全文获取类型
收费全文 | 26076篇 |
免费 | 2147篇 |
国内免费 | 2200篇 |
专业分类
30423篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 69篇 |
2023年 | 372篇 |
2022年 | 855篇 |
2021年 | 1383篇 |
2020年 | 903篇 |
2019年 | 1092篇 |
2018年 | 1032篇 |
2017年 | 766篇 |
2016年 | 1076篇 |
2015年 | 1604篇 |
2014年 | 1881篇 |
2013年 | 1979篇 |
2012年 | 2408篇 |
2011年 | 2063篇 |
2010年 | 1304篇 |
2009年 | 1042篇 |
2008年 | 1418篇 |
2007年 | 1203篇 |
2006年 | 1081篇 |
2005年 | 915篇 |
2004年 | 758篇 |
2003年 | 645篇 |
2002年 | 588篇 |
2001年 | 494篇 |
2000年 | 381篇 |
1999年 | 431篇 |
1998年 | 259篇 |
1997年 | 219篇 |
1996年 | 258篇 |
1995年 | 209篇 |
1994年 | 254篇 |
1993年 | 154篇 |
1992年 | 220篇 |
1991年 | 187篇 |
1990年 | 174篇 |
1989年 | 113篇 |
1988年 | 83篇 |
1987年 | 76篇 |
1986年 | 49篇 |
1985年 | 65篇 |
1984年 | 48篇 |
1983年 | 39篇 |
1982年 | 37篇 |
1981年 | 25篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 25篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 17篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Factors regulating baculovirus late and very late gene expression in transient-expression assays. 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of virology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Eighteen genes of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus are necessary and sufficient to transactivate expression from the late vp39 promoter in transient-expression assays in SF-21 cells. These 18 genes, known as late expression factor genes (lefs), are also required to transactivate the very late promoter of the polyhedrin gene, polh, but expression from this promoter is relatively weak compared with expression from the vp39 promoter. To further define the factors required for late and very late promoter expression, we first determined that the eighteen lefs were also required for expression from two other major baculovirus promoters: the late basic 6.9-kDa protein gene, p6.9, and the very late 10-kDa protein gene, p10. We next examined the effect of the very late expression factor 1 gene (vlf-1), a gene previously identified by analysis of a temperature-sensitive mutant, in the transient expression assay and found that vlf-1 specifically transactivated the two very late promoters but not the two late promoters. We then surveyed the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome for additional genes which might specifically regulate very late gene expression; no additional vlf genes were detected, suggesting that VLF-1 is the primary regulator of very late gene expression. Finally, we found that the relative contribution of the antiapoptosis gene p35, which behaves as a lef in these transient-expression assays, depended on the nature of the other viral genes provided in the cotransfection mixtures, suggesting that other viral genes also contribute to the ability of the virus to block apoptosis. 相似文献
92.
93.
白背飞虱种群动态关联分析及预测模型的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据灰色系统关联分析的基本原理,提出了白背飞虱种群动态的加权关联度预测法。衢县早稻后期白背飞虱发生量与历年6月25~30日平均百丛虫量X_1(t)、同期若虫比例X_2(t)、迟熟品种比例X_3(t)、6月下旬水分积分指数X_4(t)和平均气温X_5(t)等因素的关联序为:X_2(t)>X_1(t)>X_3(t)>X_5(t)>X_4(t)。据此建立的加权关联度预测模型,经12年资料回测和试报验证,结果令人满意。 相似文献
94.
中国单头螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲:叶螨科)谭瑞成,鲁素玲(湖南省林业科学研究所长沙410004)(新疆石河子农学院新疆832003)单头螨属AplonobiaWOmersley,1940前足体背毛3对,后半体背毛10对,全部或部分背毛着生在明显结节L,背... 相似文献
95.
