D type cyclins associate with multiple protein kinases and the DNA replication and repair factor PCNA.

Human cyclin D1 has been associated with a wide variety of proliferative diseases but its biochemical role is unknown. In diploid fibroblasts we find that cyclin D1 is complexed with many other cellular proteins. Among them are protein kinase catalytic subunits CDK2, CDK4 (previously called PSK-J3), and CDK5 (also called PSSALRE). In addition, polypeptides of 21 kd and 36 kd are identified in association with cyclin D1. We show that the 36 kd protein is the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA. Cyclin D3 also associates with multiple protein kinases, p21 and PCNA. It is proposed that there exists a quaternary complex of D cyclin, CDK, PCNA, and p21 and that many combinatorial variations (cyclin D1, D3, CDK2, 4, and 5) may assemble in vivo. These findings link a human putative G1 cyclin that is associated with oncogenesis with a well-characterized DNA replication and repair factor.     

四川省森林植被固碳经济价值动态

<正>确估算森林植被固碳经济价值可为森林生态系统的生态效益评价提供基础数据。利用1997年和2014年两期四川省森林资源清查数据,依据不同森林类型的生物量与蓄积量回归方程和支付意愿法,估算了四川省两个时期森林植被的固碳经济价值。结果表明,从1997年到2014年,四川省森林植被固碳经济价值由703.17亿元增长到865.75亿元,净增长162.58亿元,年均增长9.56亿元,年均增长率为1.36%;在两个时期,云冷杉林的固碳经济价值比重最大,分别占总固碳经济价值的54.82%和46.62%,表明云冷杉森林植被类型在全省森林植被固碳经济价值中占有重要的地位;四川省天然林和人工林植被的固碳经济价值均呈增加趋势,并且人工林植被固碳经济价值年均增长速率(7.42%)明显高于天然林(1.03%);四川省森林植被固碳经济价值总体上随林龄的增加而增加。研究结果说明,实施包括天然林保护工程在内的森林保护和经营管理措施对提高森林植被的固碳经济价值具有重要的作用。     

一株PCBs降解菌的降解特性及发酵条件优化

【目的】针对一株多氯联苯的高效降解菌,考察其对多氯联苯(PCBs)的降解特性,并对降解条件进行优化。【方法】以不同浓度的2,4,4′-TCB与3,3′,4,4′-TCB为唯一碳源,研究苜蓿中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium melilon)对不同多氯联苯的降解转化能力,并进行发酵条件优化以及共代谢试验。【结果】接入菌株转化7 d后,随着底物浓度的增加,该菌对2,4,4′-TCB的降解能力呈下降趋势。在最低浓度1.0 mg/L时降解率最高,为93.3%;而在最高浓度50.0 mg/L时为65.1%。对于较难降解的四氯联苯3,3′,4,4′-TCB,菌株在最低浓度1.0 mg/L时降解率为56.2%,最高浓度25.0 mg/L时为22.8%。在温度30°C、pH 7.0、接种量4.5 mL、装液量25 mL时,获得菌株转化10.0 mg/L 2,4,4′-TCB的最优发酵条件,7 d的降解率由原来的54.8%提高到83.6%。柠檬烯、香芹酮及甘露醇作为共代谢底物也可较好地提高菌株降解效果。【结论】苜蓿中华根瘤菌对PCBs有很好的降解效果,研究结果对PCBs的微生物降解及环境中PCBs的生物修复具有较好的意义和应用价值。     

我国苏云金杆菌研究60年

综述了我国近60年来的苏云金杆菌研究进展,包括资源收集及分类鉴定、Bt新基因的发掘及组学研究、病理学与作用机制、毒力测定、产品标准化、产业化,并就Bt生物农药存在的问题及改善途径进行了探讨。     

LRP6 downregulation promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration

