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991.
Zou MH Hou XY Shi CM Kirkpatick S Liu F Goldman MH Cohen RA 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(36):34003-34010
AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a fuel-sensing enzyme present in most mammalian tissue. In response to a decrease in the energy state of a cell AMPK is phosphorylated and activated by still poorly characterized upstream events. Exposure of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) to chemically synthesized ONOO- acutely and significantly increased phosphorylation of c-Src, PDK1, AMPK, and its downstream target, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), without affecting cellular AMP. This novel pathway for AMPK activation was confirmed by the use of pharmacological inhibitors and dominant-negative mutants. Exposure of BAEC to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) caused a biphasic increase in AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, which was prevented by adenoviral overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or inhibition of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) implicating a role of ONOO- formed during H/R. Furthermore, dominant-negative mutants of c-Src or kinase-defective PDK1 also blocked H/R-induced AMPK activation indicating that, as with addition of exogenous ONOO-, both c-Src and PI 3-kinase are upstream of AMPK. Moreover, H/R, like ONOO-, significantly increased co-immunoprecipitation of AMPK with c-Src, suggesting that ONOO- favors physical association of AMPK with upstream kinases. Taken together, our results indicate a novel pathway by which H/R via ONOO- activates AMPK in a c-Src-mediated, PI 3-kinase-dependent manner, and suggest that ONOO--induced activation of AMPK might thereby regulate metabolic enzymes, such as ACC. 相似文献
992.
Shi J Tai K McCammon JA Taylor P Johnson DA 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(33):30905-30911
The paradox of high substrate turnover occurring within the confines of a deep, narrow gorge through which acetylcholine must traverse to reach the catalytic site of acetylcholinesterase has suggested the existence of transient gorge enlargements that would enhance substrate accessibility. To establish a foundation for the experimental study of transient fluctuations in structure, site-directed labeling in conjunction with time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy were utilized to assess the possible involvement of the omega loop (Omega loop), a segment that forms the outer wall of the gorge. Specifically, the flexibility of three residues (L76C, E81C, and E84C) in the Cys69-Cys96 Omega loop and one residue (Y124C) across the gorge from the Omega loop were studied in the absence and presence of two inhibitors of different size, fasciculin and huperzine. Additionally, to validate the approach molecular dynamics was employed to simulate anisotropy decay of the side chains. The results show that the Omega loop residues are significantly more mobile than the non-loop residue facing the interior of the gorge. Moreover, fasciculin, which binds at the mouth of the gorge, well removed from the active site, decreases the mobility of 5-((((2-acetyl)amino)ethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid reporter groups attached to L76C and Y124C but increases the mobility of the reporter groups attached to E81C and E84C. Huperzine, which binds at the base of active-site gorge, has no effect on the mobility of reporter groups attached to L76C and Y124C but increases the mobility of the reporter groups attached to E81C and E84C. Besides showing that fluctuations of the Omega loop residues are not tightly coupled, the results indicate that residues in the Omega loop exhibit distinctive conformational fluctuations and therefore are likely to contribute to transient gorge enlargements in the non-liganded enzyme. 相似文献
993.
994.
Hydrogen peroxide formation and actin filament reorganization by Cdc42 are essential for ethanol-induced in vitro angiogenesis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Qian Y Luo J Leonard SS Harris GK Millecchia L Flynn DC Shi X 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(18):16189-16197
This report focuses on the identification of the molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced in vitro angiogenesis. The manipulation of angiogenesis is an important therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammation. Our results showed that ethanol stimulation altered the integrity of actin filaments and increased the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia in SVEC4-10 cells. Further experiments demonstrated that ethanol stimulation increased cell migration and invasion and induced in vitro angiogenesis in SVEC4-10 cells. Mechanistically, ethanol stimulation activated Cdc42 and produced H(2)O(2) a reactive oxygen species intermediate in SVEC4-10 cells. Measuring the time course of Cdc42 activation and H(2)O(2) production upon ethanol stimulation revealed that the Cdc42 activation and the increase of H(2)O(2) lasted more than 3 h, which indicates the mechanisms of the long duration effects of ethanol on the cells. Furthermore, either overexpression of a constitutive dominant negative Cdc42 or inhibition of H(2)O(2) production abrogated the effects of ethanol on SVEC4-10 cells, indicating that both the activation of Cdc42 and the production of H(2)O(2) are essential for the actions of ethanol. Interestingly, we also found that overexpression of a constitutive dominant positive Cdc42 itself was sufficient to produce H(2)O(2) and to induce in vitro angiogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that ethanol stimulation can induce H(2)O(2) production through the activation of Cdc42, which results in reorganizing actin filaments and increasing cell motility and in vitro angiogenesis. 相似文献
995.
996.