龙胆属的系统发育分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文运用支序分类的原理和方法,对龙胆科龙胆属的属下等级进行了重新归类和系统发育分析。龙胆属是一个单系群,以3项近裔共性为归类依据。性状分析作了性状同源性分析和性状极性分析。性状极化主要以外类群比较、性状相关性及染色体资料为依据,其它方法,如生物重演律原则、地理递进原则以及孢粉形态等也被结合使用。分析结果,双蝴蝶属和蔓龙胆属被选择为外类群,71个性状被选择作为建立数据矩阵的基本资料。使用PAUP程序对矩阵进行了运算,得到4个最简约的谱系分支图,它们均具一致性系数0.637,支序长度为160步,f-比值范围为0.179~0.189,其中具最低f-比值的图被选作为类群归类和讨论亲缘关系的基础。在支序图上龙胆属归为15个组;其中5个组又划分为系,共包括23个系,其余组为单型组,故共有33个属下类群。一个严格的一致性谱系分支图总结了所有的一致点,从而支持了支序分析的结果。 相似文献
96.
Richard G. Percy Zhenmin Lu John W. Radin Edgar L. Turcotte Eduardo Zeiger 《Physiologia plantarum》1996,96(3):389-394
Stomatal conductance in improved Pima cotton cultivars (Gossypium barbadense) has been previously shown to be positively associated with heat resistance and yield potential. In the present study we determined the mode of inheritance of stomatal conductance in crosses of six G. barbadense parents varying in origin, degree of agronomic development and stomatal conductance. Parents included a primitive tropical cotton (B368), two obsolete cultivars (St Vincent V135, Pima 32), one modern commercial line (Pima S-6) and two elite genotypes of the Pima germplasm (P70, P73). These lines showed distinct differences in stomatal conductance, under greenhouse and field conditions. The primitive B368 had the lowest conductance, and the elite lines the highest. Generation means analysis was used to quantify genetic effects in the crosses P70 × St Vincent V135, Pima S-6 × B368, Pima S-6 × Pima 32, P73 × Pima 32 and P73 × Pima S-6. Best-fit models of the inheritance of stomatal conductance varied in complexity from a simple additive-dominance model in the cross P70 × St. Vincent V135 to models displaying digenic epistatic interactions in the remaining crosses. Significant additive mean effects for stomatal conductance were detected in all crosses. Dominance mean effects were significant in the crosses P73 × Pima 32 and P73 × Pima S-6. Broadsense heritability estimates of stomatal conductance were relatively low (0.16–0.44) in all crosses except Pima S-6 × B368 (0.74). Results also show that the mode of inheritance of stomatal conductance is multigenic, and may have maternal as well as nuclear components. Recouping higher stomatal conductance levels from genetically wider crosses appears feasible and could proceed at a moderate rate. Fixing higher levels of stomatal conductance in populations from crosses of elite germplasm may be more difficult because of the presence of dominant mean effects and digenic epistatic interactions. 相似文献
97.
Characterization of a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase homolog from maize roots showing light-regulated gravitropism 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Roots of many species respond to gravity (gravitropism) and grow downward only if illuminated. This light-regulated root gravitropism is phytochrome-dependent, mediated by calcium, and inhibited by KN-93, a specific inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II). A cDNA encoding MCK1, a maize homolog of mammalian CaMK, has been isolated from roots of maize (Zea mays L.). The MCK1 gene is expressed in root tips, the site of perception for both light and gravity. Using the [35S]CaM gel-overlay assay we showed that calmodulin-binding activity of the MCK1 is abolished by 50 M KN-93, but binding is not affected by 5 M KN-93, paralleling physiological findings that light-regulated root gravitropism is inhibited by 50 M KN-93, but not by 5 M KN-93. KN-93 inhibits light-regulated gravitropism by interrupting transduction of the light signal, not light perception, suggesting that MCK1 may play a role in transducing light. This is the first report suggesting a physiological function for a CaMK homolog in light signal transduction.Abbreviations CaM
calmodulin
- CaMK (II)
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (II)
- CBP
CaM-binding protein
- CDPK
Ca2+-dependent protein kinase
- MCK1
maize homolog of mamalian CaMK
This work is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant No: NAGW 238. 相似文献
98.
