黑背燕尾繁殖行为观察初报

2011年4～8月和2012年4～8月,在贵州省贵定县境内采用定点观察法对黑背燕尾的繁殖行为进行了研究。结果表明,黑背燕尾活动于河谷、山涧溪流、水库及池塘等处。繁殖期4～6月,巢的结构为2层,营巢期6～9d,窝卵数3～4枚,孵化期17～19d,雏鸟留巢15～17d。并测量了雏鸟的嘴蜂、跗跖、第3飞羽、尾长等生长数据。     

不同转基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫抗虫性的时空动态

利用2个对Bt抗性水平不同的棉铃虫品系,测定了转Bt和CpTI基因双价抗虫棉(SGK321)和Bt棉(GK12,33B)杀虫活性的时间和空间动态变化。结果表明,2类3种抗虫棉杀虫活性共同表现为：(1) 时间动态上均呈现前高后低的下降趋势;(2) 空间动态上表现为,在生长前期以叶的活性最高,中后期以铃和蕾的活性较高;(3) 对敏感品系的活性高于对抗性品系。不同点表现为：（1）双价棉在生长中后期(8～9月份)活性明显高于Bt棉;（2）双价棉对抗性品系的活性表现更稳定。     

体外筛选炭疽芽孢适配子

用SELEX技术 ,寻获炭疽芽孢适配子 ,研究其亲和功能及是否作为炭疽芽孢的检测分子。化学合成长度为 35mer的随机DNA库 ,以炭疽杆菌疫苗株A .16R芽孢为靶标进行 18轮的筛选 ,筛选产物克隆、测序 ,利用生物素 亲和素 辣根过氧化物酶显色系统判断适配子与芽孢的结合活性 ;计算机软件分析测序适配子保守序列和二级结构 ;以兔抗炭疽芽孢抗体为捕获分子 ,适配子为检测分子混合夹心法检测炭疽芽孢。第 18轮筛选的适配子与芽孢结合后A值比第 1轮的提高了 3733 .33 %以上 ;测序 79个序列中 ,A值最高为 1.2 0 ,最低为 0 .2 0 ;混合夹心法检测表明 ,适配子量为 16 μg ,芽孢为 4× 10 7个时 ,显色信号强度最强。结果提示 ,其 5′端茎环及发夹结构是与芽孢结合的基础 ,远程高级结构对其结合功能有一定的影响 ;寡核苷酸适配子可以作为炭疽芽孢的检测分子     

Effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on kidney Notch2-Jagged1 pathway of early prenatal embryo

Aims: To evaluate the effects of this insecticide on the embryonic development of kidney and to assess the important role of Notch2–Jagged1 pathway in this duration. Methods and results: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) 5 mg/kg/d were administrated on gestation 7.5–11.5 day by subcutaneous injection. On gestation 16.5 day, the normal embryo kidney developed through S shape duration to the original kidney, which had the nephrons and could start to secret the urine. But for the CPF‐treated mice, the embryo kidney developed much more slowly, they did not show the S shape and the nephrons. The Notch2–Jagged1 pathway should be expressed stronger in the normal embryo kidney on gestation 16.5 day, but for the CPF‐treated mice we found the obvious weak pathway staining. Conclusions : CPF broke the Notch2–Jagged1 pathway during the embryo kidney development, and the Notch2–Jagged1 pathway plays an important role in the S shape to original kidney formation duration. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:97–101, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

棉纤维发育及其相关基因表达调控研究进展

棉纤维的强度和长度是评价棉花品质优劣的重要标准。棉纤维发育是一个高度程序化的调控过程。在纤维发育的各个时期,均有大量基因参与纤维细胞发育的调控。本文介绍棉纤维细胞发育各个时期的形态结构和生理生化特征以及一些纤维特异性基因表达调控等方面的研究概况和最新进展,以期能够在细胞和分子水平上了解棉纤维发育的基本生物学过程及其调控机制。     

Dynamics of DNA binding of replication initiation proteins during de novo formation of pre-replicative complexes in Xenopus egg extracts

