普通离子交换剂用于HPLC柱层析法快速分离眼镜王蛇毒

目的　为了经济快速分离眼镜王蛇(Ophiophagushannah,Oh)蛇毒中的毒素成分。　方法　用普通离子交换剂于高效液相色谱柱 (HPLC) TSKgel SP-Toyopearl 65 0 SF (4× 1 5 0 mm)层析法 ,实验取得最佳分离条件后 ,将蛇毒样品上柱后进行梯度洗脱 ,各洗脱峰收集后在 Cosmosil 5 C4-AR-3 0 0柱 (4 .6× 1 5 0 mm)上进行逆相 HPLC分析。非单峰组分再进行 HPLC凝胶过滤柱TSKgel Toyopearl HW-40 Fine(4× 2 5 0 mm)层析 ,层析峰组分再进行 HPLC逆相分析。　结果　眼镜王蛇毒经HPLC离子交换柱层析获得了 1 6个蛋白组分 ,其中有 5个组分经逆相 HPLC分析单一组分 ;另外的复合性组分再进行 HPLC凝胶过滤柱层析后又得到 5个单峰蛋白组分。　结论　HPLC离子交换柱层析对分离蛇毒蛋白很有实用价值 ,特别是蛇毒样品量少的情况下 (1 0 ug)也能较好分离。还具有分离时间短 (1 h左右 ) ,无须低温条件等优点。HPLC凝胶过滤柱层析可进一步使蛋白组分得到提纯     

大树蛙与斑腿树蛙的繁殖与驯养

1997～2000年,在广州动物园生态蛙蟾馆观察与研究了笼养条件下大树蛙和斑腿树蛙的繁殖行为和驯养过程,比较了两种树蛙繁殖生态的差别。     

木霉属真菌的系统学及其应用研究

介绍了木霉属真菌的分类系统 ,有关木霉种系发育的分子生物学研究进展 ,以及在酶制剂、农业和环境保护中的应用概况。     

β—淀粉样肽、氧应激与Alzheimer病

Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病 (ＡＤ)患者的神经病学特征是脑组织萎缩 ,出现大量的淀粉样斑块 (ａｍｙｌｏｉｄｐｌａｑｕｅｓ ;亦称老年斑 ,ｓｅｎｉｌｅｐｌａｑｕｅｓ ,ＳＰ)和神经纤维缠结 (ｎｅｕ ｒｏｆｉｂｒｉｔａｒｙｔａｎｇｌｅｓ)沉积。ＡＤ病人痴呆的程度与淀粉样斑块的发展呈正相关。老年斑的主要成分是 β 淀粉样肽 ( β ａｍｙｌｏｉｄｐｅｐｔｉｄｅ ,又称 β ａｍｙｌｏｉｄｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,Ａβ) ,其分子量约为 4 .2ｋＤ ,由 39～ 4 3个氨基酸残基组成。Ａβ来自一种跨膜糖蛋白———β 淀粉样质前体蛋白 (ａｍｙｌｏｉｄ ｐｒ…     

水翁(Cleistocalyx operculatus)幼苗对淹水的反应初报

研究了水翁在生理和形态上对3个月淹水期的反应。在潮湿或淹水条件下水翁能存活并保持一定的净光合速率和生长速率,全淹条件下存活期为60d,水翁对淹水的适应包括：（1）淹和的茎部产生肥大皮孔和不定根,（2）不定根系的活力比正常根系的活力高,有不定根的植株的气孔传导率和蒸腾速率比没有不定根的植株高得多。水翁是一种耐淹植物,可在河岸、库岸等水位波动地区种植。     

西藏的捕食线虫真菌

从采自西藏海拔在３６４０～４３００米地区的１２５份土样中共检测到食线虫真菌４个属,共２８种。其中纤细梗虫霉Ｓｔｙｌｏｐａｇｅ　ａｒａｅａ ,滑丝梗虫霉Ｓｔｙｌｏｐｏｇｅ　ｌｅｉｏｈｙｐｈａ和印度单顶孢Ｍｏｎａｃｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ　 ｉｎｄｉｃｕｍ为中国新记录。     

The Influence of Auxin and Cytokinin on Proliferation and Morphology of Somatic Embryos of Picea abies (L.) Karst