The adult mammalian heart is thought to be a terminally differentiated organ given the postmitotic nature of cardiomyocytes. Consequently, the potential for cardiac repair through cardiomyocyte proliferation is extremely limited. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) is a Wnt co-receptor that is required for embryonic heart development. In this study we investigated the role of LRP6 in heart repair through regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Lrp6 deficiency increased cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in neonatal, juvenile and adult mice. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Lrp6 in the mouse heart induced a robust regenerative response after myocardial infarction (MI), led to reduced MI area and improvement in left ventricular systolic function. In vivo genetic lineage tracing revealed that the newly formed cardiomyocytes in Lrp6-deficient mouse hearts after MI were mainly derived from resident cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we found that the pro-proliferative effect of Lrp6 deficiency was mediated by the ING5/P21 signaling pathway. Gene therapy using the adeno-associated virus (AAV)9 miRNAi-Lrp6 construct promoted the repair of heart injury in mice. Lrp6 deficiency also induced the proliferation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). Our study identifies LRP6 as a critical regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation, which may lead to the development of a novel molecular strategy to promote myocardial regeneration and repair.Subject terms: Cell-cycle exit, Cytokinesis     

植物生活史型的多样性及动态分析

主要阐述了植物生活史型的基本定义和基本模式。根据植物的生态幅（Ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ　ａｍｐｌｉｔｕｄｅ）、适合度（Ｆｉｔｎｅｓｓ）和能量分配格局将植物生活史型划分出Ｖ生活史型、Ｓ生活史型和ｃ生活史型３个基本类型以及ＶＳ生活史型、ＳＶ生活史型、ｃＳ生活史型、Ｓｃ生活史型等６个具有混合特征的过渡类型。文中分析了权衡（丁ｒａｄｅ—ｏｆｆ）植物生活史各阶段的能量需求,使之合理地进行能量分配,进而使植物生活史型获得最佳的繁殖和存活效益以及最大的适合度的重要性,指出韧生代谢和次生代谢增值物生活史型及其生活史型之间相互转换的密切关系。韧生代谢物质主要用于营养生长,次生代谢物质主要用于促进繁育和拮抗环境胁迫。植物生活史型在特定时空中依生境的连续变化而发生相互转换,呈现出具动态特征的植物生活史型诺。提出了植物生活史型的形成机制,即生境中的资源状况和干扰程度构成了环境筛的径度,进而形成选择压力,以使植物按需分配能量,合成初级代谢产物或次级代谢产物来应对选择压力,形成自身的生态幅和适应对策,最终与生境相互作用过程中表现出的适合度来表征相应的生活史型。还提出了植物生活史型之间相互转化的机制,即每一种植物生活史型均有与该生活史型相对应的生境类型、选择压力、代谢物质和生活史对策,由于时空的连续变化,生境类型也发生过渡性变化,形成过渡类型（ＥＤ、ＤＥ、ＤＦ、ＦＤ）,因而导致选择压力、代谢物质、生活史对策也发生过渡性变化,形成过渡类型ＬＭ、ＭＬ、ＭＨ、ＨＭ、ＫＲ、ＲＫ、ＲＴ、ＴＲ、ＢＰ、ＰＢ、ＰＡ、ＡＰ,最终通过ＶＳ、ＳＶ、ＳＣ、ＣＳ等过渡类型的形成而实现植物生活史型之间的相互转换。文中以高山红景天（Ｒｈｏｄｉｏｌａ　ｓａｃｈａｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）等５种植物生活史型谱为例,分析了各植物生活史型谱的动态特征并指出：Ｖ生活史型的植物因营养体较为发达、寿命较长,且能通过正常的有性生殖繁衍后代,通常都能产生稳定种群;以Ｓ生活史型为主的植物,因台子中含有来自双亲的两套基因,故有性生殖过程能产生较多遗传性不同的后代,使种群的适应环境变化的能力加强,因而容易形成爆发种群;以ｃ生活史型为主的植物,其遗传物质与母体完全相同,故种群适应环境变化的能力较弱,因而容易导致种群濒危。