Nitrogen economy of alpine plants on the north Tibetan Plateau: Nitrogen conservation by resorption rather than open sources through biological symbiotic fixation

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important factors limiting plant productivity, and N fixation by legume species is an important source of N input into ecosystems. Meanwhile, N resorption from senescent plant tissues conserves nutrients taken up in the current season, which may alleviate ecosystem N limitation. N fixation was assessed by the ¹⁵N dilution technique in four types of alpine grasslands along the precipitation and soil nutrient gradients. The N resorption efficiency (NRE) was also measured in these alpine grasslands. The aboveground biomass in the alpine meadow was 4–6 times higher than in the alpine meadow steppe, alpine steppe, and alpine desert steppe. However, the proportion of legume species to community biomass in the alpine steppe and the alpine desert steppe was significantly higher than the proportion in the alpine meadow. N fixation by the legume plants in the alpine meadow was 0.236 g N/m², which was significantly higher than N fixation in other alpine grasslands (0.041 to 0.089 g N/m²). The NRE in the alpine meadows was lower than in the other three alpine grasslands. Both the aboveground biomass and N fixation of the legume plants showed decreasing trends with the decline of precipitation and soil N gradients from east to west, while the NRE of alpine plants showed increasing trends along the gradients, which indicates that alpine plants enhance the NRE to adapt to the increasing droughts and nutrient‐poor environments. The opposite trends of N fixation and NRE along the precipitation and soil nutrient gradients indicate that alpine plants adapt to precipitation and soil nutrient limitation by promoting NRE (conservative nutrient use by alpine plants) rather than biological N fixation (open sources by legume plants) on the north Tibetan Plateau.     

NPM1突变基因表达抑制K562白血病细胞体外增殖和侵袭

核仁磷酸蛋白(nucleophosmin,NPM1)突变是近年发现的在急性髓系白血病中发挥重要作用的基因改变,为探讨NPM1突变对K562白血病细胞体外增殖和侵袭能力的影响,将载体pEGFPC1-NPM1-mA转染K562细胞系,构建稳定表达NPM1突变蛋白的白血病细胞株(K562-mA)。利用细胞生长曲线观察细胞体外增殖能力;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期进程改变;细胞粘附、Transwell实验分别用以观察细胞体外粘附、迁移及侵袭能力。结果发现,NPM1突变转染后K562细胞体外增殖能力明显减弱;同时G1期细胞比例明显增高,S期细胞比例显著减低。与未处理组和空载体转染组细胞相比,K562-mA细胞体外迁移能力有所增加,但细胞粘附及侵袭能力却明显减弱。提示NPM1突变基因的表达能够抑制白血病细胞体外增殖和侵袭能力,为进一步深入探讨NPM1突变在白血病发生发展中的调控机制奠定了良好的基础。     

高效降解棉酚菌株的选育及脱毒条件的研究

From mildewed cottonseed cake and stock cultUres of mold and yeast We select more than ten strains of yeastS and molds which can degrade cotton Phenol. At last we got four strains which can degrade cotton phenol highly effeted after mutagenized by physical and chemical factors and induced by cotton Phenol. They belong to Candida tropicalis, Torulopsis candida, Aspergillus flavus and ASPergillus niger. By small and medium size fermenfations, the content of dissociated cottom Phenol all reach safe criterion (…     

水稻OsMS2基因在花药发育中的功能分析

拟南芥MS2(MALE STERILITY 2)是一个调控花药花粉发育的关键基因。水稻OsMS2(Os03g07140)基因与拟南芥MS2的序列具有高度同源性。利用RNA干扰技术研究OsMS2基因在水稻花药发育过程中的功能。与野生型水稻相比, 转基因 植株营养生长阶段正常, 但雄性育性降低。转基因植株雄性育性降低与RNA干扰引起的OsMS2基因表达水平降低有关。进一步对转基因植株花药进行细胞学观察, 结果表明OsMS2基因表达水平的降低导致绒毡层细胞退化延迟, 小孢子壁的形成出现异常。扫描电镜观察结果显示, 小孢子壁光滑, 不能形成正常的外壁。以上结果表明OsMS2基因在水稻花药发育过程中起重要作用。     