Embryogenic cell-lines of Picea abies were initiated from maturezygotic embryos and cultured on medium containing 2,4-D andBA The cell-lines were categorized into two main groups (solar/polarand undeveloped embryos), based on the morphology of the somaticembryos and their ability to go through a maturation processwhen treated with ABA The cell-lines were transferred to mediacontaining (1) 2,4-D and BA, (2) only BA, (3) only 2,4-D or(4) no growth regulators When cultured on a medium containingboth 2,4-D and BA new somatic embryos were continually formedIn contrast, when they were cultured without one or both ofthe growth regulators no new somatic embryos were formed Solar/polarand undeveloped embryos responded in the same way On a mediumcontaining only BA the somatic embryos already present increasedin size and developed an extremely large embryonic region Ona medium containing only 2,4-D the embryos already present becamedisorganized into loose aggregates When transferred from a mediumcontaining both 2,4-D and BA to one containing ABA, mature somaticembryos developed from the solar/polar type but not from theundeveloped type The ability of the solar/polar somatic embryosto go through a maturation process decreased when they wereprecultured on a medium lacking auxin and was lost when theywere precultured on medium lacking cytokinin The cell-linescontaining undeveloped somatic embryos produced mature somaticembryos in one cell-line out of three that had been culturedon the medium containing only BA Auxin, cytokinin, embryogenic cultures, Norway spruce, somatic embryos, Picea abies (L.) Karst     

Elevated Soluble CD163 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Secretion from Human Placenta and Adipose Tissue

Recently soluble CD163 (sCD163), a cleaved form of the macrophage receptor CD163, was identified as a macrophage-specific risk-predictor for developing Type 2 Diabetes. Here, we investigate circulating levels of sCD163 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Furthermore, given the role of the placenta in the pathogenesis of GDM, we assessed placental contribution to sCD163 secretion. Paired maternal (venous) and umbilical vein blood samples from GDM (n = 18) and Body Mass Index (BMI) matched control women (n = 20) delivered by caesarean section at 39–40 week gestation were assessed for circulating levels of sCD163, Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6). Media from explant culture of maternal subcutaneous fat and corresponding placental tissues were assayed for these same molecules. CD163 positive cell numbers were determined in placental and adipose tissues of GDM and control women. We found significantly elevated circulating sCD163 levels in GDM mothers (688.4±46.9 ng/ml vs. 505.6±38.6 ng/ml) and their offspring (418.2±26.6 ng/ml vs. 336.3±24.4 ng/ml [p<0.05 for both]) as compared to controls, together with elevated circulating TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Moreover, both GDM placentae (268.1±10.8 ng/ml/mg vs. 187.6±20.6 ng/ml/mg) and adipose explants (41.1±2.7 ng/ml/mg vs. 26.6±2.4 ng/ml/mg) released significantly more sCD163 than controls. Lastly, significantly more CD163 positive cells were observed in GDM placentae (25.7±1.1 vs. 22.1±1.2) and adipose tissue (19.1±1.1 vs 12.7±0.9) compared to controls. We describe elevated sCD163 levels in GDM and identify human placenta as a novel source of sCD163 suggesting that placental tissues might contribute to the increased levels of circulating sCD163 in GDM pregnancies.     

京津冀地区景观稳定性评价

景观稳定性是景观生态学中的一个复杂又重要的论题,其在景观生态学的不同研究中,研究与表征方法各异,但京津冀地区景观稳定性的研究相对较少。以京津冀地区为研究范围,以斑块密度(PD)、总边缘对比度指数(TECI)、香农多样性指数(SHDI)等6项景观指数,通过Arc GIS 10.2和Fragstats软件处理遥感影像解译数据;计算其1980、2000和2010年份的景观稳定性,并对不同年份的计算结果进行分析、评价与对比。研究表明,从1980年至2010年,京津冀地区水域湿地、耕地及林草的总面积在波动,但显然这30年间其分布呈破碎化趋势;景观极稳定及极不稳定的区域面积在不断扩大;河北南部、西北部和东北部景观极不稳定区域和北京、天津、河北西南及河北东部的极稳定区域面积在增加;北京、天津、唐山等城市景观稳定性逐步增强,而涿鹿县、文安县、宣化县等城市景观稳定性逐步降低。对景观稳定性的表征方式、分析与对比的方法做了探索,以期为今后大尺度景观稳定性的定量分析与时空对比提供参考。     

猕猴桃属十个种的染色体倍性鉴定

猕猴桃属(Actinidia)植物全世界有66种,约有118个种下分类单位(也有新的划分方法将其划分为54种21变种),其中大部分为中国特有。在猕猴桃杂交育种中,不同倍性之间选配不当会出现杂交失败、后代不育等现象,因此倍性鉴定是猕猴桃常规育种亲本选择的前提条件之一。但到目前为止,不少猕猴桃种或亚种的染色体倍性研究并不十分清楚,因而限制了这些资源的进一步开发利用。该研究针对广西植物研究所猕猴桃种质资源圃收集的目前倍性尚不明确的白萼、白花柱果、二色花、临桂、卵圆叶、桃花、宛田、长果、融水和五瓣猕猴桃等10个种类的猕猴桃,使用酸解法制备染色体标本,通过显微镜观察确定其倍性。这10个种类大多为广西特有,其中蕴藏着独特的优良园艺性状,具有很高的生产和开发价值。该研究结果表明这10个种类猕猴桃的染色体倍性均为二倍体(2n=2x=58)。该研究结果进一步丰富了猕猴桃种质资源多样性数据库,为这些猕猴桃资源的合理开发利用奠定了基础。