９例。４个民族各发现１例~Ａγ~Ｔ纯合子。％~Ａγ~Ｉ（~Ａγ~Ｉ／~Ａγ~Ｔ）均值：汉５６．８３％、回５５．５８％、维５０．９４％、哈５４．６８％。~Ａγ~Ｔ基因频率依次为０．１１３、０．１２３、０．１４１及０．２２５。两例比值异常者（１例维族高~Ｇγ８５．４２％、~Ａγ~Ｔ杂合体。１例回族低~Ｇγ４３．４％,~Ａγ~Ｉ纯合体）经γ基因图谱分析,确定高~Ｇγ值者γ珠蛋白基因型为－~Ｇγ－~（ＡＧ）γ－~Ａγ~Ｔ（~Ａγ~Ｉ）－／－~Ｇγ－~Ａγ~Ｉ,（~Ａγ~Ｔ）－;低~Ｇγ值者为－~（ＧＡ）γ~Ｉ－／－~Ｇγ－~Ａγ~Ｉ－。     

人蚤(Pulex irritans Linn.)及猫栉头蚤(Ctenocephalides felis Bouché)小志

人蚤及猫栉头蚤是家庭内常见的两种跳蚤。它们的分布遍及全世界。关于它们的调查和研究,世界各地曾有很多报告。作者在北京(1950—51     

Developmental biology of the early Cambrian cnidarian Olivooides

Fossilized embryos afford direct insight into the pattern of development in extinct organisms, providing unique tests of hypotheses of developmental evolution based in comparative embryology. However, these fossils can only be effective in this role if their embryology and phylogenetic affinities are well constrained. We elucidate and interpret the development of Olivooides from embryonic and adult stages and use these data to discriminate among competing interpretations of their anatomy and affinity. The embryology of Olivooides is principally characterized by the development of an ornamented periderm that initially forms externally and is subsequently formed internally, released at the aperture, facilitating the direct development of the embryo into an adult theca. Internal anatomy is known only from embryonic stages, revealing two internal tissue layers, the innermost of which is developed into three transversally arranged walls that partly divide the lumen into an abapertural region, interpreted as the gut of a polyp, and an adapertural region that includes structures that resemble the peridermal teeth of coronate scyphozoans. The anatomy and pattern of development exhibited by Olivooides appears common to the other known genus of olivooid, Quadrapyrgites, which differs in its tetraradial, as opposed to pentaradial symmetry. We reject previous interpretations of the olivooids as cycloneuralians, principally on the grounds that they lack a through gut and introvert, in embryo and adult. Instead we consider the affinities of the olivooids among medusozoan cnidarians; our phylogenetic analysis supports their classification as total‐group Coronata, within crown‐Scyphozoa. Olivooides and Quadrapyrgites evidence a broader range of life history strategies and bodyplan symmetry than is otherwise commonly represented in extant Scyphozoa specifically, and Cnidaria more generally.     

Identification and Phylogenetic Classification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pennisetum</Emphasis> (Poaceae) Ornamental Grasses Based on SSR Locus Polymorphisms

Pennisetum species are widely used as ornamental grasses and may be a valuable genetic resource for their breeding to broaden its genetic basis. At present, new ornamental Pennisetum cultivars are primarily bred via somaclone, which increases the number of variants. It is difficult to estimate whether the suspected variants are authentic in genetic features by morphological traits because of their many limitations. Moreover, although the phylogenetic classification of the Pennisetum genus has been approved in some morphological and cytological studies, genetic evidence is lacking. In the present study, we developed 15 specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with a large amount of polymorphisms and strong distinguishing abilities for Pennisetum ornamental grasses using magnetic bead enrichment. These markers, together with the other 11 reported polymorphic SSRs, were further used for the identification of a broad collection of 55 Pennisetum samples, including nine original taxa and 46 suspected variants. After comparing the genetic characteristics between each variant and its corresponding original taxon, we verified 20 suspected variants that possess the potential to become new, commercially desirable cultivars. The nine original taxa and the 20 verified variants were identified based on the polymorphisms of six core loci, and unique molecular identities with 15 denary digits for each taxon were further established. The rationality of the traditional phylogenetic classification system of the Pennisetum genus was further verified using 147 polymorphic alleles. The present study promotes the protection, registration, breeding, and international communication of Pennisetum ornamental grasses.