脂肪酶水解植物油的研究

本文报导了薄层层析法及高压液相色谱法定性定量地测定植物油甘油酯的组成,对不同来源的脂肪酶对植物油的水解进行了研究。实验结果表明,不同来源的脂肪酶对植物油(橄榄油)的水解性不同,同一脂肪酶水解不同种类的植物油,脂肪酶的水解率也不同,脂肪酶水解植物油有最适pH和最适温度。     

Asymmetric effects of daytime and nighttime warming on alpine treeline recruitment

Trees at their upper range limits are highly sensitive to climate change, and thus alpine treelines worldwide have changed their recruitment patterns in response to climate warming. However, previous studies focused only on daily mean temperature, neglecting the asymmetric influences of daytime and nighttime warming on recruitments in alpine treelines. Here, based on the compiled dataset of tree recruitment series from 172 alpine treelines across the Northern Hemisphere, we quantified and compared the different effects of daytime and nighttime warming on treeline recruitment using four indices of temperature sensitivity, and assessed the responses of treeline recruitment to warming-induced drought stress. Our analyses demonstrated that even in different environmental regions, both daytime and nighttime warming could significantly promote treeline recruitment, and however, treeline recruitment was much more sensitive to nighttime warming than to daytime warming, which could be attributable to the presence of drought stress. The increasing drought stress primarily driven by daytime warming rather than by nighttime warming would likely constrain the responses of treeline recruitment to daytime warming. Our findings provided compelling evidence that nighttime warming rather than daytime warming could play a primary role in promoting the recruitment in alpine treelines, which was related to the daytime warming-induced drought stress. Thus, daytime and nighttime warming should be considered separately to improve future projections of global change impacts across alpine ecosystems.     

The complex genome and adaptive evolution of polyploid Chinese pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum)

Zanthoxylum armatum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum, known as ‘Chinese pepper’, are distinguished by their extraordinary complex genomes, phenotypic innovation of adaptive evolution and species-special metabolites. Here, we report reference-grade genomes of Z. armatum and Z. bungeanum. Using high coverage sequence data and comprehensive assembly strategies, we derived 66 pseudochromosomes comprising 33 homologous phased groups of two subgenomes, including autotetraploid Z. armatum. The genomic rearrangements and two whole-genome duplications created large (~4.5 Gb) complex genomes with a high ratio of repetitive sequences (>82%) and high chromosome number (2n = 4x = 132). Further analysis of the high-quality genomes shed lights on the genomic basis of involutional reproduction, allomones biosynthesis and adaptive evolution in Chinese pepper, revealing a high consistent relationship between genomic evolution, environmental factors and phenotypic innovation. Our study provides genomic resources and new insights for investigating diversification and phenotypic innovation in Chinese pepper, with broader implications for the protection of plants under severe environmental changes.     

基于转录组测序的宁夏枸杞不同品种果实活性成分合成差异表达基因分析

为探究不同品种宁夏枸杞果实活性成分生物合成相关基因的表达水平,筛选关键差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),揭示宁夏枸杞品种间活性成分含量差异的分子机制,本研究采用Illumina NovaSeq 6000高通量测序技术,对宁夏枸杞‘宁杞1号’和‘宁杞7号’青果期、转色期及成熟期果实进行转录组测序,比较2个品种果实不同发育期相关基因表达谱的变化。结果显示:转录组测序共获得811818178条clean reads,有121.76 Gb有效数据。‘宁杞1号’和‘宁杞7号’在青果期、转色期和成熟期差异表达基因分别有2827、2552和2311个;分别有2153、2050和1825个差异基因在基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)、京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析和同源蛋白簇(clusters of orthologous groups of proteins,KOG)分析等6个数据库中被成功注释。青果期、转色期和成熟期果实的差异表达基因,在GO数据库分别有1307、865和624个被富集到生物学过程、细胞组分及分子功能3个部分中;KEGG通路富集结果均集中在代谢途径、次生代谢物生物合成和植物-病原互作过程;在KOG数据库,3个发育期分别注释了1775、1751和1541个差异表达基因。对注释的基因进行PubMed数据库检索,在青果期、转色期和成熟期分别筛选到与枸杞活性成分合成相关的差异表达基因18、26和24个,这些基因主要参与类胡萝卜素、类黄酮、萜类、生物碱和维生素等代谢途径。选取7个差异表达基因进行RT-qPCR验证,结果与转录组测序数据表达趋势一致。本研究从转录水平为不同品种宁夏枸杞活性成分含量差异提供了初步证据,为进一步挖掘枸杞活性成分生物合成的关键基因及解析其表达调控机制提供了研究基础。     

生物可降解塑料单体二元羧酸的生物合成研究进展北大核心CSCD

塑料是最重要的聚合物材料之一,需求量巨大,但存在处理困难、污染大等缺点。环境友好型的生物可降解塑料有望成为目前塑料的替代品,以满足社会各界对于塑料制品日益增长的需求。二元羧酸是生物可降解塑料中重要的单体之一,可降解性强,应用广泛,并且可以通过全生物法合成。因此,本文重点选取了几种比较有代表性的二元羧酸,总结它们的生物合成途径以及其代谢改造手段,以期为中长链等复杂二元羧酸的生物法合成提供借鉴。     

Marginal proportional hazards models for clustered interval-censored data with time-dependent covariates

The Botswana Combination Prevention Project was a cluster-randomized HIV prevention trial whose follow-up period coincided with Botswana's national adoption of a universal test and treat strategy for HIV management. Of interest is whether, and to what extent, this change in policy modified the preventative effects of the study intervention. To address such questions, we adopt a stratified proportional hazards model for clustered interval-censored data with time-dependent covariates and develop a composite expectation maximization algorithm that facilitates estimation of model parameters without placing parametric assumptions on either the baseline hazard functions or the within-cluster dependence structure. We show that the resulting estimators for the regression parameters are consistent and asymptotically normal. We also propose and provide theoretical justification for the use of the profile composite likelihood function to construct a robust sandwich estimator for the variance. We characterize the finite-sample performance and robustness of these estimators through extensive simulation studies. Finally, we conclude by applying this stratified proportional hazards model to a re-analysis of the Botswana Combination Prevention Project, with the national adoption of a universal test and treat strategy now modeled as a time-dependent covariate.     

湿地松木质部和针叶松脂合成基因分析

为挖掘湿地松(Pinus elliottii)松脂合成相关的基因,对不同采脂期的木质部和针叶进行高通量转录组测序,与火炬松(Pinus taeda)参考基因组进行比对,共获得了68 211条unigenes,546 356 450条clean reads,平均比对率达90.21%。将不同时期木质部、木质部与针叶间进行两两对比,以P＜0.05,|log₂FoldChange|＞1.0为标准来筛选差异基因,并进行GO和KEGG富集分析。结果表明,参与萜类物质合成的差异基因有133个,其中大部分富集在MEP途径,从差异基因中挑选8个产脂相关的候选基因进行RT-qPCR验证,确定HMGR、DXS、TPS、ABC转运蛋白基因与产脂存在关联性。通过转录组测序与分析,挖掘出133个参与松脂萜类物质合成相关的差异基因,其中萜烯合酶基因(TPS)和ABC转运基因在正调控萜类物质合成中发挥关键作用。