H. -X. Lin H. -R. Qian J. -Y. Zhuang J. Lu S. -K. Min Z. -M. Xiong N. Huang K. -L. Zheng 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,92(8):920-927
Quantitative triat loci (QTLs) for yield and related traits in rice were mapped based on RFLP maps from two indica/indica F2 populations, Tesanai 2/CB and Waiyin 2/CB. In Tesanai 2/CB, 14 intervals carrying QTLs for eight traits were detected, including 3 for grain weight per plant (GWT), 2 for number of panicles per plant (NP), 2 for number of grains per panicle (NG), 1 for total number of spikelets per panicle (TNS), 1 for spikelet fertility (SF), 3 for 1000-grain weight (TGWT), 1 for spikelet density (SD), and 1 for number of first branches per main panicle. The 3 QTLs for GWT were located on chromosomes 1, 2, and 4, with 1 in each chromosome. The additive effect of the single locus ranged from 2.0 g to 9.1 g. A major gene (np4) for NP was detected on chromosome 4 within the interval of RG143–RG214, about 4cM for RG143, and this locus explained 26.1% of the observed phenotypic variance for NP. The paternal allele of this locus was responsible for reduced panicles per plant (3 panicles per plant). In another population, Waiyin 2/CB, 12 intervals containing QTLs for six of the above-mentioned traits were detected, including 3 for GWT, 2 for each of NP, TNS, TGWT and SD, 1 for SF. Three QTLs for GWT were located on chromosome 1, 4, and 5, respectively. The additive effect of the single locus for GWT ranged from 6.7 g to 8.8 g, while the dominance effect was 1.7–11.5 g. QTL mapping in two populations with a common male parent is compared and discussed. 相似文献
99.
Preparative-scale purification of RNA using an efficient method which combines gel electrophoresis and column chromatography.
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Nucleic acids research》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Here we describe a reliable method for purifying large amounts of RNA of any sequence and length with comparable efficiency and resolution of gel electrophoresis and with capacity approaching that of column chromatography. The RNA mixture of interest is separated on a cylindrical denaturing polyacrylamide gel, eluted by a peristaltic pump, detected by a UV-vis detector, and collected by a fraction collector. Using this method, we were able to separate one third of a 100 ml in vitro transcribed 34mer hammerhead ribozyme (approximately 6.2 mg) in a single run. The entire 100 ml transcribed RNA (approximately 18.5 mg) was separated after consecutive runs using one single gel preparation. 相似文献
100.
J Duhamel D M Liu C Evilia N Fleysh G Dinter-Gottlieb P Lu 《Nucleic acids research》1996,24(20):3911-3917
The Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) ribozyme self-cleaving activity in 20 M formamide solutions is unique. Does this catalytic activity result from the conservation of its tertiary structure in 20 M formamide? We followed the ribozyme structure in formamide solutions by monitoring the amount of bound Ethidium Bromide (EB). We were able to measure the quantity of dye bound using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, as an estimate of the ribozyme double helical content. This method, calibrated by using oligonucleotides with defined tertiary structure and denaturing solvents, parallels NMR and UV measurements as a function of temperature. Measurements with the HDV ribozyme lead to three conclusions: (a) both the precursor and product RNAs are structured to 24 M (95% w/w) formamide or 4 M H2O solutions which is equivalent to 4 M H2O; (b) the HDV ribozyme is the only RNA sequence investigated in this study that retains so much structure in formamide; and (c) DNA analogs of formamide resistant HDV ribozyme sequences lose their structure at less than 15 M formamide. Thus, the structural integrity of the HDV ribozyme is an intrinsic property of the RNA molecule and its sequence. 相似文献