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51.
52.
Shashi Kumar Frederick M Hahn Colleen M McMahan Katrina Cornish Maureen C Whalen 《BMC plant biology》2009,9(1):131
Background
Parthenium argentatum (guayule) is an industrial crop that produces latex, which was recently commercialized as a source of latex rubber safe for people with Type I latex allergy. The complete plastid genome of P. argentatum was sequenced. The sequence provides important information useful for genetic engineering strategies. Comparison to the sequences of plastid genomes from three other members of the Asteraceae, Lactuca sativa, Guitozia abyssinica and Helianthus annuus revealed details of the evolution of the four genomes. Chloroplast-specific DNA barcodes were developed for identification of Parthenium species and lines. 相似文献53.
C. Scott Mahan Maria Walusimbi Denise F. Johnson Christina Lancioni Edwin Charlebois Joyce Baseke Keith A. Chervenak Roy D. Mugerwa Diane V. Havlir Harriet Mayanja-Kizza Christopher C. Whalen W. Henry Boom for the Uganda-Case Western Research Collaboration 《PloS one》2010,5(2)
Background
Both HIV and TB cause a state of heightened immune activation. Immune activation in HIV is associated with progression to AIDS. Prior studies, focusing on persons with advanced HIV, have shown no decline in markers of cellular activation in response to TB therapy alone.Methodology
This prospective cohort study, composed of participants within a larger phase 3 open-label randomized controlled clinical trial, measured the impact of TB treatment on immune activation in persons with non-advanced HIV infection (CD4>350 cells/mm3) and pulmonary TB. HIV load, CD4 count, and markers of immune activation (CD38 and HLA-DR on CD4 and CD8 T cells) were measured prior to starting, during, and for 6 months after completion of standard 6 month anti-tuberculosis (TB) therapy in 38 HIV infected Ugandans with smear and culture confirmed pulmonary TB.Results
Expression of CD38, and co-expression of CD38 and HLA-DR, on CD8 cells declined significantly within 3 months of starting standard TB therapy in the absence of anti-retroviral therapy, and remained suppressed for 6 months after completion of therapy. In contrast, HIV load and CD4 count remained unchanged throughout the study period.Conclusion
TB therapy leads to measurable decreases in immune activation in persons with HIV/TB co-infection and CD4 counts >350 cells/mm3. 相似文献54.
Myosin isozyme transitions occurring during the postnatal development of the rat soleus muscle 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
The myosin isozymes present in the developing rat soleus muscle from 1 week to 6 weeks after birth were investigated using biochemical and immunological methods. Electrophoresis of native myosin reveals that adult slow myosin is present in the soleus as early as 1 week after birth. At this time, embryonic and neonatal myosin can also be demonstrated. Using an immunotransfer technique, the presence of slow myosin heavy chain can be demonstrated at all time points examined whereas neonatal myosin heavy chain diminishes in quantity between 2 and 3 weeks, and is undetectable in the adult soleus. Specific polyclonal antibodies were prepared to embryonic, neonatal, and adult fast and slow myosins. Immunocytochemistry reveals a cellular heterogeneity at all stages examined. Different combinations of myosin isozymes can be found in the soleus fibers depending on the stage of development; these results suggest therefore that myosin isozyme transitions are occurring. Approximately half the fibers contain embryonic and slow myosin at 1 week after birth; these fibers subsequently contain only slow myosin. A second group of fibers contains embryonic and neonatal myosin at 1 week and most of them subsequently accumulate adult fast myosin. A portion of this latter group begins to acquire slow myosin from 4 weeks of age. These data are interpreted to suggest that a preprogrammed sequence of myosin isozymes is embryonic----neonatal----adult fast. At any time during development of an individual fiber, induction of slow myosin accumulation and repression of other types can occur. 相似文献
55.
Comparison of the phosphodiesterase inhibitory subunit interactions of frog and bovine rod outer segments. 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
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The rod outer segments of the bovine and frog retina possess a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) that is composed of two larger subunits, alpha and beta (P alpha beta), which contain the catalytic activity and a smaller gamma (P gamma) subunit which inhibits the catalytic activity. We studied the binding of P gamma to P alpha beta in both the bovine and frog rod outer segment membranes. Analysis of these data indicates that there are two classes of P gamma binding sites per P alpha beta in both species. The activation of PDE by the guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate form of the alpha subunit of transducin, T alpha.GTP gamma S, was also studied. These data indicate that the two classes of P gamma binding sites contribute to the formation of two classes of binding sites for T alpha.GTP gamma S. We demonstrate solubilization of a portion of the P gamma by T alpha.GTP gamma S in both species. There is also present, in both species, a second class of P gamma which is not solubilized even when it is dissociated from its inhibitory site on P alpha beta by T alpha.GTP gamma S. The amount of full PDE activity which results from release of the solubilizable P gamma is about 50% in the frog PDE but only approx. 17% in the bovine PDE. We also show that activation of frog rod outer segment PDE by trypsin treatment releases the PDE from the membranes. This type of release by trypsin has already been demonstrated in bovine rod outer segments [Wensel & Stryer (1986) Proteins: Struct. Funct. Genet. 1, 90-99]. 相似文献
56.
