一株粘质沙雷氏菌烈性噬菌体污水分离及特性

[目的]以粘质沙雷氏菌(8039)为宿主菌从医院污水中分离噬菌体并对其基本生物学特点进行研究.[方法]四步法污水分离噬菌体;单、双层平板噬菌斑实验筛选烈性噬菌体并观察噬菌斑形态;纯化后2%磷钨酸染色电镜观察;手工法提取噬菌体核酸酶切后琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析;利用双层平板噬菌斑实验测定最佳感染复数和完成一步生长实验.[结果]从医院污水中成功分离出粘质沙雷氏菌烈性噬菌体一株(SM701),该噬菌体有一个正多面体立体对称的头部,头径约64nm,无囊膜,有一长尾,无收缩尾鞘,尾长约143nm;基因组核酸能被双链DNA内切酶BamH Ⅰ及Hind Ⅲ切开,大小约57kb;噬菌斑圆形透明,直径1mm左右(培养12h,),边界清楚;当感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI)为10时,子代噬菌体滴度较高;按照一步生长实验结果绘制出一步生长曲线,可知感染宿主菌的潜伏期是约为30min,爆发期约100min,平均爆发量约为630[结论]按照国际病毒分类委员会分类标准,该噬菌体属于长尾噬菌体科(siphoviridae)烈性噬菌体,按照Bradley和Ackermann形态分类法属于B1亚群;噬菌斑与周围红色细菌生长区,颜色差异明显,非常便于观察和计数;噬菌体头部大小和形态与呼吸道病毒中的呼肠病毒和腺病毒最为接近;国内尚未见粘质沙雷氏菌噬菌体相关报道.     

高效液相色谱测定发酵液中1，3－二羟基丙酮（DHA）方法的建立

摘要：本文建立了简单且准确的测定1,3-二羟基丙酮（DHA）的高效液相色谱（HPLC）方法。以Alltima C18（5μm,250×4.6mm）为分离柱,5％甲醇水溶液（0.05％H3PO4调pH至3.0）,流速为1mL/min,用紫外检测器在200nm处检测DHA。结果测得DHA标准样品的保留时间为6.2min,并测得DHA的线性范围为0.1～10.0 g/L。用HPLC法测得以甘油为底物发酵产DHA发酵液中DHA含量为6.2 g/L。并证明高效液相色谱法可有效应用于产DHA发酵过程中产物的检测。     

力学环境对软骨基质代谢的影响

正常关节软骨所受压力是由动态压力与静态压力交替完成。压力引起软骨一系列生理变化包括细胞及细胞外基质成分变形、组织内液体流动、水流电位和生理生化变化。这些变化直接调控细胞外基质代谢。体外构建有良好功能的组织工程化软骨是目前软骨病变、缺损理想的修复方法。研究力学环境对软骨基质代谢的影响,对构建组织工程化软骨有深远意义。     

科尔沁沙地湖泊消涨对气候变化的响应

湖泊是受气候变化影响显著的地理单元之一,不同地区湖泊消涨与气候变化关系的分析是理解陆地水文过程对未来气候变化响应的关键之一。对干旱、半干旱地区而言,湖泊消涨对气候变化的响应是干旱区生态保护和未来可持续发展的重要指征。气候变化对湖泊的影响研究在不同的区域已有较多的研究,但是针对湖泊群且基于湖泊大小分级和不同降水强度的对应研究还很鲜见。有鉴于此,作者在RS和GIS技术支持下,采用湖泊大小和降水强度分级的方法,分析了科尔沁沙地湖泊群消涨与气候变化的关系。在1971-2010年间,年均气温波动升高和降水量波动减少是该区域的主要气候变化特点。从5年移动平均分析来看,1990年是气温变化的转折点,1991-2010年的平均气温7.36（?0.55）℃,高于全球同期平均增温0.52℃。在1975-2009年间,科尔沁沙地湖泊面积和数量的变化趋势呈抛物线型减少,在1995年湖泊面积与数量最高。进入21世纪,湖泊面积萎缩、数量减少呈明显的加快趋势。到2009年,面积>0.05km2湖泊数量仅为81个,不足高峰期（1995年）的11%;湖泊总面积为4375.0hm2,不到1995年的26%。本研究表明,湖泊消涨主要受到年降水量波动影响,与年内降水分布格局无关,气温变化的影响不显著。     

Protein kinase C delta null mice exhibit structural alterations in articular surface,intra-articular and subchondral compartments

