高脂摄入对小鼠空肠微生物群落结构及功能的损伤

探讨高脂饲养对动物肠道菌群结构及功能的影响。

选择60只8周龄的清洁级雌性KM小鼠, 随机分为3组: 正常饮食组(ND组)、高脂饮食组(HD组)和饥饿组(LD组), 每组20只。预饲期2周, 正饲期4周, 实验结束称重后处死小鼠, 采集小鼠空肠内容物, 采用16S rDNA测序技术分析空肠菌群结构多样性和功能差异。

(1) 不同饲喂方式下各组小鼠体质量变化差异有统计学意义(F=48.859 0, P < 0.05);(2)16S rDNA分析表明, ND组、HD组和LD组小鼠空肠菌群OTUs数量分别为1 218、1 724和1 769个, 其中特有OTUs数量HD组和LD组显著高于ND组, HD组和LD组的Chao1指数和Ace指数显著高于ND组(F=136.747 0、275.740 0, 均P < 0.05);(3)不同饲喂方式下小鼠空肠鉴定出的微生物归为12个门, Bacteroidota和Firmicutes为优势菌门; 丰度大于1%的菌属有17个, 物种注释发现HD组和LD组分别有11个、6个菌属丰度显著增加; 在科水平, Bacteroidaceae和Erysipelotrichaceae在HD组显著高于其他2组(F=5.795 0、154.733 0, 均P < 0.05), Lactobacillaceae和Muribaculaceae在LD组显著高于其他2组(F=9.576 0、7.139 0, 均P < 0.05), Prevotellaceae和Helicobacteraceae在ND组显著高于其他2组(F=130.123 0、20.321 0, 均P < 0.05);(4)KEGG功能预测发现不同饲喂方式小鼠空肠微生物的功能主要在碳水化合物代谢、复制和修复等方面富集; 通过PPIs聚类发现空肠微生物主要富集在碳水化合物代谢、能量吸收等方面。

高脂饲喂使小鼠肠道菌群结构发生变化, 有益菌数量减少, 进而损伤肠道上皮组织, 破坏肠道屏障, 使其功能发生紊乱。

     

云南省拉市海越冬灰鹤的生境利用研究

2006年2～3月,在云南省丽江拉市海自然保护区对越冬灰鹤 Grus grus生境的利用情况进行了调查.初步了解了越冬灰鹤的生境选择,同时应用模糊综合评价法对鸟类生境进行评价.结果 发现灰鹤对该区域各类型生境均有利用,但对不同特征的生境具有不同的选择性.通过对越冬灰鹤的生境进行因子分析,结果表明:影响越冬灰鹤生境选择的因子依次是食物(贡献率为39.211%),隐蔽性(20.426%),干扰(18.358%),水源(16.967%).因此与之相应的小麦地和豌豆地非常适合灰鹤的越冬需求,评价结果也显示这两类生境状况为"优",而相对差的为杂草地和草滩两类生境.     

Excessive processing and acetylation of OPA1 aggravate age-related hearing loss via the dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics

The pathogenesis of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) remains unclear. OPA1 is the sole fusion protein currently known to be situated in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is pivotal for maintaining normal mitochondrial function. While it has already been demonstrated that mutations in OPA1 may lead to hereditary deafness, its involvement in the occurrence and development of ARHL has not been previously explored. In our study, we constructed D-gal-induced senescent HEI-OC1 cells and the cochlea of C57BL/6J mice with a mutated SUMOylation site of SIRT3 using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We found enhanced L-OPA1 processing mediated by activated OMA1, and increased OPA1 acetylation resulting from reductions in SIRT3 levels in senescent HEI-OC1 cells. Consequently, the fusion function of OPA1 was inhibited, leading to mitochondrial fission and pyroptosis in hair cells, ultimately exacerbating the aging process of hair cells. Our results suggest that the dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics in cochlear hair cells in aged mice can be ameliorated by activating the SIRT3/OPA1 signaling. This has the potential to alleviate the senescence of cochlear hair cells and reduce hearing loss in mice. Our study highlights the significant roles played by the quantities of long and short chains and the acetylation activity of OPA1 in the occurrence and development of ARHL. This finding offers new perspectives and potential targets for the prevention and treatment of ARHL.     

Deep mutational scanning and massively parallel kinetics of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 functional stability to probe its latency transition

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily of proteins, is unique among serine protease inhibitors for exhibiting a spontaneous conformational change to a latent or inactive state. The functional half-life for this transition at physiologic temperature and pH is ∼1 to 2 h. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this transition, we now report on the analysis of a comprehensive PAI-1 variant library expressed on filamentous phage and selected for functional stability after 48 h at 37 °C. Of the 7201 possible single amino acid substitutions in PAI-1, we identified 439 that increased the functional stability of PAI-1 beyond that of the WT protein. We also found 1549 single amino acid substitutions that retained inhibitory activity toward the canonical target protease of PAI-1 (urokinase-like plasminogen activator), whereas exhibiting functional stability less than or equal to that of WT PAI-1. Missense mutations that increase PAI-1 functional stability are concentrated in highly flexible regions within the PAI-1 structure. Finally, we developed a method for simultaneously measuring the functional half-lives of hundreds of PAI-1 variants in a multiplexed, massively parallel manner, quantifying the functional half-lives for 697 single missense variants of PAI-1 by this approach. Overall, these findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the latency transition of PAI-1 and provide a database for interpreting human PAI-1 genetic variants.     

