微生物菌剂对楸树幼苗生长及根际土细菌群落结构的影响

为探究球毛壳ND35微生物菌剂对楸树幼苗生长及土壤肥力的作用机制,本研究楸树幼苗为研究对象,采用室内盆栽试验,设计0（CK）,10（T1）,15（T2）,20（T3）4种微生物菌剂施用量,测定幼苗生长情况、土壤微生物组成结构、土壤酶和土壤养分等特征。研究结果如下：（1）球毛壳ND35微生物菌剂可显著促进楸树幼苗的生长,株高、地径、地上及地下生物量显著提高（P<0.05）,T2处理下促生效果最好。（2）施用球毛壳ND35微生物菌剂可显著提高土壤中有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮含量及脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性（P<0.05）。（3）球毛壳ND35微生物菌剂可显著影响土壤细菌群落组成,提高细菌群落的丰富度和多样性,使土壤中β-变形菌纲（Betaproteobacteria）、γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）的相对丰度显著下降,α-变形菌纲（Alphaproteobacteria）、δ-变形菌纲（Deltaproteobacteria）的相对丰度呈显著提高,可使土壤中鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）的相对丰度显著提高21.88%-103.56%（P<0.05）,芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）的相对丰度提高66.28%-65.97%（P<0.05）,酸杆菌属（Acidibacter）的相对丰度提高12.76%-38.06%。（4）冗余分析（RDA）结果表明,土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、有机质是影响土壤细菌群落分布和多样性的重要环境因子,土壤细菌群落结构的改变会显著影响土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性。因此,施用球毛壳ND35微生物菌剂可通过影响植物根际土壤的化学性质及生物性质,促进楸树幼苗的生长。这一研究结果为楸树繁育提供了新的指导方向,亦为将其用于困难立地及退化生态系统植被恢复提供基础理论指导。     

Caveolin-1 identified as a key mediator of acute lung injury using bioinformatics and functional research

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a potentially life-threatening, devastating disease with an extremely high rate of mortality. The underlying mechanism of ALI is currently unclear. In this study, we aimed to confirm the hub genes associated with ALI and explore their functions and molecular mechanisms using bioinformatics methods. Five microarray datasets available in GEO were used to perform Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the key genes were identified via the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneal injection was administered to establish an ALI model. Overall, 40 robust DEGs, which are mainly involved in the inflammatory response, protein catabolic process, and NF-κB signaling pathway were identified. Among these DEGs, we identified two genes associated with ALI, of which the CAV-1/NF-κB axis was significantly upregulated in ALI, and was identified as one of the most effective targets for ALI prevention. Subsequently, the expression of CAV-1 was knocked down using AAV-shCAV-1 or CAV-1-siRNA to study its effect on the pathogenesis of ALI in vivo and in vitro. The results of this study indicated that CAV-1/NF-κB axis levels were elevated in vivo and in vitro, accompanied by an increase in lung inflammation and autophagy. The knockdown of CAV-1 may improve ALI. Mechanistically, inflammation was reduced mainly by decreasing the expression levels of CD3 and F4/80, and activating autophagy by inhibiting AKT/mTOR and promoting the AMPK signaling pathway. Taken together, this study provides crucial evidence that CAV-1 knockdown inhibits the occurrence of ALI, suggesting that the CAV-1/NF-κB axis may be a promising therapeutic target for ALI treatment.Subject terms: Cell signalling, Respiratory tract diseases     

克氏原螯虾嗜水气单胞菌噬菌体的分离鉴定和应用

为分离获得致病性嗜水气单胞菌烈性噬菌体,鉴定和研究其生物学特性,为克氏原螯虾细菌性疾病的防治和治疗提供依据,研究以患病克氏原螯虾分离到的致病性嗜水气单胞菌为宿主菌,从湖泊水体中分离到多株噬菌体,对其中一株烈性噬菌体Ph-0进行了生物学特性的分析,包括噬菌斑形态的观察,最佳感染复数的测定,一步生长曲线的绘制,热稳定性的测...     

