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161.
162.
Marcin Nowicki Logan C. Houston Sarah L. Boggess Anthony S. Aiello Miriam Pay‐Milans Margaret E. Staton Mitsuhiro Hayashida Masahiro Yamanaka Shigetoshi Eda Robert N. Trigiano 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(15):8299-8312
Cornus kousa (Asian dogwood), an East Asia native tree, is the most economically important species of the dogwood genus, owing to its desirable horticultural traits and ability to hybridize with North America‐native dogwoods. To assess the species genetic diversity and to better inform the ongoing and future breeding efforts, we assembled an herbarium and arboretum collection of 131 noncultivated C. kousa specimens. Genotyping and capillary electrophoresis analyses of our C. kousa collection with the newly developed genic and published nuclear genomic microsatellites permitted assessment of genetic diversity and evolutionary history of the species. Regardless of the microsatellite type used, the study yielded generally similar insights into the C. kousa diversity with subtle differences deriving from and underlining the marker used. The accrued evidence pointed to the species distinct genetic pools related to the plant country of origin. This can be helpful in the development of the commercial cultivars for this important ornamental crop with increased pyramided utility traits. Analyses of the C. kousa evolutionary history using the accrued genotyping datasets pointed to an unsampled ancestor population, possibly now extinct, as per the phylogeography of the region. To our knowledge, there are few studies utilizing the same gDNA collection to compare performance of genomic and genic microsatellites. This is the first detailed report on C. kousa species diversity and evolutionary history inference. 相似文献
163.
Craig R. Jackson Thomas Maddox Franco P. Mbise Brd G. Stokke Jerrold L. Belant Kjetil Bevanger Sarah M. Durant Robert Fyumagwa Peter S. Ranke Eivin Rskaft Roel May Frode Fossy 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(13):6769-6774
Carrion represents an unpredictable and widely distributed primary food source for vultures and other avian scavengers. Avian scavengers in African savanna ecosystems are reported to rely exclusively on visual stimuli to locate carcasses. However, carnivores’ predation of large mammalian herbivores and subsequent competition for access to the carcass can result in considerable noise, often audible over long distances and for prolonged periods. Vultures and other avian scavengers may therefore detect and respond to these auditory cues, as do the mammalian carnivores alongside which vultures have coevolved, but this has not been investigated to date. Working in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania, we used diurnal auditory broadcasts to simulate predation and competitive carnivore feeding interactions. Based on the current understanding of avian scavenger ecology, we hypothesized that avian responses to call‐in stations would be evoked exclusively by visual, rather than auditory, cues. We therefore predicted that (a) the arrival of avian scavengers at call‐in stations should be preceded and facilitated by mammalian carnivores and that (b) the arrival of avian scavengers would be positively correlated with the number of mammalian scavengers present, which would increase detectability. We recorded 482 birds during 122 separate playback events. In 22% of these instances, avian scavengers arrived first, ruling out responses based exclusively on visual observations of mammalian carnivores, thereby contradicting our first prediction. Furthermore, the first avian arrivals at survey sessions were inversely related to the number of hyenas and jackals present, contradicting our second prediction. Since no bait or carcasses were used during the experiments, these responses are indicative of the birds’ ability to detect and respond to audio stimuli. Our findings challenge the current consensus of sensory perception and foraging in these species and provide evidence that avian scavengers have the ability to use sound to locate food resources. 相似文献
164.
Lambers Hans Wright Ian J. Guilherme Pereira Caio Bellingham Peter J. Bentley Lisa Patrick Boonman Alex Cernusak Lucas A. Foulds William Gleason Sean M. Gray Emma F. Hayes Patrick E. Kooyman Robert M. Malhi Yadvinder Richardson Sarah J. Shane Michael W. Staudinger Christiana Stock William D. Swarts Nigel D. Turner Benjamin L. Turner John Veneklaas Erik J. Wasaki Jun Westoby Mark Xu Yanggui 《Plant and Soil》2021,461(1-2):43-61
Plant and Soil - Root-released carboxylates enhance the availability of manganese (Mn), which enters roots through transporters with low substrate specificity. Leaf Mn concentration ([Mn]) has been... 相似文献
165.
Sanderman Jonathan Baldock Jeffrey A. Dangal Shree R. S. Ludwig Sarah Potter Stefano Rivard Charlotte Savage Kathleen 《Biogeochemistry》2021,156(1):97-114
Biogeochemistry - Spectroscopy is a powerful means of increasing the availability of soil data necessary for understanding carbon cycling in a changing world. Here, we develop a calibration... 相似文献
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168.
Ivy-Israel Natascha M. D. Moore Carolyn E. Schwartz Tonia S. Steury Todd D. Zohdy Sarah Newbolt Chad H. Ditchkoff Stephen S. 《Evolutionary ecology》2021,35(3):513-535
Evolutionary Ecology - Body size and secondary sexual characteristics are drivers of male reproductive success among polygynous species. A gene complex found to be associated with morphology in... 相似文献
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170.
Eva Kiessling Sarah Nötzli Vyara Todorova Merima Forny Matthias R. Baumgartner Marijana Samardzija Jakub Krijt Viktor Kožich Christian Grimm D. Sean Froese 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2021,1867(10):166201
Combined methylmalonic aciduria with homocystinuria (cblC type) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the MMACHC gene. MMACHC encodes an enzyme crucial for intracellular vitamin B12 metabolism, leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites e.g. methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine (Hcy), and secondary disturbances in folate and one-carbon metabolism when not fully functional. Patients with cblC deficiency often present in the neonatal or early childhood period with a severe multisystem pathology, which comprises a broad spectrum of treatment-resistant ophthalmological phenotypes, including retinal degeneration, impaired vision, and vascular changes. To examine the potential function of MMACHC in the retina and how its loss may impact disease, we performed gene expression studies in human and mouse, which showed that local expression of MMACHC in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium is relatively stable over time. To study whether functional MMACHC is required for retinal function and tissue integrity, we generated a transgenic mouse lacking Mmachc expression in cells of the peripheral retina. Characterization of this mouse revealed accumulation of cblC disease related metabolites, including MMA and the folate-dependent purine synthesis intermediates AICA-riboside and SAICA-riboside in the retina. Nevertheless, fundus appearance, morphology, vasculature, and cellular composition of the retina, as well as ocular function, remained normal in mice up to 6 or 12 months of age. Our data indicates that peripheral retinal neurons do not require intrinsic expression of Mmachc for survival and function and questions whether a local MMACHC deficiency is responsible for the retinal phenotypes in patients. 相似文献