Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Black Ginseng

In recent years, black ginseng, a new type of processed ginseng product, has attracted the attention of scholars globally. Ginsenoside and ginseng polysaccharide, the main active substances of black ginseng, have been shown to carry curative effects for many diseases. This article focuses on the mechanism of their action in anti-inflammatory response, which is mainly divided into three aspects: activation of immune cells to exert immune regulatory response; participation in inflammatory response-related pathways and regulation of the expression level of inflammatory factors; effect on the metabolic activity of intestinal flora. This study identifies active anti-inflammatory components and an action mechanism of black ginseng showing multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel characteristics, providing ideas and a basis for a follow-up in-depth study of its specific mechanism.     

pH对灵芝液态发酵代谢物及抗氧化活性的影响

已有研究报道灵芝栽培生长的最适pH在中性偏酸环境,在碱性范围的生长及代谢情况鲜见报道。本研究主要探究广泛pH对灵芝液态发酵代谢物及其抗氧化活性的影响。采用摇瓶液态培养后分析代谢物中灵芝三萜、胞内外多糖、菌丝体蛋白及抗氧化活性等指标,系统比较灵芝菌丝体在pH值2-11的生长和代谢情况。研究结果表明,灵芝菌丝体生长、合成灵芝三萜、胞内多糖、30E胞外多糖、菌丝体蛋白和菌丝体水解氨基酸的最适pH值分别为10、3、2、7、2和2。对应结果分别为17.13 g/L、33.86 mg/g、72.73 mg/g、7.86 g/L、71.42 mg/g和107.10 mg/g。比对照分别提高28.5%、77.3%、22.4%、96.5%、97.1%和70.8%。胞内多糖组分1和组分2最高分子量均在初始pH 4,分别为1.016×10⁸ g/mol和9.280×10⁴ g/mol,胞外多糖组分1最高分子量在初始pH 10,为4.946×10⁶ g/mol;对菌丝体的总抗氧化能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力分析结果表明最佳的初始pH分别为3、7、9。本研究为液态发酵方式下灵芝生长及其代谢物定向调控发酵的工艺优化提供参考依据,同时发现灵芝菌丝体中优质蛋白及抗氧化活性可在功能性食品和化妆品领域推广应用。     

《中国真菌志》50年编研成果及展望

历经几代真菌人的艰苦奋斗,《中国真菌志》目前已出版65卷,其中子囊菌类有35卷、担子菌类26卷、接合菌类1卷、卵菌1卷、黏菌2卷;上述卷册记录923属9 228种及种下分类群。编研涉及大型和小型的类群、腐生菌、食药用菌、菌根真菌、作物和林木病原菌、捕食性真菌、虫生菌、菌生真菌以及毒菌等。编研过程中发现并发表了大量新分类群,丰富了对菌物物种多样性的认知。归纳已有成果,已立项卷册应加快编研和出版进度;资源调查与分类学研究需进一步加强,按分类群(专科、专属)继续开展编研工作,注重拟参编类群的前期研究积累;以下分类群值得在后续工作中予以关注：水霉目等部分卵菌、壶菌类、座囊菌纲部分类群、盘菌纲和锤舌菌纲中尚未参编的主要类群、伞菌纲中具有小型子实体的类群等。由于分类系统在不断更新和完善,已出版卷册中使用的部分名称和分类地位的处理需依据被大多数学者所公认的分类系统给予适时的订正。期待建设一支继往开来的菌物分类学研究队伍,不断取得令世人瞩目的编研成果,为我国菌物资源利用和物种保护提供科学依据。     

Low root zone temperature favours shoot B partitioning into young leaves of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

In previous studies with tropical plant species, low root zone temperature (RZT) induced boron (B) deficiency, but it is not known if the same response to RZT will be expressed in temperate species, like oilseed rape, that are more tolerant of low temperature. The present experiments investigated the effect of RZT (10 and 20°C) on oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L. cv. Hyola 42) response to B in solution culture, in summer and winter. Regardless of canopy growth conditions, low RZT (10°C) promoted the partitioning of shoot B to the actively growing leaves, especially when B supply was low. However, low RZT did not significantly alter net B uptake rates or plant biomass. Low RZT decreased the shoot-to-root ratio, countering the effects of low B which increased it, leading to a decreased demand for B in the shoot at low RZT. At low B supply, B-deficiency symptoms appeared later at 10 than at 20°C, corresponding with higher B concentrations in the youngest fully opened leaves (YOLs) at 10°C RZT. Thus 10°C RZT increased the tolerance to low B supply. As a result, it is concluded that the effect of decreasing RZT on the responses of the temperate species, oilseed rape, to low B supply depends on whether the low RZT is above or below the optimal root temperature for growth.     