城市小型湖泊浮游植物群落结构特征及演替规律——以武汉沙湖为例

城市小型湖泊具有对环境变化的高敏感性,其浮游植物群落特征和演替规律对湖泊生态系统的监测与管理有重要意义。本研究于2015年3—12月,对武汉市沙湖进行了生态和水质监测,共鉴定出藻类10门312种,绿藻、硅藻和蓝藻种类数占优。为探究富营养化城市小型湖泊浮游植物群落时空异质性及其演替驱动力,选取了4个多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Whittaker指数),并进行了多样性指数与环境因子的相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,计算了优势种在监测时段的3个种间联结性指数和校正χ~2 检验系数。结果表明,夏秋季节浮游植物群落处于演替的稳定状态,环境因子驱动作用明显,其中离子浓度的影响大于温度的影响,钠、镁离子浓度为主要影响因素;蓝藻门和绿藻门优势种联结性较高,硅藻门优势种内部联结性较高而与其他门类相关性较低,从季节上看,夏秋季节的优势种种间联结性较高,春冬季优势种与其他时段优势种相关性低,可能为群落在冬春季不稳定的原因。     

Age‐related memory vulnerability to interfering stimuli is caused by gradual loss of MAPK‐dependent protection in Drosophila

Age‐related memory impairment (AMI) is a common phenomenon across species. Vulnerability to interfering stimuli has been proposed to be an important cause of AMI. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this vulnerability‐related AMI remain unknown. Here we show that learning‐activated MAPK signals are gradually lost with age, leading to vulnerability‐related AMI in Drosophila. Young flies (2‐ or 3‐day‐old) exhibited a significant increase in phosphorylated MAPK levels within 15 min after learning, whereas aged flies (25‐day‐old) did not. Compared to 3‐day‐old flies, significant 1 h memory impairments were observed in 15‐, 20‐, and 30‐day‐old flies, but not in 10‐day‐old flies. However, with post‐learning interfering stimuli such as cooling or electric stimuli, 10‐day‐old flies had worse memory performance at 1 h than 3‐day‐old flies, showing a premature AMI phenomenon. Increasing learning‐activated MAPK signals through acute transgene expression in mushroom body (MB) neurons restored physiological trace of 1 h memory in a pair of MB output neurons in aged flies. Decreasing such signals in young flies mimicked the impairment of 1 h memory trace in aged flies. Restoring learning‐activated MAPK signals in MB neurons in aged flies significantly suppressed AMI even with interfering stimuli. Thus, our data suggest that age‐related loss of learning‐activated neuronal MAPK signals causes memory vulnerability to interfering stimuli, thereby leading to AMI.     

三种杓兰根相关真菌多样性和生态功能

【背景】除了菌根真菌(Orchid mycorrhizal fungi,OrMF)外,兰科植物根中还有其它内生真菌,称为根相关真菌(Root-associated fungi,RAF)。【目的】采用分离培养的方法获得同一栖息地针叶林和灌木林两种不同生境西藏杓兰、黄花杓兰和无苞杓兰的RAF菌株,研究其真菌谱系、多样性和生态功能结构。【方法】从杓兰根碎屑中分离RAF,通过总DNA提取、PCR扩增及测序得到ITS(Internaltranscribedspacer)序列;进行系统发育和多样性分析,并通过NCBI数据库比对得到相似性最高序列的注释信息来分析RAF生态学特性。【结果】共分离得到278株RAF,25种OTU类型,包括23个子囊菌门OTU,2个毛霉菌门OTU。RAF物种丰富度分析发现西藏杓兰的较黄花杓兰高,不同生境没有显著差异;不同杓兰物种较不同生境的RAF群落分化程度高。生态功能分析显示25个OTU包括共生型、腐生型和致病型3种营养型,以及外生菌根菌群、植物病原菌群、内生真菌群、动物病原菌群、真菌寄生菌群、杜鹃花类菌根群、未定义的腐生菌群和不确定型8种共位群。【结论】阐明不同生境采集的不同杓兰中RAF的分布特点和生态功能,为未来研究RAF与杓兰属植物的共生关系奠定基础。     

基于斑块尺度的神农架川金丝猴生境适宜性评价

基于斑块尺度的生境适宜性研究,可以通过物种分布的景观格局特征,推导出研究区的景观适宜性,有利于景观规划决策。研究首先分析农业用地对神农架川金丝干扰的阈值,其次采用泊松回归构建基于斑块尺度的包含植被类型、斑块特征和人为干扰特征的猴群分布模型,依据模型结果叠加道路适宜性分级图对川金丝猴适宜生境进行评价。结果显示:(1)农业用地干扰阈值为2000 m;(2)最优模型显示猴群偏好面积大、形状简单的寒温性针叶林、寒温性针叶-落叶阔叶混交林、温性针叶-落叶阔叶混交林斑块,对农业用地具有回避性;(3)道路干扰已成为川金丝猴迁移的主要障碍,川金丝猴分布区受到的农业干扰较小,但其成为阻碍川金丝猴扩张分布区的屏障。建议神农架保护区全面开展道路与旅游景点对野生动物干扰的监测。