Research progress on the synthesis and pharmacology of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives: a mini review

Oxadiazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-oxadiazole have favourable physical, chemical, and pharmacokinetic properties, which significantly increase their pharmacological activity via hydrogen bond interactions with biomacromolecules. In recent years, oxadiazole has been demonstrated to be the biologically active unit in a number of compounds. Oxadiazole derivatives exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculous, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic and anticancer activities. In this paper, we report a series of compounds containing oxadiazole rings that have been published in the last three years only (2020–2022) as there was no report or their activities described in any article in 2019, which will be useful to scientists in research fields of organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology.     

海珠国家湿地公园浮游植物群落结构时空变化

浮游植物是湿地生态系统的重要组成成分,其数量及群落结构变化会对湿地生态系统的结构和功能产生重要影响。为了解海珠国家湿地公园浮游植物群落结构及时空动态变化特征,于2017年冬、2018年夏两季分别进行了调查。结果表明:海珠国家湿地公园共检到浮游植物171种,隶属7门64属,其中绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门种类分别占总种类的44%、26%和13%;广州平裂藻(Merismopedia cantonensis)和细小平裂藻(Merismopedia minima)在两季均为优势种,冬季啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)也较多;浮游植物群落结构、丰度与生物多样性指数具有明显季节变化,冬季硅藻和绿藻占优,分别占藻类总丰度的32%和29%;夏季蓝藻占绝对优势,占68%;夏季浮游植物平均丰度达(25.58±18.47)×10⁶cells·L^-1,约为冬季的3倍; Shannon物种多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数冬季分别为4.38和0.77,夏季分别为2.92和0.51;从空间上看,海珠湖浮游植物种类、多样性指数均较低,而丰度较高;塘涌和西江涌硅藻...     

基于植物-土壤反馈的不同绿肥驯化微生物对玉米生长的影响

【背景】在农田生态系统中,土壤微生物与植物互作的机制仍不清楚。【目的】进一步加强对植物-微生物互作的认识,筛选出引起不同反馈作用的关键微生物或微生物类群。【方法】采集豆科绿肥救荒野豌豆(Vicia sativa, V)、十字花科绿肥油菜(Brassica napus, N)和荒坡土壤(remnant prairie, R)驯化的田块土壤0-20 cm作为菌剂在温室进行植物-土壤反馈(plant-soil feedback,PSF)试验。土壤菌剂的接种量为10%,即有90%理化性质一致的灭菌土壤作为背景土,同时设置灭菌土壤菌剂作为对照(CK),种植玉米。每组土壤菌剂处理均分为50 mg/kg高磷(high phosphorus,HP)和5 mg/kg低磷(low phosphorus, LP)两个磷浓度处理。玉米收获后,测定产量和植株地上部磷含量,并取土壤样品进行高通量测序,解析不同养分供给情况下微生物对作物生长的反馈效应。【结果】高磷和土壤反馈效应均促进了玉米的生长。在低磷水平下,V、N和R处理的玉米地上部生物量均高于CK处理,但N处理的玉米地上部生物量增加最多(38%),且增幅显著高...     

长江中游地区农业生态效率空间关联网络演化及驱动因素

厘清农业生态效率空间关联的网络特征及驱动因素对践行绿色发展理念、实现区域协同治理具有重要意义。基于2001-2019年长江中游地区38个地级市的面板数据,采用超效率至强有效前沿最近距离(MINDS)模型测度各地级市的农业生态效率,运用引力模型对长江中游地区农业生态效率的空间关联关系进行识别,进而利用社会网络分析方法和二次指派程序(QAP)方法揭示其网络结构演化特征和驱动因素。研究表明:(1)长江中游地区农业生态效率的空间关联关系表现出复杂的网络结构形态,空间关联网络具有高通达性且等级结构趋于松散,但网络稳定性却趋于下降;(2)武汉市和长沙市在空间关联网络中居核心地位,既扮演中心行动者角色又兼具"中介"和"桥梁"功能;岳阳市、黄石市等省际边界地级市在网络中则扮演边缘行动者角色;(3)空间关联网络核心-边缘结构由"十五"时期的"大聚集、小分散"演变为"十三五"时期的"大分散、小聚集",核心区由中部聚集转变为向四周发散;(4)地理空间的邻接、地区农业产业地位、财政支出、经济发展水平的相近以及交通运输水平的差异均有助于空间关联网络的形成。     

基于水足迹的山东省农业水土资源匹配特征及短缺压力分析

高强度农业开发引起的农业水土资源生态问题日益增多,探究粮食及蔬菜（粮蔬）生产中水土资源空间配置及短缺压力对农业资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。从水足迹视角出发,分析了山东省3种主要粮食作物（冬小麦、玉米及大豆）和两种不同种植模式蔬菜（设施蔬菜和露地蔬菜）的生产水足迹空间特征;同时将资源数量及资源质量的概念纳入研究框架,分析了农业水土资源数量及质量匹配格局差异,并进一步探究了农业水土资源短缺压力及其影响因素。研究结果表明：（1）2019年,山东省粮食和蔬菜的生产总水足迹为811亿m³,其中粮食生产总水足迹占比78.50%,蔬菜生产总水足迹占比21.50%;粮蔬生产水足迹受地势影响明显,鲁西北及鲁西南平原地区的粮蔬生产水足迹占比较大。（2）考虑资源数量的水土资源匹配系数均值为0.622×10⁴ m³/hm²,考虑资源质量的匹配系数均值为0.416×10⁴ m³/hm²;水土资源数量及质量匹配系数在空间上呈现出一致性,表明山东省农业生产水土资源空间配置水平高的地区同时面临着较大的农业面源污染压力。（3）整体上,土地资源短缺压力略高于水资源短缺压力;基于生产视角的水土资源短缺压力受生产环境因素制约显著,受经济发展因素的影响具有差异性,社会因素对水土资源短缺压力无显著影响。研究可为农业资源可持续管理提供数据基础,为全面理解粮蔬生产所产生的水土资源短缺提供案例参考。