IntroductionStructural alterations in intra-articular and subchondral compartments are hallmarks of osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease that causes pain and disability in the aging population. Protein kinase C delta (PKC-δ) plays versatile functions in cell growth and differentiation, but its role in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone is not known.MethodsHistological analysis including alcian blue, safranin O staining and fluorochrome labeling were used to reveal structural alterations at the articular cartilage surface and bone–cartilage interface in PKC-δ knockout (KO) mice. The morphology and organization of chondrocytes were studied using confocal microscopy. Glycosaminoglycan content was studied by micromass culture of chondrocytes of PKC-δ KO mice.ResultsWe uncovered atypical structural demarcation between articular cartilage and subchondral bone of PKC-δ KO mice. Histology analyses revealed a thickening of the articular cartilage and calcified bone–cartilage interface, and decreased safranin O staining accompanied by an increase in the number of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the articular cartilage of PKC-δ KO mice. Interestingly, loss of demarcation between articular cartilage and bone was concomitant with irregular chondrocyte morphology and arrangement. Consistently, in vivo calcein labeling assay showed an increased intensity of calcein labeling in the interface of the growth plate and metaphysis in PKC-δ KO mice. Furthermore, in vitro culture of chondrocyte micromass showed a decreased alcian blue staining of chondrocyte micromass in the PKC-δ KO mice, indicative of a reduced level of glycosaminoglycan production.ConclusionsOur data imply a role for PKC-δ in the osteochondral plasticity of the interface between articular cartilage and the osteochondral junction.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0720-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Functional comparison of metallothioneins MTT1 and MTT2 from Tetrahymena thermophila

Metallothioneins MTT1 and MTT2 from Tetrahymena thermophila have been characterized. The MTT1 contains mainly characteristic Cys-Cys-Cys and Cys-Cys clusters, but MTT2 contains mainly Cys-X-Cys cluster. Cd₁₆-MTT1 mainly consists of α-helix and β-turns, in contrast, Cd₁₁-MTT2 mainly consists of random coils. Reaction of Cd₁₆-MTT1 and Cd₁₁-MTT2 with nitric oxide leads to intramolecular disulfide bond formation, respectively. Binding stabilities of Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ to MTT1 are stronger than those to MTT2. Cu²⁺ can not replace Cd²⁺ from Cd₁₆-MTT1 complex, but can replace Cd²⁺ from Cd₁₁-MTT2 complex. The analysis of qRT-PCR revealed MTT2 mRNA levels were 31-fold higher than those of MTT1 under basal conditions. These results further suggest MTT1 possibly play a role in the detoxification of heavy metal ions, and MTT2 may be involved in the homeostasis of copper ions.     

Mutations in the fumarate hydratase gene cause hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer in families in North America

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by smooth-muscle tumors of the skin and uterus and/or renal cancer. Although the identification of germline mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene in European families supports it as the susceptibility gene for HLRCC, its role in families in North America has not been studied. We screened for germline mutations in FH in 35 families with cutaneous leiomyomas. Sequence analysis revealed mutations in FH in 31 families (89%). Twenty different mutations in FH were identified, of which 18 were novel. Of these 20 mutations, 2 were insertions, 5 were small deletions that caused frameshifts leading to premature truncation of the protein, and 13 were missense mutations. Eleven unrelated families shared a common mutation: R190H. Eighty-one individuals (47 women and 34 men) had cutaneous leiomyomas. Ninety-eight percent (46/47) of women with cutaneous leiomyomas also had uterine leiomyomas. Eighty-nine percent (41/46) of women with cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas had a total hysterectomy, 44% at age < or =30 years. We identified 13 individuals in 5 families with unilateral and solitary renal tumors. Seven individuals from four families had papillary type II renal cell carcinoma, and another individual from one of these families had collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. The present study shows that mutations in FH are associated with HLRCC in North America. HLRCC is associated with clinically significant uterine fibroids and aggressive renal tumors. The present study also expands the histologic spectrum of renal tumors and FH mutations associated with HLRCC.     

记山西榆社晚新生代鹿科化石两新种

本文记述了山西榆社盆地晚新生代鹿科化石中的两个新种:Eucladoceros proboulei sp.nov.和Procapreolus jinensis sp.nov.,并列出了已鉴定完毕的所有产于榆社盆地晚新生代地层的鹿类动物化石单.     

专一转化人参二醇类皂苷Rb1为Rd的真菌菌株的筛选

于2009年的7－10月间在辽宁省的桓仁,吉林省的集安、靖宇、抚松等药材产区采集人参及人参根际土壤样品45份。通过真菌分离和培养,共获得真菌菌株105株,经形态学鉴定分属于15属48种。通过活性筛选,得到具有转化人参总皂苷活性的菌株25株,其中菌株SR87和SR105对人参皂苷Rb1具有专一转化活性。通过TLC和HPLC检测,其转化产物为人参皂苷Rd。经形态学鉴定,确定阳性菌株SR87为莫勒接霉Zygorhynchus moelleri,SR105为灰绿犁头霉Absidia glauca。这两株真菌均有较高的转化潜力,可以应用于制备人参皂苷Rd。