We investigated the dynamics of DNA binding of replication initiation proteins during formation of the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) on plasmids in Xenopus egg extracts. The pre-RC was efficiently formed on plasmids at 23 degrees C, with one or a few origin recognition complex (ORC) molecules and approximately 10-20 mini-chromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) molecules loaded onto each plasmid. Although geminin inhibited MCM loading, MCM interacted weakly but stoichiometrically with the plasmid in an ORC-dependent manner, even in the presence of geminin (with approximately 10 MCM2 molecules per plasmid). Interestingly, DNA binding of ORC, CDC6, and CDT1 was significantly stabilized in the presence of geminin, under which conditions approximately 10-20 molecules each of ORC and CDC6 were bound. Moreover, a similarly stable ORC-CDC6-CDT1 complex rapidly formed on DNA at lower temperature (0 degrees C) without geminin, with approximately 10-20 molecules each of ORC and CDC6 bound to the plasmid, but almost no binding of MCM. However, upon shifting the temperature to 23 degrees C, most ORC, CDC6, and CDT1 molecules were displaced from the DNA, leaving about one ORC molecule on the plasmid, whereas approximately 10 MCM2 molecules were loaded onto each plasmid. Furthermore, it was possible to load MCM onto DNA when the isolated ORC-CDC6-CDT1-DNA complex was mixed with purified MCM proteins. These results suggest that an ORC-CDC6-CDT1 complex pre-formed on DNA is directly involved in MCM loading and imply that each DNA-bound ORC molecule loads only one or a few MCM2-7 complexes during metazoan pre-RC formation.     

西瓜种质资源遗传亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用 RAPD 技术对国内外32份西瓜主栽品种与其骨干亲本及野生类型的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。从720个随机引物(10bp)中筛选出15个能产生稳定多态性的引物用于 RAPD 反应,共扩增出104条 DNA 带,其中多态性 DNA 条带43条,占41.35%,平均每个引物扩增的 DNA 条带的数目为7.0条。聚类分析将供试材料分为6个类群:1个东亚生态型类群、1个美国生态型类群、2个中间生态型类群和2个非洲野生型类群,与传统的西瓜生态型分类基本吻合。每个生态型类群都有其特有的扩增(缺失)条带,同时分析了同一生态型中各个品种之间的亲缘关系及其品种的特异条带。本实验结果不仅从分子水平验证了西瓜是遗传基础狭窄的作物,而且在分子水平对西瓜传统分类与地理生态型分类进行了分析。     

九个水稻耐盐突变体的RFLP分析

用６ 个可能与水稻耐盐性有关的ＤＮＡ 探针对来自两个品系的５ 个耐盐突变株系、３ 个耐盐突变体及１ 个弱耐盐突变体进行ＲＦＬＰ分析。结果有８ 个耐盐突变体（株系）检测到ＤＮＡ 水平的变化,６ 个探针检测到具多态性的突变株系（体）的数目分别为ＲＧ４：６ 个;ＲＧ７１１：６ 个;Ｒａｂ１６：５ 个;Ｒａｂ１０Ｅ６：２ 个;Ｒａｂ２１：１ 个;ＳａｌＴ：２ 个;表明ＲＧ４、ＲＧ７１１ 及Ｒａｂ１６三个位点有可能与耐盐性突变相关。多态性图谱中７０．８％ 为２ 个以上的酶切图谱同时显示多态性,说明多数突变是由缺失、插入或重复造成的     

Determination of selenium via the fluorescence quenching effect of selenium on hemoglobin‐catalyzed peroxidative reaction

A new method for the determination of selenium based on its fluorescence quenching on the hemoglobin‐catalyzed reaction of H₂O₂ and l ‐tyrosine has been established. The effect of pH, foreign ions and the optimization of variables on the determination of selenium was examined. The calibration curve was found to be linear between the fluorescence quenching (F₀/F) and the concentration of selenium within the range of 0.16‐4.00 µg/mL. The detection limit was 1.96 ng/mL and the relative standard deviation was 3.14%. This method can be used for the determination of selenium in Se‐enriched garlic bulbs with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.