猕猴属五个种mtDNA多态性研究

本文以10种限制性内切酶研究猕猴属5个种(Macaca mulatta.M.nemestrina.M.assemensis.M.thibetana,M arctoides)线粒体DNA进化。在13个个体中,共检出8种限制性类型。恒河猴种内存在广泛的线粒休DNA限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)。结合日本猴(M.fuscata)的有关资料,构建了猕猴属6个种的分子系统树,并给出各个种的分化时间。结果表明,这6个种可分成4个类群,熊猴和藏酋猴、恒河猴和日本猴之间的遗传距离较近,可分别划为同一类群,红面猴与其他5种猴的遗传距离最远,在系统发生上分离最早。     

Leaf traits of natural populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Adiantum reniforme</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">sinensis</Emphasis>, endemic to the Three Gorges region in China

Leaf mass per unit area (LMA), carbon and nitrogen contents, leaf construction cost, and photosynthetic capacity (P _max) of Adiantum reniforme var. sinensis, an endangered fern endemic to the Three Gorges region in southwest China, were compared in five populations differing in habitat such as soil moisture and irradiance. The low soil moisture and high irradiance habitat population exhibited significantly higher LMA, area-based leaf construction (CC_A), and carbon content (C_A), but lower leaf nitrogen content per unit dry mass (N_M) than the other habitat populations. The high soil moisture and low irradiance habitat populations had the lowest CC_A, but their cost/benefic ratios of CCA/P _max were similar to the medium soil moisture and irradiance habitat population due to their lower leaf P _max. Hence A. reniforme var. sinensis prefers partially shaded, moist but well-drained, slope habitats. Due to human activities, however, its main habitats now are cliffs or steeply sloped bare rocks with poor and thin soil. The relatively high energy requirements and low photosynthetic capacity in these habitats could limit the capability of the species in extending population or interspecific competition and hence increase its endangerment.     

耐氧双歧杆菌及其B-CW对荷瘤鼠TNF-α的体内诱导

本文采用放射免疫方法（ＲＩＡ）,检测荷Ｓ１８０肿瘤小鼠外周血中ＴＮＦ－α的含量,观察双歧杆菌（Ｂｉｆｉｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ）及其细菌壁（ＣｅｌＷａｌｓｏｆＢｉｆｉｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ,Ｂ－ＣＷ）的免疫调节作用,探讨其抗肿瘤机制。结果表明该菌及其Ｂ－ＣＷ均可明显地促进机体产生ＴＮＦ－α,发挥抗肿瘤作用     

Lymphoid chemokine B cell-attracting chemokine-1 (CXCL13) is expressed in germinal center of ectopic lymphoid follicles within the synovium of chronic arthritis patients

A unique feature in inflammatory tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the formation of ectopic lymphoid aggregates with germinal center (GC)-like structures that can be considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of RA, because local production of the autoantibody, rheumatoid factor, is thought to be a causative factor in tissue damage. However, the factors governing the formation of GC in RA are presently unknown. To begin to address this, the expression of B cell attracting chemokine (BCA-1) (CXCL13), a potent chemoattractant of B cells, was examined in the synovium of patients with RA or with osteoarthritis (OA). Expression of BCA-1 mRNA was detected in all RA samples, but in only one of five OA samples. Lymphoid follicles were observed in four of seven RA samples and in two of eight OA samples, and in most of them BCA-1 protein was detected in GC. BCA-1 was not detected in tissues lacking lymphoid follicles. Notably, BCA-1 was detected predominantly in follicular dendritic cells in GC. CD20-positive B cells were aggregated in regions of BCA-1 expression, but not T cells or macrophages. These data suggest that BCA-1 produced by follicular dendritic cells may attract B cells and contribute to the formation of GC-like structures in chronic arthritis.     

Mechanisms of cadmium detoxification in cattail (Typha angustifolia L.)

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread heavy metal pollutant and environmental and human health hazard, which may be partially resolved using green and cost-effective phytoremediation techniques. However, the efficiency of phytoremediation is often limited by the small biomass of Cd-hyperaccumulator plants. Although cattail (Typha angustifolia L.) is tolerant of heavy metals and has a high biomass, there is little information available on its detoxification mechanisms for heavy metals, especially Cd. In the present study we investigated the tolerance of cattail to Cd and mechanisms involved in its Cd detoxification. Our results show that: (a) cattail is tolerant of Cd; (b) the root Casparian band, cell wall, vacuole, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) play important roles in Cd detoxification; and (c) mechanisms of Cd detoxification differ in leaf cell cytoplasm (mainly a GSH-related antioxidant defense system) and root cell cytoplasm (mainly a GSH-related chelation system). In summary, cattail possesses multiple detoxification mechanisms for Cd and is a promising species for phytoremediation of Cd-polluted environments.