Bt毒蛋白Cry1Ac在人造土壤中对赤子爱胜蚓毒理及生化影响

Bt毒素能通过转基因作物的花粉、根和残株进入土壤.为评估转基因作物对土壤动物的影响,本文模拟转基因棉的Bt毒素进入土壤的发生程度,用含不同浓度Bt毒蛋白Cry1Ac的人造土壤处理蚯蚓,测定蚯蚓存活率、重量变化及体内总蛋白含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)和纤维素酶活性.结果表明,Bt毒蛋白对蚯蚓的生物量和生理水平影响均不明显,不存在急毒性和亚致死毒性影响,对蚯蚓比较安全.     

猴头菌丝多糖降血糖作用研究

目的:研究猴头菌丝多糖的降血糖作用。方法:以液体发酵生产的猴头菌丝体为原料,经热水浸提、浓缩、酒精沉淀获得菌丝粗多糖;以常规降糖药物格列本脲为阳性治疗对照,通过四氧嘧啶诱发小鼠糖尿病的预防试验,比较猴头菌丝多糖各剂量与格列本脲的降血糖效果。结果:猴头菌丝多糖得率为7.14%,粗多糖再经Sevage法去除蛋白质,获得猴头菌丝精多糖(HMP),得率为10.92%;猴头多糖高、中、低三个剂量均能有效的对抗四氧嘧啶诱发的高血糖;其中,高剂量的降血糖作用与格列本脲相比,差异极显著。结论:猴头菌丝多糖对四氧嘧啶型高血糖模型小鼠有降血糖作用,作用效果优于格列本脲,对糖尿病小鼠的胰腺具有一定的保护作用。     

中亚热带东部三种主要木本群落土壤呼吸的研究

研究中亚热带东部青冈（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｇｌａｕｃａ）常绿阔叶林、毛竹（Ｐｈｙｌｏｓｔａｃｈｙｓｐｕｂｅｓｃｅｎｓ）林和茶（Ｃａｍｅｌｉａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）园土壤呼吸与土壤温度、土壤含水率的关系,建立了土壤呼吸速率与地表温度的模型,根据气象资料估算得到青冈常绿阔叶林、毛竹林、茶园的年均土壤ＣＯ２呼吸量,３种群落依次为２４．１２、３０．７７、２８．５５ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ,进一步估算出浙江省常绿阔叶林、毛竹林和茶园每年土壤ＣＯ２排放量,分别为９．２７×１０６、１．３６×１０７、７．１６×１０６ｔ／ａ     

我国主要类型昆虫对CO_2升高响应的研究进展

大气CO2浓度增加已经受到国内外的极大关注。自2002年以来,在自行设计、组装的一系列密闭式动态CO2气室和开顶式CO2浓度控制箱基础上,研究了我国主要类型昆虫对CO2浓度升高响应的特征。结果显示,大气CO2浓度升高降低了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera的适合度和对棉花的危害作用,增加了棉花对棉铃虫为害的补偿作用,使以咀嚼式口器昆虫为代表的棉铃虫种群发生与危害下降;但大气CO2浓度升高改变了植物组织营养物质的组成与含量,提高了蚜虫Aphis gosypii对氨基酸营养的利用与补偿效率,降低了3种麦蚜的种间竞争,导致蚜虫种群发生与危害严重;而对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci的种群特征影响较少。大气CO2浓度升高对天敌昆虫的影响存在种的特异性,表现出种群上升、下降和变化不大等特征。未来大气CO2浓度升高下,由于作物生长发育加快,生物量增加,蚜虫种群增多,导致吡虫啉农药防治效果下降,由此未来大气CO2浓度升高下农民将被迫使用更多的化学农药防治蚜虫类害虫,进而加重环境污染。     

40多年来塔南策勒绿洲动态变化研究

 利用策勒绿洲1956、1990和1998年3个不同时期的遥感数据（航片、TM和SPOT）进行配准、解译与分类处理,比较分析绿洲40多年来的动态变化,并从自然和人为因素两个方面探讨绿洲变化的原因。结果表明,从1956年到1998年策勒绿洲西北部的景观格局发生了显著变化,绿洲面积增加了近20％;林地的分布明显改变;河道发生显著位移,据实地调查大约向北移动400 m。对1990年TM与1998年SPOT分类数据,用FRAGSTATS软件计算景观格局指数并比较分析,发现研究区的绿洲、绿洲 荒漠交错带、荒漠和沙丘4种景观类型发生了明显的变化。绿洲面积增加而斑块数减少了近一半;交错带面积减少而斑块数增加了35％;荒漠面积减少而斑块数增加了60％;沙丘面积基本没有变化但斑块数减少了20％。绿洲变化的总体趋势是人工绿洲的面积增大而绿洲 荒漠交错带的面积明显减少,同时整个绿洲的破碎度增加而连通性降低,绿洲的稳定性和自我调节的功能下降。     

人乳头瘤病毒特异性T细胞系细胞冻存后细胞的存活率及功能

研究人乳头瘤病毒特异性T细胞系细胞冻存后细胞的存活率及功能。应用包含10%二甲基亚砜、90%小牛血清的冻存液冻存6个T细胞系(5个CD4 T细胞系,1个CD8 T细胞系)细胞,液氮中冻存32~54个月后复苏,台盼蓝染色法检测复苏后T细胞系细胞的存活率,用酶联免疫斑点法(enzyme-linked immunospot assay,ELISPOT)检测复苏后T细胞系细胞的功能。结果显示,6个T细胞系细胞液氮冻存解冻后细胞的存活率为24.7%~93.5%,过夜培养后细胞的存活率为2.5%~72.2%。CD8 T细胞系细胞的存活率高于CD4 T细胞系细胞。6个复苏后的T细胞系细胞在PHA诱导后均能分泌IFN-γ。人乳头瘤病毒特异性T细胞系细胞冻存复苏后能够保持较好的存活率和功能。     

