On the isolation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans from serum samples using immunoaffinity chromatography prior to high-resolution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) for the purification of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) from biological samples was explored as a means to simplify the cleanup procedure and thereby decrease the time and cost of dioxin analysis. A monoclonal antibody (DD3) was used to produce IAC columns and to isolate the PCDD/Fs from serum. Native and ¹³C-labeled PCDD/Fs were spiked at the ppq to ppt range into serum. Quantitation of the PCDD/Fs was performed by a standard dioxin analytical method, i.e. high-resolution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), which was easily compatible with IAC. Five of the most toxic PCDD/Fs consistently showed acceptable recoveries (>25%) and were reliably quantitated. The congeners specifically recovered by this method represent almost 80% of the toxic equivalency of dioxins and furans present in the serum samples. Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were not recognized by this antibody column. Compared to conventional dioxin cleanup methods, IAC decreased solvent usage by 1.5 l/sample and took only 2 h to process a sample for analysis.     

云南悬钩子种质资源考察

１９９６￣１９９７年进行了云南省悬钩子资源考察。野外调查发现１个新种、５个新种、新分布６种５变种。结合前人采集记载,云南省悬钩子植物种类为中１０７种４５变种,其中云南特有种３０种１６变种,西南４省特有种２８种１０变种,合计特有种共５８种２６变种顺滇南、滇东南、滇中、滇西和滇东并５个调查地区中,悬钩子属植物最集中分布在滇西和滇东南。阐述了物种分布特点及变异的多样性。介绍了栽秧泡（Ｒｕｂｕｓ ｅｌｌｐ     

番木瓜基因型遗传关系的SRAP分析

利用SRAP标记对中国22个番木瓜主要栽培品种（系）进行亲缘关系和遗传多样性研究。结果表明:（1）筛选出的20对SRAP引物共扩增249条谱带,其中多态性条带110条,多态性比率为43.20%,平均每对引物扩增的条带数和多态性条带数分别为12.45条和5.50条。（2）引物多态性信息含量（PIC）值变化范围为0.15～0.79,平均值为0.49。（3）聚类分析和主坐标分析显示,供试材料间的遗传相似系数为0.72～0.96,遗传多样性水平较低,在相似性系数为0.87时,可将所有试材分为3个类群。该研究结果有效地揭示了中国番木瓜主要栽培品种（系）资源的遗传背景和亲缘关系,可为番木瓜种质资源的分类、保护和有效利用以及新品种选育提供理论依据。     

《名古屋议定书》背景下我国传统知识的保护:以德昂族酸茶为例

中国于2016年9月6日成为《名古屋议定书》缔约方, 意味着遗传资源及相关传统知识的保护以及获取与惠益分享制度, 在国际和国内层面已经步入履行阶段。传统知识的防御性保护是防范生物剽窃, 建设性保护是促进惠益分享。本研究通过多年的实地调研发现, 德昂族酸茶作为一类与遗传资源相关的传统知识, 在原持有方不知情同意的情况下, 被某利用方申请了专利, 构成了生物剽窃。本研究指出, 传统知识防御性保护可考虑修订国内专利法, 将传统知识强制性来源披露要求纳入其中, 进而防范生物剽窃。为促进传统知识的持有方分享应得惠益和可持续利用, 本研究建议依据《名古屋议定书》精神, 通过立法制定特殊制度, 创造性地发展出可行的惠益分享制度, 区分不同的传统知识主体资格, 以事先知情同意程序和共同商定条件为途径, 以补偿责任或知识共享许可协议为手段, 来实现《生物多样性公约》的保护与可持续利用两大目标, 方能达成传统知识的建设性保护。     

肺腺癌干细胞表达小细胞肺癌相关抗原的实验研究

肿瘤干细胞（cancerstem cells,csc）是指一类具有自我更新（self-renewal）能力的未分化细胞。在肺腺癌中,csc的自我更新调控机制类似胚胎干细胞,即高表达OCT4、Nanog和Sox2}潜能基因,但目前对其表型特征尚存争议。该文采用成球试验（sphere—formingassay）AkSPC—A1细胞株中富集CSC后进行分子表型分析。结果显示,此类肺球体细胞（pulmospheres）同时表达肺脏近端和远端呼吸上皮的多个谱系（1ineage）标志,包括纤毛柱状细胞标志FoxJl、非纤毛柱状细胞（即Clara细胞）标志CCSP、肺神经肉分泌细胞标志GRP、II型肺泡细胞标志SP-C及其转录调控因子TTF-1。这些肺球体细胞也能够被3株小细胞肺癌特异性单抗（2F7、483和E6）所识别。通过基因沉默技术使得肺球体细胞中OCT4表达转阴后,上述标志（除E6P外）均消失。研究结果揭示,肺癌CSC具有肺脏呼吸上皮多潜能细胞的表型特征。此外,初步研究结果发现,中药冬虫夏草（Hirsutella Hepialid of Cordyceps Sinensis）的被毛孢菌丝体中含有新颖抗癌成分,能够显著遏制肺球体细胞增殖,提示对其进行分离鉴定,将是研制开发肺癌CSC靶向药物的一个发展方向。     

Microsatellite markers for northern red oak (Fagaceae: Quercus rubra)

We provide primer sequences for 14 (GA) _n microsatellite loci developed from northern red oak, an important timber species. We screened loci using two sets of samples. A parent–offspring set included DNA from seven acorns collected from one mother tree along with maternal DNA, to determine that all progeny carried a maternal allele at each locus. The other set was comprised of 10 adult trees sampled from Indiana old‐growth forest, providing a measure of diversity revealed by each locus.     

Automated label‐free detection of injured neuron with deep learning by two‐photon microscopy

Stroke is a significant cause of morbidity and long‐term disability globally. Detection of injured neuron is a prerequisite for defining the degree of focal ischemic brain injury, which can be used to guide further therapy. Here, we demonstrate the capability of two‐photon microscopy (TPM) to label‐freely identify injured neurons on unstained thin section and fresh tissue of rat cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion model, revealing definite diagnostic features compared with conventional staining images. Moreover, a deep learning model based on convolutional neural network is developed to automatically detect the location of injured neurons on TPM images. We then apply deep learning‐assisted TPM to evaluate the ischemic regions based on tissue edema, two‐photon excited fluorescence signal intensity, as well as neuronal injury, presenting a novel manner for identifying the infarct core, peri‐infarct area, and remote area. These results propose an automated and label‐free method that could provide supplementary information to augment the diagnostic accuracy, as well as hold the potential to be used as an intravital diagnostic tool for evaluating the effectiveness of drug interventions and predicting potential therapeutics.     

Characterization of wheat-Secale africanum chromosome 5Ra derivatives carrying Secale specific genes for grain hardness

Planta - New wheat- Secale africanum chromosome 5R a substitution and translocation lines were developed and identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular markers, and chromosome...