Nucleolin interacts with the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus replicase RdRp,nonstructural proteins p16 and p23, playing a role in virus replication

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is a member of the Caliciviridae family and cannot be propagated in vitro, which has impeded the progress of investigating its replication mechanism. Construction of an RHDV replicon system has recently provided a platform for exploring RHDV replication in host cells. Here, aided by this replicon system and using two-step affinity purification, we purified the RHDV replicase and identified its associated host factors. We identified rabbit nucleolin (NCL) as a physical link, which mediating the interaction between other RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)-related host proteins and the viral replicase RdRp. We found that the overexpression or knockdown of NCL significantly increased or severely impaired RHDV replication in RK-13 cells, respectively. NCL was identified to directly interact with RHDV RdRp, p16, and p23. Furthermore, NCL knockdown severely impaired the binding of RdRp to RdRp-related host factors. Collectively, these results indicate that the host protein NCL is essential for RHDV replication and acts as a physical link between viral replicase and host proteins.     

Viral metagenomics reveals diverse viruses in the fecal samples of children with diarrhea

Diarrhea is the third leading cause of death in developing countries in children under the age of five. About half a million children die of diarrhea every year, most of which in developing countries. Viruses are the main pathogen of diarrhea. In China, the fecal virome of children with diarrhea has been rarely studied. Using an unbiased viral metagenomics approach, we analyzed the fecal virome in children with diarrhea. Many DNA or RNA viruses associated with diarrhea identified in those fecal samples were mainly from six families of Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, and Reoviridae. Among them, the family of Caliciviridae accounts for the largest proportion of 78.42%, following with Adenoviridae (8.94%) and Picornaviridae (8.36%). In addition to those diarrhea-related viruses that have already been confirmed to cause human diarrhea, the viruses not associated with diarrhea were also identified including anellovirus and picobirnavirus. This study increased our understanding of diarrheic children fecal virome and provided valuable information for the prevention and treatment of viral diarrhea in this area.     

Ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 and rodent bocavirus are different genotypes of the same species of virus

Bocaviruses are associated with many human infectious diseases, such as respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis, and hepatitis. Rats are known to be reservoirs of bocaviruses, including rodent bocavirus and rat bocavirus. Recently, ungulate bocaparvovirus 4, a known porcine bocavirus, has also been found in rats. Thus, investigating bocaviruses in rats is important for determining the origin of the viruses and preventing and controlling their transmission. To the best of our knowledge, no study to date has investigated bocaviruses in the livers of rats. In this report, a total of 624 rats were trapped in southern China between 2014 and 2017. Liver and serum samples from rats were tested for the prevalence of bocaviruses using PCR. Sequences related to ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 and rodent bocavirus were detected in both liver and serum samples. Interestingly, the prevalence of ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 (reference strain:KJ622366.1) was higher than that of rodent bocavirus (reference strain:KY927868.1) in both liver (2.24% and 0.64%, respectively) and serum samples (2.19% and 0.44%, respectively). The NS1 regions of ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 and rodent bocavirus related sequences displayed over 84% and 88% identity at the nucleic acid and amino acid levels, respectively. Furthermore, these sequences had similar genomic structure, genomic features, and codon usage bias, and shared a common ancestor. These viruses also displayed greater adaptability to rats than pigs. Our results suggested that ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 and rodent bocavirus may originate from rats and may be different genotypes of the same bocavirus species.     

Reverse spillover of SARS-CoV-2 from human to wild animals

<正>The heavily transmitted and mutated SARS-CoV-2 has constitutes a sustained threat to global health. A recent article published in Nature, firstly provided solid evidence confirming the cross-species transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) from human to free-ranging white-tailed deer(Hale et al., 2022).More importantly, circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among deer rapidly resulted into new phylogenetic clades of deer-only viruses which were believed linkin...     

水淹对水芹叶片结构和光系统II光抑制的影响

通过探讨在水淹条件下水芹(Oenanthe javanica)叶片结构的变化以及出水对其光系统II功能和光抑制的影响, 阐明水芹光合机构在水淹条件下及出水后死亡的可能原因。结果表明: 水淹条件下新生沉水功能叶光系统II(PSII)最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm) 、电子传递活性与对照叶片差异很小, 但水淹使气生功能叶的Fv/Fm显著降低; 植株总生物量呈负增长趋势; 活体弱光条件下, 沉水叶出水后2小时叶片相对含水量(RWC)和Fv/Fm无显著变化; 中等光强和强光条件下其RWC和Fv/Fm迅速降低; 离体条件下, 5小时的中等光强对沉水叶的Fv/Fm影响不显著, 在随后的弱光下能恢复到出水时的初始状态; 强光能使沉水叶的Fv/Fm大幅降低, 且弱光下不能恢复到出水时的初始水平; 在解剖结构上, 水芹沉水叶的叶片总厚度、上下表皮厚度和气孔大小都显著低于气生叶, 而且沉水叶没有明显的栅栏组织分化, 但是沉水叶上表皮的气孔密度显著高于气生叶。研究结果表明, 水淹使水芹原气生叶PSII功能迅速衰退, 但对新生沉水叶片影响很小。水芹植株出水后, 沉水叶片结构变化使其在光下保水能力下降, 而强光导致了光合机构的光抑制和反应中心失活。田间条件下两者共同作用则加剧了对叶片光合机构的破坏, 进而致使其死亡。     

