新疆棉花黄萎病棉株与健康棉株内生古菌定量及其时空变化规律

【背景】现今棉花黄萎病严重阻碍棉花的稳定高产,妨碍棉花产业的发展。在生物防治中内生菌潜力巨大,但关于内生古菌含量在棉花黄萎病棉株的变化规律鲜有报道。【目的】研究不同生育期以及不同植棉地区黄萎病棉株和健康棉株内生古菌的分类学信息和数量变化规律。【方法】采用Miseq高通量测序和taqMan探针实时荧光定量PCR技术,对新疆棉花黄萎病棉株、健康棉株不同生育期和不同典型生态区的内生古菌进行定量分析。【结果】内生古菌在新疆各采样地和不同生育期的棉花黄萎病棉株、健康棉株内的群落组成相似。在不同生育期,新疆黄萎病、健康棉株内生古菌数量呈先增加后减少然后趋于平缓的趋势,蕾期达到最高值。在不同地区,新疆黄萎病棉株内生古菌数量在北疆地区最高,其次是东疆地区,最后是南疆地区。健康棉株则是南疆地区最高,东疆次之,北疆最低。【结论】新疆黄萎病棉株、健康棉株内生古菌数量在不同的生育期以及不同空间存在较大差异,整体变化趋势显著,可为后续研究提供相关理论支撑。     

Involvement of IGF-I receptor and estrogen receptor pathways in the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 against Aβ25–35-induced toxicity in PC12 cells

Ginsenoside Rg1 is the main pharmacologically active compound of ginsenosides and has demonstrated pharmacological effects in the cardiovascular system, central nervous system and immune system. The involvement of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR)-dependent pathway and estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent pathway in the biological effect of ginsenoside Rg1 have been demonstrated in our previous study. The present study tested the hypothesis that the protective effects of Rg1 against Aβ_25–35-induced toxicity involved activation of the IGF-IR and ER signaling pathways in PC12 cells. Treatment with Aβ_25–35 decreased the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in PC12 cells. Rg1 pretreatment resulted in an enhancement of survival and the maximum protection occurred at the concentration of 1 μM. Co-treatment with IGF-IR antagonist JB-1 or ER antagonist ICI182,780 could completely block the protective effect of Rg1. The decreased Bcl-2 mRNA expression induced by Aβ_25–35 could be restored by Rg1 pretreatment. Rg1 pretreatment could also restore the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential induced by Aβ_25–35 and these effects could be completely blocked by JB-1 or ICI182,780. In addition, Rg1 treatment alone could significantly increase the phosphorylation level of MEK and ERK in a time-dependent manner and the functional transactivation of ERα in PC12 cells. The functional transactivation of ERα by Rg1 could be completely blocked by JB-1 or ICI182,780. Taken together, our results suggest that IGF-IR and ER signaling pathways might be involved in the protective effect of Rg1 against Aβ_25–35-induced toxicity in PC12 cells.     

A brief introduction of meta-analyses in clinical practice and research

With the explosive growth of medical information, it is almost impossible for healthcare providers to review and evaluate all relevant evidence to make the best clinical decisions. Meta-analyses, which summarize all existing evidence and quantitatively synthesize individual studies, have become the best available evidence for informing clinical practice. This article introduces the common methods, steps, principles, strengths and limitations of meta-analyses and aims to help healthcare providers and researchers obtain a basic understanding of meta-analyses in clinical practice and research.