促甲状腺激素对甲状腺细胞胞内游离钙和钙调蛋白的影响

本文研究TSH和forskolin对原代培养的猪甲状腺细胞[Ca~(2+)]_i和钙调蛋白的影响。结果表明,TSH可引起甲状腺细胞[Ca~(2+)]_1急性升高。此反应是剂量依赖关系,而与细胞外钙的存在与否无关。其反应性在细胞单层高于细胞是液,近汇合细胞单层高于汇合细胞单层。TSH作用3天,可使甲状腺细胞的钙调蛋白含量增高,此作用与TSH对甲状腺细胞数的影响无关。Forskolin对甲状腺细胞的[Ca~(2+)]_i和钙调蛋白均无明显的影响。     

Effect of cellulases on spontaneous fusion of maize protoplasts

Summary The effect of protoplast-isolating enzymes on spontaneous fusion of maize protoplasts (Zea mays L. cv. Black Mexican Sweet) was investigated using a convenient ethidium bromide nuclear staining procedure. After 2–2.5 hour digestion in an enzyme solution containing 1% Cellulysin, 0.5% Rhozyme, and 0.02% Pectolyase Y-23, 50–75% of the protoplasts contained multiple nuclei. The cellulase Cellulysin was identified as the factor causing the spontaneous protoplast fusion; when Cellulysin was replaced by CELF cellulase, most protoplasts were uninucleate. Calcium and other components in the enzyme solution did not affect spontaneous fusion. Cellulysin also increased the percentage of multinucleate protoplasts from rice and asparagus suspensions. Presence of multiple nuclei might affect genetic manipulations involving protoplasts.     

高产中性蛋白酶菌株的筛选、优化及中试放大

为筛选分离得到具有高产中性蛋白酶能力的菌株,同时研究菌株的发酵条件,在牛粪、猪粪堆肥时期采集样品,在以干酪素为唯一碳源的固体培养基上筛选分离得到19株产蛋白酶菌株。选取其中1株产酶效果最好的菌株PC2,其水解圈D/d值为4.25,酶活为10.74 U·mL^-1。结合形态学、生理生化以及16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定结果,认定其为枯草芽孢杆菌,革兰氏阳性菌。进一步对其进行摇瓶和中试放大条件优化,LB培养基37℃活化24 h,干酪素发酵培养基30℃发酵48 h,转速为180 r·min^-1。中试放大具体参数:50 L种子罐180～240 r·min^-1,通气量20～30 L·min^-1。500 L发酵罐:添加1%小麦蛋白粉,100～180 r·min^-1,通气量10～25 L·min^-1。发酵结束活菌含量44.58亿·mL^-1,酶活29.48 U·mL^-1,是初始值的2.745倍。研究结果可为探究含中性蛋白酶菌株的微...     

Circular RNA circ‐RCCD promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation in mouse embryo development via recruiting YY1 to the promoter of MyD88

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, affecting approximately 1% of live births. Genetic and environmental factors are leading factors to CHD, but the mechanism of CHD pathogenesis remains unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are kinds of endogenous non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially in heart diseases. In this study, three significant differently expressed circRNA between maternal embryonic day (E) E13 and E17 was found by microarray assay. Among them, the content of circ‐RCCD increases with the development of heart and was enriched in primary cardiomyocytes of different species, which arouses our attention. Functional experiments revealed that inhibition of circ‐RCCD dramatically suppressed the formation of beating cell clusters, the fluorescence intensity of cardiac differentiation marker MF20, and the expression of the myocardial‐specific markers CTnT, Mef2c, and GATA4. Next, we found that circ‐RCCD was involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation through negative regulation of MyD88 expression. Further experiments proved that circ‐RCCD inhibited MyD88 levels by recruiting YY1 to the promoter of MyD88; circ‐RCCD inhibited nuclear translocation of YY1. These results reported that circ‐RCCD promoted cardiomyocyte differentiation by recruiting YY1 to the promoter of MyD88. And, this study provided a potential role and molecular mechanism of circ‐RCCD as a target for the treatment of CHD.