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41.
Xiaoman Li Liang Wang Jialin Hao Qingfeng Zhu Min Guo Changjing Wu Sihui Li Qiqiang Guo Qiuhong Ren Ning Bai Fei Yi Bo Jiang Wenyu Zhang Yanling Feng Hongde Xu Han Jiang Xiaoyue Zhai Guohua Zhang Hong-long Ji Xuesong Yang Dan Zhang Jianhua Fu Jianjun Chang Xiaoyu Song Liu Cao 《International journal of biological sciences》2022,18(3):1107
The lamellar body (LB), a concentric structure loaded with surfactant proteins and phospholipids, is an organelle specific to type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AT2). However, the origin of LBs has not been fully elucidated. We have previously reported that autophagy regulates Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) formation, and here we demonstrated that autophagy is involved in LB maturation, another lysosome-related organelle. We found that during development, LBs were transformed from autophagic vacuoles containing cytoplasmic contents such as glycogen. Fusion between LBs and autophagosomes was observed in wild-type neonate mice. Moreover, the markers of autophagic activity, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), largely co-localized on the limiting membrane of the LB. Both autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7) global knockout and conditional Atg7 knockdown in AT2 cells in mice led to defects in LB maturation and surfactant protein B production. Additionally, changes in autophagic activity altered LB formation and surfactant protein B production. Taken together, these results suggest that autophagy plays a critical role in the regulation of LB formation during development and the maintenance of LB homeostasis during adulthood. 相似文献
42.
寇氏隐甲藻(Crypthecodinium cohnii)细胞核骨架与中间纤维... 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
Nuclear matrix (NM) and intermediate filament (IF) scaffold in primitive eukaryote Crypthecodinium cohnii were shown using selective extraction together with embedment-free electron microscopy, whole mount cell preparation and immunoblot techniques. There exists a delicate NM-IF network spreading over cytoplasm and nucleus in dinoflagellate cells, however, nuclear lamina is undeveloped. The diameter of NM fiber is about 3-5 nm and IF is 10 nm. Chromosomes are connected with NM filament network. Immunoblot analysis showed that dinoflagellate contained keratin-like polypeptides (63 kD and 67 kD) while mammalian lamin antibodies did not crossreact with dinoflagellate total protein. Our experiment results demonstrated that a framework similar to NM-IF scaffold in mammalian cell appeared in primitive eukaryote. We propose that: (1) NM-IF scaffold is not restrict to vertebrate cell, and it may be originated from early stages of eukaryote evolution; (2) Keratin is probably very conservative; (3) Compared with IF, lamina might appear late in evolution, and some of primitive characteristics of dinoflagellate nucleus may be related to the lack of lamina. 相似文献
43.
静电场对苜蓿愈伤组织抗寒能力的影响 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
用正负高压静电场 (HVEF)处理苜蓿叶片来源的愈伤组织后 ,在4℃下暗培养。我们发现静电场处理可不同程度地提高愈伤组织的淀粉酶 ,过氧化物酶 ,和超氧化物岐化酶的活性和可溶性蛋白的含量 ,促进愈伤组织对冷害的防御能力。在冷处理过程中 ,细胞膜中饱和脂肪酸 (棕榈梭和硬脂酸 )和不饱和脂肪梭含量先升高然后降低 ,而高压静电场处理组的不饱和脂肪酸 (油酸、亚油酸、α -亚麻酸、β-亚麻酸 )含量高于对照组 ,脂肪酸不饱和指数 (UIFA)也高于对照组 ,这说明静电场处理可促进愈伤组织细胞抗寒能力提高。此外 ,丙二醛 (MDA)含量在静电场处理组低于对照组的测定结果也验证了前面的结果。 相似文献
44.