Saravanan Munisankar Anuradha Rajamanickam Suganthi Balasubramanian Satishwaran Muthusamy Chandra Kumar Dolla Pradeep Aravindan Menon Ponnuraja Chinnayan Christopher Whalen Paschaline Gumne Inderdeep Kaur Varma Nadimpalli Akshay Deverakonda Zhenhao Chen John David Otto Tesfalidet Habitegiyorgis Harish Kandaswamy Thomas B. Nutman Subash Babu 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2022,16(7)
BackgroundThe prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection is estimated to be 30–100 million worldwide, although this an underestimate. Most cases remain undiagnosed due to the asymptomatic nature of the infection. We wanted to estimate the seroprevalence of S. stercoralis infection in a South Indian adult population.MethodsTo this end, we performed community-based screening of 2351 individuals (aged 18–65) in Kanchipuram District of Tamil Nadu between 2013 and 2020. Serological testing for S. stercoralis was performed using the NIE ELISA.ResultsOur data shows a seroprevalence of 33% (768/2351) for S. stercoralis infection which had a higher prevalence among males 36% (386/1069) than among females 29.8% (382/1282). Adults aged ≥55 (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.25–2.18) showed higher adjusted odds of association compared with other age groups. Eosinophil levels (39%) (aOR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.19–1.74) and hemoglobin levels (24%) (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11–1.53) were significantly associated with S. stercoralis infection. In contrast, low BMI (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.82–1.61) or the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.83–1.69) was not associated with S. stercoralis seropositivity.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence for a very high baseline prevalence of S. stercoralis infection in South Indian communities and this information could provide realistic and concrete planning of control measures. 相似文献
57.
Methane oxidation rates observed in a topsoil covering a retired landfill are the highest reported (45 g m−2 day−1) for any environment. This microbial community had the capacity to rapidly oxidize CH4 at concentrations ranging from <1 ppm (microliters per liter) (first-order rate constant [k] = −0.54 h−1) to >104 ppm (k = −2.37 h−1). The physiological characteristics of a methanotroph isolated from the soil (characteristics determined in aqueous medium) and the natural population, however, were similar to those of other natural populations and cultures: the Q10 and optimum temperature were 1.9 and 31°C, respectively, the apparent half-saturation constant was 2.5 to 9.3 μM, and 19 to 69% of oxidized CH4 was assimilated into biomass. The CH4 oxidation rate of this soil under waterlogged (41% [wt/vol] H2O) conditions, 6.1 mg liter−1 day−1, was near rates reported for lake sediment and much lower than the rate of 116 mg liter−1 day−1 in the same soil under moist (11% H2O) conditions. Since there are no large physiological differences between this microbial community and other CH4 oxidizers, we attribute the high CH4 oxidation rate in moist soil to enhanced CH4 transport to the microorganisms; gas-phase molecular diffusion is 104-fold faster than aqueous diffusion. These high CH4 oxidation rates in moist soil have implications that are important in global climate change. Soil CH4 oxidation could become a negative feedback to atmospheric CH4 increases (and warming) in areas that are presently waterlogged but are projected to undergo a reduction in summer soil moisture. 相似文献
58.
59.
beta-Chloro-L-alanine inhibition of the Escherichia coli alanine-valine transaminase. 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
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beta-Chloro-L-alanine, an amino acid analog which inhibits a number of enzymes, reversibly inhibited the Escherichia coli K-12 alanine-valine transaminase, transaminase C. This inhibition, along with the inhibition of transaminase B, accounted for the isoleucine-plus-valine requirement of E. coli in the presence of beta-chloro-L-alanine. 相似文献
60.
Co-expression of multiple myosin heavy chain genes, in addition to a tissue-specific one, in extraocular musculature 总被引:17,自引:3,他引:14
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D F Wieczorek M Periasamy G S Butler-Browne R G Whalen B Nadal-Ginard 《The Journal of cell biology》1985,101(2):618-629
We have investigated the developmental transitions of myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene expression in the rat extraocular musculature (EOM) at the mRNA level using S1-nuclease mapping techniques and at the protein level by polypeptide mapping and immunochemistry. We have isolated a genomic clone, designated lambda 10B3, corresponding to an MHC gene which is expressed in the EOM fibers (recti and oblique muscles) of the adult rat but not in hind limb muscles. Using cDNA and genomic probes for MHC genes expressed in skeletal (embryonic, neonatal, fast oxidative, fast glycolytic, and slow/cardiac beta-MHC), cardiac (alpha-MHC), and EOM (lambda 10B3) muscles, we demonstrate the concomitant expression at the mRNA level of at least six different MHC genes in adult EOM. Protein and immunochemical analyses confirm the presence of at least four different MHC types in EOM. Immunocytochemistry demonstrates that different myosin isozymes tend to segregate into individual myofibers, although some fibers seem to contain more than one MHC type. The results also show that the EOM fibers exhibit multiple patterns of MHC gene regulation. One set of fibers undergoes a sequence of isoform transitions similar to the one described for limb skeletal muscles, whereas other EOM myofiber populations arrest the MHC transition at the embryonic, neonatal/adult, or adult EOM-specific stage. Thus, the MHC gene family is not under the control of a strict developmental clock, but the individual genes can modify their expression by tissue-specific and/or environmental factors. 相似文献