三江源国家公园兽类物种多样性及区系分析

为了解三江源国家公园野生兽类的分布现状,2015-2017年对园区进行了实地调查。根据调查结果并参考相关文献资料,三江源国家公园内野生兽类共62种,分别隶属8目19科44属。园区内兽类呈现出物种多样性高,珍稀濒危物种多,特有种多的特点：三江源国家公园内的兽类物种多样性G-F指数为0.77,表明该区域物种多样性处于很高水平。根据中国物种红色名录,20个物种受威胁（极危、濒危和易危）,比例为32.26%,远高于国家整体水平;中国或青藏高原特有种29种,占46.77%。三江源国家公园在动物地理区划上属于古北界青藏区,在地理分布型上,以古北界成分为主,东洋界成分为辅,以古北界高山型成分最多,有25种,且资源量大,表明三江源国家公园的兽类以适应高寒气候的特殊种类为主。3个园区的平均动物区系相似性比较结果表明,长江源园区与澜沧江源园区为共同关系,黄河源园区与长江源园区和澜沧江源园区为密切关系。近些年,三江源地区的兽类保护工作取得了很好的效果,并得到国内外认可,本研究结合园区生物多样性和区系特点,根据保护现状,提出了今后的监测保护建议。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒/丙型肝炎病毒混合感染者免疫细胞和肝生化指标的分析

目的 探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒/丙型肝炎病毒(HIV/HCV)混合感染者的免疫淋巴细胞亚群和肝脏生化指标的特征。方法 检测并分析研究组(40例混合感染HIV/HCV的血友病患者)和对照组(12例单独感染HIV的血友病患者)若干相关实验室指标。结果两组(研究与对照)结果 差异显著的指标分别为:自然杀伤(NK)细胞9.26%±5.98%对12.19%±5.80%,P<0.05;CD4/CD8细胞比值0.39±0.21对0.53±0.24,P<0.05;CD3细胞74.99%±10.33%对68.42%±8.82%,P<0.05;CD8细胞52.28%±12.59%对43.58%±10.99%,P<0.05;丙氨酸氨酶(ALT)(48.59±40.21)U/L对(26.87±27.23)U/L,P<0.01;天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)(61.66±51.02)U/L对(34.17±30.24)U/L,P<0.001;谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)(136.50±111.50)U/L对(43.88±36.17)U/L,P<0.001;甘胆酸(CG)(683.41±962.22)μg/L对(250.96±290.81)μg/L,P<0.001;透明质酸(HA)(180.94±196.69)ng/ml对(64.68±32.74)ng/ml,P<0.001;白/球蛋白(A/G)比值1.35±0.24对1.50±0.34,P<0.05。与单独HIV感染者比较,HIV/HCV混合感染者的NK细胞、CD4/CD8细胞比值和A/G比值显著降低,而ALT、AST、GGT、CG和HA的水平显著增加。结论 HIV/HCV混合感染可能加剧患者淋巴细胞亚群的不平衡,加重肝脏损伤和出现肝硬化趋势。     

草菇低温胁迫初期应答关键通路的探究

本研究利用表达谱芯片技术解析了低温胁迫初期（0-120min）不同低温处理时间草菇转录组水平的变化。芯片结果分析发现在低温诱导过程中,低温处理20min内变化基因的功能为单加氧酶、氧化还原酶和细胞内的氧化还原。低温处理40min时表达差异基因具有结合RNA的功能。80min的时间段内,基因的功能比较集中于核酸物质和能量的代谢。CYP450的代谢途径在20-40min、60-80min和100-120min低温处理的菌丝体中均有显著性变化,表明这一通路在草菇低温处理过程中表现活跃。基因表达趋势分析发现34个表达差异基因富集到显著表达趋势模型,基因共表达网络分析发现VVO_04066位于网络的核心地位,推测VVO_04066通过提高磷酸肌醇特异性磷脂酶C（PI-PLC）的胞内水平,促进糖蛋白和几丁质的合成,从而完成草菇细胞的低温胁迫应答。     

PD-1、PD-L1的表达与肺癌临床病理特征及预后的相关性分析

目的:分析程序性死亡因子-1(PD-1)、程序性死亡1-配体(PD-L1)的表达与肺癌临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法:回顾性分析我院2015年3月～2016年6月收治的73例肺癌患者的临床资料,取距离切除肿瘤边缘3cm内的非癌组织作为癌旁组织。比较两组PD-1、PD-L1的表达,分析其和肺癌患者临床病理特征和预后的关系,采用COX比例回归分析肺癌患者预后的影响因素。结果:肺癌组织PD-1、PD-L1阳性表达率均显著高于癌旁组织(P0.05)。不同性别、年龄、病理类型、吸烟情况、EGFR表达、肿瘤大小肺癌患者PD-1、PD-L1的阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);低分化程度、临床分期Ⅲ及Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移肺癌患者PD-1、PD-L1阳性表达率分别高于中分化程度、临床分期Ⅲ期、无淋巴结转移患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PD-1、PD-L1阳性表达及阴性表达组无疾病进展生存期比较均有统计学差异(P0.05)。COX比例风险回归模型显示分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移、PD-1、PD-L1的表达是影响肺癌患者预后的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:肺癌组织PD-1、PD-L1呈高表达,可能参与肺癌的发生发展,有助于病情严重程度的评价和预后预测。