Einfluß von Epicoccum nigrum,Alternaria alternata,Mucor racemosus und Ulocladium chartarum auf die Protozoenpopulation im Pansen des Rindes (in vitro)

The influence of moulded hay (Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum, Mucor racemosus, Ulocladium chartarum) and the efficiency of Vitamin B1 substitution to cope these effects on rumen protozoa was investigated using the longterm rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) for about 25 days. Moulded hay affected medium-sized protozoa to a different extent (Alternaria alternata: ?16 %, Epicoccum nigrum: ?27 %, Mucor racemosus: ?9 %, Ulocladium chartarum: +2 %). The vitamin B1 substitution had positive effects during the feeding of Mucor racemosus and Ulocladium chartarum.     

Moniliformin,deoxynivalenol, 3Acetyldeoxynivalenol and zearalenone — Mycotoxins associated with corn cob fusariosis in Poland

An isolated rat liver was perfused with deoxynivalenol (DON) at a dose of 3 mg in a recirculating perfusion system. To identify glucuronide conjugates equal amounts of bile samples, perfusate and liver homogenates were incubated with and without (control) a β-glucuronidase preparation and analyzed by thin layer chromatography and capillary gas liquid chromatography — chemical ionization mass spectrometry. A total of 40.4% of the administered dose of DON was found to be conjugated with glucuronic acid (perfusate 20.4%, bile 19.2%, liver 0.8%), while only 1.3% of the parent DON (perfusate 1.1%, bile 0.2%) was detected. The cleavage of DON-glucuronide was demonstrated by incubating DON-glucuronide containing bile samples with intestine contents under anaerobic conditions.     

Fused cells of frog proximal tubule: I. Basic membrane properties

Summary Patch-clamp techniques were used to study a K channel in the cell membrane of MDCK cells. This cell line derives from the kidney of a normal dog, presumably from the distal nephron, a region involved in potassium secretion. The cells were cultured in confluent monolayers and approached from the apical side. The K channel we describe is Ca²⁺ and voltage activated, has a conductance of 221±7 pS, and can be inhibited by 10mm tetraethylammonium and by 1mm quinidine, but not by 4-aminopyridine, nor by 1mm Ba²⁺ added to the outer side. Using the whole-cell configuration, we find that most of the cationic conductance of the membrane is constituted by a K-specific one (maximum K conductance 32.1±3.9 nSvs. a leak conductance of 1.01±0.17 nS). Comparisons of the maximum K conductance with that of a single K channel indicates that an MDCK cell has an average of 145 such channels. The membrane capacity is 24.5±1.4 pF.     

MacELISA、RPHI和IFAT用于流行性出血热早期诊断的比较

比较了IgM捕获ELISA(MacELISA)、反向间接血凝抑制试验(RPHI)和间接免疫荧光抗体试验(IFAT)检测流行性出血热(EHF)病人血清特异性抗体的结果。MacELISA对急性期血清IgM抗体的阳性检出率与RPHI对总抗体的阳性检出率相近,两法都具有较高的敏感性。而IFAT检测IgG抗体的阳性率则较低。总抗体滴度(RPHI)与IgG抗体滴度(IFAT)相关(r=0.542,P<0.01),而与IgM抗体滴度(MacELISA)无明显相关(r<0.1)。但进一步研究发现,3日内血清IgM抗体滴度与总抗体滴度(RPHI)存在相关关系(r=0.701,P<0.01),表明IgM抗体可能也与发病初期RPHI的较高的阳性检出率有关。本工作表明,MacELISA作为一种早期诊断方法具有高度的特异性和敏感性,而RPHI操作简便、快速、敏感性高,但存在一定的非特异性。研究还发现,流行区临床诊断为EHF的病人,IFAT(IgG)和RPHI检测均阳性,而MacELISA(IgM)阴性,提示用RPHI进行血清学诊断时,检查双份血清是必要的。     

Morphology and Taxonomy of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apristurus longicephahis</Emphasis> (Lamniformes,Seyliorhinidae)

Data on the individual variation and changes with growth in proportions and morphology are presented for the poorly known Apristurus longicephalus, and compared with those of other species. A. longicephalus is concluded to be a distinct species without synonyms, characterized by its long snout, widely separate nostrils, long caudal fin, short abdomen, very sparse teeth, and low number of monospondylous vertebrae. It is a species of small size, maturing at about 42 cm in total length.     

Scale Growth and Squamation Chronology for the Laboratory-Reared Hermaphroditic Fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rivulus marmoratus</Emphasis> (Cyprinodontidae)

Scale morphology, growth and the squarnation chronology are described for the hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus reared in the laboratory. The scales are round or oval shaped cycloid type, and their sizes are about 0.3–1.0 mm in diameter. The number of ridges increases more rapidly relative to the body growth of the fish in early stages, but this increase is proportionate to growth subsequently. Three loci of scale development have been identified. The scales first appeared on the center of the parietal region at 8 days after hatching. The second locus of scale formation was on the lateral line of the posterior end of the caudal peduncle. A third locus was later observed on the lower right corner of the operculum: The final squamation was completed at 6 weeks after hatching.     

热应激时大鼠肺组织中β—肾上腺素受体的变化与膜磷...

To explore the relationship between the change of beta-adrenoceptor and the metabolism of phospholipids in lung tissue from acute heat stressed rats, the Bmax of beta-adrenoceptors, the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), the content of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS), and membrane fluidity in lung tissue of normal and heat stressed rats were investigated. The relevant parameter values mentioned above were 479 +/- 94 fmol/mg protein, 78.5 +/- 8.2 U, 53.5 +/- 1.7 mg/g.wet. w. and 425.1 +/- 68.1 micrograms/g.wet. w. respectively. Whereas in the heat stressed rats with rectal temperature raised to 42 degrees C for 15 min, the Bmax of beta-adrenoceptor was decreased by 43% (P less than 0.01), the activity of PLA2 increased by 83% (P less than 0.01), the contents of PC and PS decreased by 50% and 47% (P less than 0.01) respectively. A lower membrane fluidity in lung tissue for heat stressed rats was also demonstrated. The results suggest that the decreased binding sites of beta-adrenoceptor in lung tissue of rat during hyperthermia may be contributed to the activation of PLA2, which then accelerated the catabolism of phospholipids such as PC and PS in the cell plasma membrane, with a consequent alteration of membrane fluidity.