One-step on-column affinity refolding purification and functional analysis of recombinant human VDAC1 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Shi Y Jiang C Chen Q Tang H 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2003,303(2):475-482
The outer mitochondrial membrane porin, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC), is believed to play an important role in mediating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. However, detailed structure-function studies of VDAC have been hindered by the difficulties to obtain a soluble, correctly folded, and fully active form of the recombinant VDAC and its mutant variants due to its transmembrane nature. Here we report a high-throughput one-step chromatographic procedure in purification of recombinant human VDAC1 (rhVDAC1) protein overexpressed in bacteria. The improved methodology could generate a large quantity of rhVDAC1 with correct folding in terms of the secondary structure, with full biological activities in mediating cytochrome c release and in interaction with Bcl-X(L). The method will significantly benefit genetic, biochemical, and structural studies of this critical channel protein. 相似文献
997.
The amyloid beta peptide (Abeta(1-40)) is thermodynamically soluble at physiological concentrations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Precipitation of the 39-43-residue amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) is a crucial factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In normal as well as in AD-afflicted brain, the Abeta concentration is estimated to be a few nanomolar. Here we show that Abeta(1-40) precipitates in vitro only if the dissolved concentration is >14 microM. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we further show that the precipitation is complete in 1 day, after which the size distribution of Abeta monomer/oligomers in the solution phase becomes stationary in time and independent of the starting Abeta concentration. Mass spectra confirm that both the solution phase and the coexisting precipitate contain chemically identical Abeta molecules. Incubation at 68 degrees C for 1 h reduces the solubility by <12%. Together, these results show that the thermodynamic saturation concentration (C(sat)) of Abeta(1-40) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 has a well-defined lower limit of 15.5 +/- 1 microM. Divalent metal ions (believed to play a role in AD) at near-saturation concentrations in PBS reduce C(sat) only marginally (2 mM Mg(2+) by 6%, 2.5 microM Ca(2+) by 7%, and 4 microM Zn(2+) by 11%). Given that no precipitation is possible at concentrations below C(sat), we infer that coprecipitant(s), and not properties of Abeta(1-40) alone, are key factors in the in vivo aggregation of Abeta. 相似文献
998.
Shi W Hoeflich A Flaswinkel H Stojkovic M Wolf E Zakhartchenko V 《Biology of reproduction》2003,69(1):301-309
Previously, we reported that cloned embryos derived from an immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MECL) failed to develop beyond 12- to 16-cell stage. To analyze whether induction of a senescent-like phenotype in MECL can improve their ability to support the development after transfer into enucleated oocytes, we treated MECL with DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (Aza-C), histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA), sodium butyrate (NaBu), or 5-bromodeoxyuridine and used those cells for nuclear transfer. Primary bovine fetal fibroblasts (BFF) were used as control. All agents were capable to induce features of senescence including reduced cell proliferation, enlarged cell size with a considerable proportion of cells stained positive for acidic senescence-associated beta-galactosidase and G1/S cell cycle boundary arrest in MECL. Aza-C treatment induced genome demethylation. Acetylation of H3 and H4 was increased after TSA treatment in both MECL and BFF, whereas no obvious changes in global H3 or H4 acetylation were detected after NaBu treatment. Nuclear transfer experiments following diverse treatments demonstrated that the induced senescent-like phenotype of MECL did not confer their ability to support embryonic development, although 7.3% of reconstructed embryos derived from NaBu-treated cells developed to morula stage. Intriguingly, a much higher proportion of cloned embryos developed to blastocysts when using NaBu-treated BFF, compared with using untreated BFF (59% versus 26%). Our results suggest that the developmental failure of donor nuclei from bovine immortal cells could not be reversed by induction of senescent-like phenotype. The beneficial effect of NaBu on the developmental potential of cloned embryos reconstructed from BFF merits further studies. 相似文献
999.
In a novel procedure, when 3-O-benzoyl-3-C-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)-1,2:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-psicopyranose (1) is treated with acetic anhydride, chloroacetyl chloride, propanic anhydride and benzoyl chloride, the 3-O-benzoyl group undergoes an intramolecular replacement reaction with neighbouring group participation and transfer resulting in a more stable conjugated system by the formation of a 1,2,4-oxadiazol ring. A possible mechanism is reported. The structure has been determined by spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallographic analysis. 相似文献
1000.
睫状神经营养因子对大鼠去神经骨骼肌的营养作用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
目的:了解睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)对去神经引起的肌肉萎缩的治疗作用。方法:离断SD大鼠一侧坐骨神经,连续给予CNTF20d,观察肌肉湿重、蛋白含量、肌纤维横截面积、收缩性能和残肢程度。结果:①给予0.2mg/kg的CNTF,可使损务侧肌纤维横截面积增加35%,肌肉湿重增加38%,胫前肌总蛋白含量增加24%,腓长肌强直收缩强度提高40%,显著改善肢残程度;②0.2mg/kg的CNTF作用明显强于0.05mg/kg的CNTF;③此目鱼肌(慢肌)比伸趾长肌(快肌)对CNTF更敏感。结论:CNTF能显著改善成年大鼠坐骨神经离断后骨骼肌的萎缩和功能丧失,该效应的强弱与用药剂量和肌肉类型有关。 相似文献