海南捕鸟蛛毒素及体液的抗菌活性研究

采用杯碟法研究了海南虎纹捕鸟蛛粗毒和体液对革兰氏阴性菌、阳性菌、霉菌和酵母的抑菌效果。结果表明,粗毒和体液均能抑制革兰氏阳性菌、阴性菌和霉菌的生长,但对酵母无抑制效果,并且粗毒和体液有一定的协同抗菌作用。     

Ca2+/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶在细胞增殖中的作用

钙调蛋白(calmodulin,CaM)是Ca2 的受体蛋白,活化的CaM经Ca2 /CaM依赖性蛋白激酶(Ca2 /calmodulin dependent protein kinases,CaMKs途)径,影响细胞的生长和分裂。CaMKs在调节不同组织正常细胞及恶性细胞的细胞周期进程、核转录及信号转导的过程中发挥重要作用,通过不同机制及Ca2 /CaM依赖性激酶激酶诱导的相关级联反应影响多种细胞的增殖。对CaMKs主要成员CaMKI、CaMKII、CaMKIII、CaMKIV的生物学特点以及其在细胞增殖中作用的最新研究进展进行了综述。     

人谷胱甘肽S-转移酶pi(GSTp)中半胱氨酸对其在细胞氧化应激下功能的影响

利用PCR定点突变技术构建人GSTp三种半胱氨酸突变体C~(47/101)、C~(14/47/101)和C~(14/47/101/169)。将CSTp 野生型和突变体表达质粒转染293细胞,以CDNB 为底物测定胞内GST 的转移酶活性,结果显示各类突变体均明显抑制了细胞内源性CST 的催化活性,具有显著的负显性(dominant nega-tive)突变体的功能;将CSTp 野生型和突变体与c-Jun、NF-kB 和p53的报告基因载体共转染,通过萤光素酶活性测定发现突变体C~(14/47/101)和C~(14/47/101/169)能明显激活c-Jun 和p21的转录活性;Western印迹分析显示突变体均能上调细胞内p21蛋白的水平,细胞存活率的测定表明GSTp 突变体能增强293细胞对H_2O_2刺激的敏感性;实验结果表明半胱氨酸残基对于维持GSTp 在对抗细胞氧化应激过程中的保护作用至关重要。     

杜氏盐藻质膜ATPase在渗透调节中的可能作用

杜氏盐藻是一种以甘油为渗透调节物质的单细胞海藻,能够在0.08～5.0mol/L NaGl的培养液中生长。当外界NaGl浓度从0.5mol/L上升到4.0mol/L时,藻细胞内的Na~+和K~+含量变化不大,甘油含量则从6.20Pg/cell上升到51.50pg/cell。当藻细胞承受2.0mol/L到3.0mol/L NaCl的高渗胁迫时,能通过增加细胞内甘油含量来恢复原有形态;同时,藻细胞的H~+分泌增加,ATP含量下降;20μmol/L Na_3VO_4抑制了这些变化。KGN处理虽降低藻细胞内的ATP含量,却增加K~+外流和Na~+内渗。     

Mg~(2+)和SeO_3~(2-)对鸡胚软骨细胞受模拟微重力不良影响的拮抗

在回转模拟微重力条件下 ,研究了鸡胚负重软骨细胞骨架的微管系统和碱性磷酸酶活性两项指标的变化 ,以及 1mg/L亚硒酸钠和 5mmol/LMg2 + 对这些指标的影响 .流式细胞仪对微管含量的测定显示回转后微管蛋白含量的减少 ,说明微管系统受到不良影响 .碱性磷酸酶活性比对照组明显降低 ,表明模拟微重力能降低软骨细胞的钙化能力 .如果在回转前加入SeO2 -3 和Mg2 + ,发现SeO2 -3 可以在一定程度上拮抗模拟微重力引起的微管蛋白及碱性磷酸酶活性改变 ,而Mg2 + 基本上可以完全拮抗模拟微重力对这两项指标的不良影响     

Con A affinity glycoproteomics of normal human liver tissue

In order to establish the novel high throughput, high efficiency and Iow cost technological platform for the research of N-glycoproteomics, to resolve the significance of characteristic expression profile of glycoprotein and to find the proteins with biological functional importance, the glycoproteins with high-mannose core and the two antennary types were purified and enriched by the Con A affinity chromatography. Con A affinity protein expression profiles of normal human liver tissue were generated by using SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by fast fluorescence staining based on multiplexed proteomics (MP) technology. 301 visible protein spots on the gel were detected and 85 of glycoproteins were further successfully identified via peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) by a matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS/MS) and annotated to IPI databases. Identified glycoproteins definitely take part in the regulation of cell cycle and metabolic processes. The glycosylation sites were predicted with NetNGlyc 1.0 and NetOGlyc 3.1 software, meanwhile they were classified according to the geneontology methods. The construction of Con A affinity glycoprotein database of normal human liver tissue would contribute to the subsequent research.     