Dynamic micro-geographic and temporal genetic diversity in vertebrates: the case of lake-spawning populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Conservation of species should be based on knowledge of effective population sizes and understanding of how breeding tactics and selection of recruitment habitats lead to genetic structuring. In the stream‐spawning and genetically diverse brown trout, spawning and rearing areas may be restricted source habitats. Spatio–temporal genetic variability patterns were studied in brown trout occupying three lakes characterized by restricted stream habitat but high recruitment levels. This suggested non‐typical lake‐spawning, potentially representing additional spatio–temporal genetic variation in continuous habitats. Three years of sampling documented presence of young‐of‐the‐year cohorts in littoral lake areas with groundwater inflow, confirming lake‐spawning trout in all three lakes. Nine microsatellite markers assayed across 901 young‐of‐the‐year individuals indicated overall substantial genetic differentiation in space and time. Nested gene diversity analyses revealed highly significant (≤P = 0.002) differentiation on all hierarchical levels, represented by regional lakes (F_LT = 0.281), stream vs. lake habitat within regional lakes (F_HL = 0.045), sample site within habitats (F_SH = 0.010), and cohorts within sample sites (F_CS = 0.016). Genetic structuring was, however, different among lakes. It was more pronounced in a natural lake, which exhibited temporally stable structuring both between two lake‐spawning populations and between lake‐ and stream spawners. Hence, it is demonstrated that lake‐spawning brown trout form genetically distinct populations and may significantly contribute to genetic diversity. In another lake, differentiation was substantial between stream‐ and lake‐spawning populations but not within habitat. In the third lake, there was less apparent spatial or temporal genetic structuring. Calculation of effective population sizes suggested small spawning populations in general, both within streams and lakes, and indicates that the presence of lake‐spawning populations tended to reduce genetic drift in the total (meta‐) population of the lake.     

奶牛γ干扰素基因的高效表达及活性测定

经刀豆素(conA)刺激诱导奶牛外周血淋巴细胞,应用RT-PCR方法从其总RNA中对奶牛γ干扰素基因cDNA进行扩增,然后将特异性片段连接到pMD18-T载体,测序结果表明,与已知序列同源性为100%.然后将特异性片段连在pRLC载体上进行表达,经SDS-PAGE分析,原核表达产物为16kDa的重组蛋白,占菌体总蛋白的42%,表达产物以包涵体形式存在.经7mol/L盐酸胍的变性液溶解及0.5mol/L盐酸胍复性液处理,表达产物进行脱盐、凝胶层析纯化,细胞病变抑制法结果表明,重组牛IFN-γ具有较高的干扰素活性,约为6.0×105U/mg.     

小麦干尖叶的遗传研究初报

小麦干尖叶是近年在小麦育种中所发现的一种叶部坏死性状,直接影响小麦的产量。本文以具有干尖叶与正常叶这一相对性状的部分小麦品种(系)为基本材料,采用正反杂交、正反回交及杂种后代分析和异源细胞质替换,首次对干尖叶的遗传及性状传递规律进行了研究。结果表明:干尖叶性状与一般杂种坏死与黄化截然不同, 并非仅杂种所具有,能作为纯系稳定遗传; 其表型受核内一对主效显性基因所控制,即使采用异源细胞质替换, 以特定质核互作也难以克服这一性状的对外表达,只有通过杂交与后代选择,纯化与稳定隐性正常叶方可克服。 Abstract:In this paper,the inheritance and transmission law of the character for wheat leaf-tip necrosis were firstly investigated with the contrasting character of leaf-tip necrosis and normal leaf in wheat varieties for basic test materials by reciprocal crosses and backcrosses,hybrid progeny analysis and aliencytoplasm substitution.The results indicated that the wheat leaf-tip necrosis is abviously different from the hybrid necrosis and hybrid chlorosis.It is not only expressed in hybrid but also stable inheritance as pureline.Its phenotype is conditioned by a pair major dominant gene.It is not overcome even if special interaction of nucleus-cytoplasm after alien cytoplasm substitution.Only be the varieties or lines with normal leaf obtained by crossing and selecting stable normal leaf character with recessive gene.     

红铃虫性诱剂开口纤维剂型及其在棉田中的竞争引诱作用

Hummel等1973年鉴定了红铃虫的性外激素是顺,顺-和顺,反-7,11-十六碳二烯-1-醇醋酸酯的复合物,并命名为“红铃虫性诱剂”(简称“Gossyplure”)。Biel等1974年用触角电图和大田诱捕试验,证明当两种异构体的配比为1∶1时效果最好。为延长性诱剂在大田中的有效期,研究工作者曾设计了多种释放器和可控缓释剂型。Shorey等1976年用铝圆筒包上尼龙纱作为释放器,红铃虫性诱剂的释放量为每晚5毫克/公顷,全年用量为9克/公顷。Gaston等1977年用内径0.22毫米、外径0.45毫米、长104毫米,一端开口一端封闭的塑料空心纤维,绕成直径22毫米的环作释放器,每次用量6.6克/公顷,全年用33克/公顷。Boncss等1977和1978年用聚乙烯盖作释放器,每次用量5克/公顷,胶囊剂