Chong-Jun Yang Zhi-Xi Zhai Yu-Hai Guo Peng Gao 《植物学报(英文版)》2007,49(4):550-555
We investigated the role of the "sieve tube-companion cell complex" lining the tube periphery, particularly the microfilament and microtubule, in assisting the pushing of phloem sap flow. We made a simple phloem transport system with a living radish plant, in which the conducting channel was exposed for local treatment with chemicals that are effective in modulating protoplasmic movement (acetylcholine, (ACh) a neurotransmitter in animals and insects; cytochalasin B, (CB) a specific inhibitor of many cellular responses that are mediated by microfilament systems and amiprophos-methyl, (APM) a specific inhibitor of many cellular responses that are mediated by microtubule systems). Their effects on phloem transport were estimated by two experimental devices: (i) a comparison of changes in the amount of assimilates in terms of carbohydrates and ^14C-labeled photosynthetic production that is left in the leaf blade of treated plants; and (ii) distribution patterns of ^14C-labeled leaf assimilates in the phloem transport system. The results indicate that CB and APM markedly inhibited the transfer of photosynthetic product from leaf to root via the leaf vein, while ACh enhanced the transfer of photosynthetic product in low concentrations (5.0×10^-4 mol/L) but inhibited it in higher concentrations (2.0×10^-3 mol/L) from leaf to root via the leaf vein. Autoradiograph imaging clearly reveals that ACh treatment is more effective than the control, and both CB and APM treatments effectively inhibit the passage of radioactive assimilates. All of the results support the postulation that the peripheral protoplasm in the sieve tube serves not only as a passive semi-permeable membrane, but is also directly involved in phloem transport. 相似文献
45.
Hiesinger PR Zhai RG Zhou Y Koh TW Mehta SQ Schulze KL Cao Y Verstreken P Clandinin TR Fischbach KF Meinertzhagen IA Bellen HJ 《Current biology : CB》2006,16(18):1835-1843
Specifying synaptic partners and regulating synaptic numbers are at least partly activity-dependent processes during visual map formation in all systems investigated to date . In Drosophila, six photoreceptors that view the same point in visual space have to be sorted into synaptic modules called cartridges in order to form a visuotopically correct map . Synapse numbers per photoreceptor terminal and cartridge are both precisely regulated . However, it is unknown whether an activity-dependent mechanism or a genetically encoded developmental program regulates synapse numbers. We performed a large-scale quantitative ultrastructural analysis of photoreceptor synapses in mutants affecting the generation of electrical potentials (norpA, trp;trpl), neurotransmitter release (hdc, syt), vesicle endocytosis (synj), the trafficking of specific guidance molecules during photoreceptor targeting (sec15), a specific guidance receptor required for visual map formation (Dlar), and 57 other novel synaptic mutants affecting 43 genes. Remarkably, in all these mutants, individual photoreceptors form the correct number of synapses per presynaptic terminal independently of cartridge composition. Hence, our data show that each photoreceptor forms a precise and constant number of afferent synapses independently of neuronal activity and partner accuracy. Our data suggest cell-autonomous control of synapse numbers as part of a developmental program of activity-independent steps that lead to a "hard-wired" visual map in the fly brain. 相似文献
46.
47.
HBV病毒感染可引起急慢性肝炎[1],尽管有效的预防性疫苗使用已超过20年,但HBV感染引起死亡人数仍位居前10位,而且当今世界上多于5%的人口(4个亿)为HBV携带者,5%~10%成年感染及40%~90%婴幼儿感染可发展为慢性感染,每年死于HBV相关的肝硬化与肝癌病人多于25万[1]。目前HBV的抗病毒治疗不仅价格昂贵、副作用大、疗效有限,而且易产生耐药性。因此,应研发HBV治疗性疫苗,使用抗病毒治疗与治疗性疫苗相结合的乙肝组合免疫治疗方法。1 HBV感染后的免疫应答与临床转归HBV感染肝细胞造成的肝损伤主要由宿主对病毒感染肝细胞的免疫应答及炎性… 相似文献
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49.
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is considered as one of the primary causes of low-rice productivity in acid soils. In the present study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling Al resistance based on relative root elongation (RRE) were dissected using a complete linkage map and a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of Al-tolerant japonica cultivar Asominori (Oryza sativa L.) and Al-sensitive indica cultivar IR24 (O. sativa L.). A total of three QTLs (qRRE-1, qRRE-9, and qRRE-11) were detected on chromosomes 1, 9, and 11 with LOD score ranging from 2.64 to 3.60 and the phenotypic variance explained from 13.5 to 17.7%. The Asominori alleles were all associated with Al resistance at all the three QTLs. The existence of these QTLs was confirmed using Asominori chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) in IR24 genetic background (IAS). By QTL comparative analysis, the two QTLs (qRRE-1and qRRE-9) on chromosomes 1 and 9 appeared to be consistent among different rice populations while qRRE-11 was newly detected and syntenic with a major Al resistance gene on chromosome 10 of maize. This region may provide an important case for isolating genes responsible for different mechanisms of Al resistance among different cereals. These results also provide the possibilities of enhancing Al resistance in rice breeding program by marker-assisted selection (MAS) and pyramiding QTLs. 相似文献
50.