基于GIS的森林景观定量分类

以金沟岭林场为例,利用电子林相图和森林资源二类调查资料基础,借助GIS软件MapInfo和数字化仪跟踪矢量化,并运用景观生态学原理和方法,选取分维数、分离度斑块密度、景观优势度和均匀度等指标,对林场的景观格局进行了分析;同时采用类平均聚类法,选取分维数、分离度、斑块平均面积、最大斑块面积4个景观类型特征指数作为聚类分析的聚类因子,进行定量地划分森林类型,合理地区划森林经营类型,为优化景观水平配置、制定生态采伐规程、编制森林经营方案提供理论基础。     

土地利用变化对海南土壤水源涵养功能的影响

热带地区已有大量原始林转变为其他土地利用类型,影响了陆地生态系统的水源涵养功能.为了明确热带原始林转变为其他土地类型对土壤水源涵养功能的影响,在海南中部山区选择4种典型土地利用类型,包括林龄大于100年的原始林(VF)、10年生次生林(SF)、12年生槟榔林(AF)和35年生橡胶林(RF),评估土地利用变化对土壤持水性能和水源涵养功能指数(SWI)的影响.结果表明: 与原始林相比,表层土壤(0～10 cm)中,其他土地类型土壤持水性能指标均降低,12年槟榔林各土层指标均最低.土壤含水量和最大持水量与植被郁闭度、土壤有机质和土壤容重显著相关,表明郁闭度、土壤有机质和紧实度的改变是土壤持水性能变化的重要原因.与原始林相比,次生林、槟榔林和橡胶林土壤水源涵养功能分别减少27.7%、54.3%和11.5%,不同土层的差异各异,橡胶林仅表层土壤水源涵养功能显著降低.植被郁闭度、土壤有机质和土壤容重可解释土壤水源涵养功能变量的83.3%.土地利用转变显著改变了土壤持水性能和土壤水源涵养功能,相比12年槟榔林,35年橡胶林能更好地保持土壤水分,土地管理中增加土壤有机质和减少土壤紧实度可改善土壤持水性能及水源涵养功能.     

Population control of the yellow‐spined bamboo locust,Ceracris kiangsu,using urine‐borne chemical baits in bamboo forest

The yellow‐spined bamboo locust, Ceracris kiangsu Tsai (Orthoptera: Oedipodidae), is a notorious defoliator of bamboos in China. In commercial bamboo forests, spraying insecticides to control C. kiangsu is neither convenient nor economic, therefore environmentally acceptable and cost‐effective methods are needed. Ceracris kiangsu adults are known to aggregate and gnaw at human urine‐contaminated materials; NaCl is a strong phagostimulant and NH₄HCO₃ is an attractant/arrestant. In the present paper, we found that foam plastic containers containing a blend of 0.03% bisultap, 3% NaCl, 3% NH₄HCO₃, and 0.1% Triton X‐100 (tetrad bait) had a powerful attracticidal effect and could kill a great number of especially female C. kiangsu adults, comparable to those containing a mixture of 0.03% bisultap and 5‐day‐incubated urine. In a field trial, the tetrad bait killed approximately 80% of females and about 9% of males in the treated plots after daily application for five consecutive days. The corrected average reduction rate was 48.2%. Moreover, the sex ratio was decreased from 1.18 before the trial to 0.25 after the experiment in the treated plots. These results indicated that there is the potential to develop a trap using NaCl as a phagostimulant and NH₄HCO₃ as an attractant that can be used for C. kiangsu control.     

Quality,bioactivity study,and preclinical acute toxicity,safety pharmacology evaluation of PEGylated recombinant human endostatin (M2ES)

Endostar, a potent endogenous antiangiogenic factor, is wildly used in clinics. However, it was easily degraded by enzymes and rapidly cleared by the kidneys. To overcome these shortcomings, PEGylated recombinant human endostatin was developed. In this study, the purity of M₂ES was evaluated by silver stain and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Ultraviolet spectrum was used to examine the structural of M₂ES and endostar. The bioactivity and antitumor efficacy of M₂ES were evaluated using an in vitro endothelial cell migration model and athymic nude mouse xenograft model of a heterogeneous lung adenocarcinoma, respectively. A preclinical study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety pharmacology in rhesus monkeys. The purity of M₂ES was more than 98%; PEG modification has no effect on endostatin structure. Compared with the control group, M₂ES dramatically retards endothelial cell migration and tumor growth. After intravenous (IV) infusions of M₂ES at a dose level of three and 75 mg/kg in rhesus monkeys, there was no observable serious adverse event in both acute toxicity and safety pharmacology study. On the basis of the quality and bioactivity study data of M₂ES and the absence of serious side effect in rhesus monkeys, M₂ES was authorized to initiate a phase I clinical trial.