高血压的分类、症状及并发症与公众认知

高血压(hypertension,high blood pressure)是动脉血压持续偏高的慢性疾病,是人类社会最为常见的慢性医学问题.80％以上的高血压患者了解他们自身的血压状况,其中70％以上的患者服用治疗高血压药物.然而,这些认识到自身高血压状况的人中,只有48％的患者的高血压得到了充分的控制.本文系统地阐述了高血压的类型、诊断标准及治疗或控制策略,以期提高公众对高血压的认知,有利于患者对高血压的控制和管理.     

过表达SmERF1提高了丹参耐盐性

ERF(ethylene-responsive factor)蛋白是植物中一大类转录因子家族,在植物的生长发育及逆境胁迫中发挥着重要作用.为研究丹参中新的转录因子SmERF1的功能,本研究对其编码序列、表达模式进行分析,并在丹参中进行过表达,检测过表达后转基因植株耐盐性、次生代谢物和激素的变化.研究结果表明,SmERF1含有一个AP2结构域,是典型的ERF转录因子.SmERF1受到MeJA和酵母诱导子(YE)的诱导表达.在盐胁迫下,过表达SmERF1的丹参株系中脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性较野生型丹参植株高,MDA含量降低,说明转基因株系的抗盐特性增强.而且过表达SmERF1的丹参株系中ABA含量升高,GA含量降低;过表达SmERF1对丹参酮、丹酚酸等代谢物的合成调控效果不强.综合以上结果,表明SmERF1可能通过调节ABA的合成,提高了丹参耐盐性.     

Long noncoding RNA AANCR modulates innate antiviral responses by blocking miR-210-dependent MITA downregulation in teleost fish,Miichthys miiuy

Viral infection induces the initiation of antiviral effectors and cytokines which are critical mediators of innate antiviral responses.The critical molecular determinants are responsible for triggering an appropriate immune response. Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs) have emerged as new gene modulators involved in various biological processes, while how lncRNAs operate in lower vertebrates are still unknown. Here, we discover a long noncoding RNA, termed antiviral-associated long noncoding RNA(AANCR), as a novel regulator for innate antiviral responses in teleost fish. The results indicate that fish MITA plays an essential role in host antiviral responses and inhibition of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus(SCRV) production. miR-210 reduces MITA expression and suppress MITA-mediated antiviral responses, which may help viruses evade host antiviral responses. Further,AANCR functions as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA) for miR-210 to control protein abundance of MITA, thereby inhibiting SCRV replication and promoting antiviral responses. Our data not only shed new light on understanding the function role of lncRNA in biological processes in teleost fish, but confirmed the hypothesis that ceRNA networks exist widely in vertebrates.     

DNA sequencing,genomes and genetic markers of microbes on fruits and vegetables

The development of DNA sequencing technology has provided an effective method for studying foodborne and phytopathogenic microorganisms on fruits and vegetables (F & V). DNA sequencing has successfully proceeded through three generations, including the tens of operating platforms. These advances have significantly promoted microbial whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA polymorphism research. Based on genomic and regional polymorphisms, genetic markers have been widely obtained. These molecular markers are used as targets for PCR or chip analyses to detect microbes at the genetic level. Furthermore, metagenomic analyses conducted by sequencing the hypervariable regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have revealed comprehensive microbial communities in various studies on F & V. This review highlights the basic principles of three generations of DNA sequencing, and summarizes the WGS studies of and available DNA markers for major bacterial foodborne pathogens and phytopathogenic fungi found on F & V. In addition, rDNA sequencing-based bacterial and fungal metagenomics are summarized under three topics. These findings deepen the understanding of DNA sequencing and its application in studies of foodborne and phytopathogenic microbes and shed light on strategies for the monitoring of F & V microbes and quality control.     

Analysis of the impact of ancient city walls on urban landscape patterns by remote sensing

As the most important construction features of ancient Chinese cities, the city walls nowadays have lost their function of enemy defense and turned to affect the urban structure and development. To clarify the impact of ancient city walls on modern urban development, this work was conducted to measure the differences of landscape types and levels between the inner and outer walls of three typical ancient Chinese cities with the help of geoinformatics materials and landscape ecology indices. The results of this research proved that city walls have great impact on landscape pattern. Specifically, the aggregation, fragmentation, diversity and evenness of landscape were strongly affected by well-preserved ancient city walls. By sorting out and consulting historical documents and China's “City Walls Protection Regulations”, we also found that city walls help the old city to retain its original style and design characteristics. The findings of this quantitative-analysis-based historical study can provide a theoretical basis for the protection of historical heritage and landscape design.

     

Mild hypothermia in rat with acute myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury complicating severe sepsis

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) with concurrent severe sepsis has led to substantial mortality. Mild hypothermia (MHT) has been proved to have a therapeutic effect in either MIRI or severe sepsis, which suggests it might be beneficial for MIRI complicating severe sepsis. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats with MIRI complicating severe sepsis were allotted in either MHT (33 ± 0.5°C) group or normothermia (NT, 37 ± 0.5°C) group; as control, rats receiving sham surgery and normal saline were kept at NT. After 2h of temperature maintenance, blood and heart tissue were acquired for detections. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) in blood, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and Evans blue staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining for myocardium were employed to detect myocardial damage. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and caspase-3 was performed by immunohistochemistry to exam myocardial inflammation and apoptosis. Detection of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 was for myocardial oxidative stress. In MHT group, systolic blood pressure was improved significantly compared with NT group. Myocardial infarct size, morphological change, LDH and CK-MB levels were attenuated compared to NT group. Moreover, less expressions of TNF-α, caspase-3 and NOX2 in MHT group were presented compared with NT group. MHT showed cardioprotection by improving cardiac dysfunction, reducing myocardial infarct size and attenuating myocardial injury, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress.     

Longibramides A–E,Peptaibols Isolated from a Mushroom Derived Fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai DMG-3-1-1

Five new peptaibols, longibramides A–E ( 1 – 5 ) with 11 amino acid residues, were isolated from a fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai DMG-3-1-1, which was isolated from a mushroom Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch) P. Kumm collected from coniferous forest in the subboreal area of northeast China. The structures of longibramides A–E were determined by their spectroscopic data (NMR and MS-MS spectra), their absolute configurations were determined by X-ray diffractions and Marfey's analyses. The X-ray diffractions of longibramides A, B, and the similar CD spectra of A–E showed that they all had α-helix conformations. Longibramides B and E showed moderate cytotoxicities against BV2 and MCF-7 cells and also showed some inhibitory effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA T144. L-trans-Hyp was not commonly found in natural peptaibols, which was the 6^th or 10^th amino acid residue in longibramides C–E. The X-ray diffractions of longibramides A and B afforded the accuracy conformations of their secondary structures, which maybe help to interpret the structure-activity relationships of the family of peptaibols in the future.     

Transcriptomic analysis provides insights into candidate genes and molecular pathways involved in growth of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Functional & Integrative Genomics - Growth is one of the most important traits of aquaculture breeding programs. Understanding the mechanisms underlying growth differences between individuals...