耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌PBP2a的质粒克隆与构建

目的克隆并构建耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）青霉素结合蛋白2a（PBP2a）全长及转肽酶区的原核表达质粒。方法登录基因文库查找获得mecA基因的编码序列,应用PCR技术扩增获得DNA片段,将此基因片段插入PET-32a载体,同时酶切鉴定阳性克隆,DNA序列测定验证序列正确性。结果 PCR扩增获得了mecA基因全长及转肽酶区DNA片段,成功插入到原核表达载体PET32a,双酶切鉴定及DNA序列测定证实插入片段正确。结论成功构建了PBP2a全长及转肽酶区片段表达质粒,为该蛋白的纯化表达和疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

生物被膜肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs的耐药性和基因型分析

目的检测临床分离的肺炎克雷伯菌在体外形成生物被膜后产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（Extended-Spectrum β-Laetamases,ESBLs）的情况,分析及研究其耐药性和耐药基因的分型情况。方法采用改良平板法在体外建立肺炎克雷伯菌生物被膜模型,用三维试验确认产ESBLs菌株,用K-B法进行药敏试验,用聚合酶链反应（Polymerase chain reaction,PCR）进行blaSHV、blaTEM和blaCTX—M基因扩增,产物分别克隆人pMD18-T载体后测定其核苷酸序列,分析其基因亚型。结果临床筛选出的60株ESBLs阴性肺炎克雷伯菌有46株在体外成功建立了生物被膜模型,并有9株产生了ESBLs表型。产酶后菌株的耐药性明显高于产酶前。PCR结果显示9株细菌均携带SHV基因,有4株同时携带TEM基因,没有检出携带CTX-M基因的菌株。9株细菌的SHV基因分别属于SHV-5、SHV-12和SHV-28亚型。4株携带TEM基因的细菌均为TEM-1亚型。结论生物被膜的形成能够诱导肺炎克雷伯菌产生ESBLs。本实验中检出的产ESBLs的基因型都是由SHV-1突变产生的。生物被膜的形成和产生ESBLs的协同作用是生物被膜肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性增强的主要原因之一。     

Exosomes from Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Transmit Chemoresistance by a Horizontal Transfer of MicroRNAs

Adriamycin and docetaxel are two agents commonly used in treatment of breast cancer, but their efficacy is often limited by the emergence of chemoresistance. Recent studies indicate that exosomes act as vehicles for exchange of genetic cargo between heterogeneous populations of tumor cells, engendering a transmitted drug resistance for cancer development and progression. However, the specific contribution of breast cancer-derived exosomes is poorly understood. Here we reinforced other''s report that human breast cancer cell line MCF-7/S could acquire increased survival potential from its resistant variants MCF-7/Adr and MCF-7/Doc. Additionally, exosomes of the latter, A/exo and D/exo, significantly modulated the cell cycle distribution and drug-induced apoptosis with respect to S/exo. Exosomes pre-treated with RNase were unable to regulate cell cycle and apoptosis resistance, suggesting an RNA-dependent manner. Microarray and polymerase chain reaction for the miRNA expression profiles of A/exo, D/exo, and S/exo demonstrated that they loaded selective miRNA patterns. Following A/exo and D/exo transfer to recipient MCF-7/S, the same miRNAs were significantly increased in acquired cells. Target gene prediction and pathway analysis showed the involvement of miR-100, miR-222, and miR-30a in pathways implicated in cancer pathogenesis, membrane vesiculation and therapy failure. Furthermore, D/exo co-culture assays and miRNA mimics transfection experiments indicated that miR-222-rich D/exo could alter target gene expression in MCF-7/S. Our results suggest that drug-resistant breast cancer cells may spread resistance capacity to sensitive ones by releasing exosomes and that such effects could be partly attributed to the intercellular transfer of specific miRNAs.     

23436例不同性别坐、卧位血液流变参考范围的建立

目的:建立健康人群不同性别坐、卧位血液流变参考范围。方法:组织31位志愿者进行坐、卧位配对血液流变检测;用SPSS13.O软件统计分析2002.7年至2006.7年医院数据库32854例血液流变资料,其中健康体检23436例、门诊6553例、住院2865例,以独立样本t检验比较不同体位、性别的差异,建立各自参考范围。结果:坐、卧位总体均数12项指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),以坐位为基线,卧位时各切变率、全血粘度、全血还原粘度、血浆粘度及红细胞压积等8项主要指标明显降低,平均降9.33%,而红细胞变形指数、电泳指数则上升,平均升6.49%。与自身坐、卧位配对实验结果一致。男、女性别差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:体位可引起血液流变各参数显著生理变异,建立不同性别坐、卧位各自参考范围,可提高约8%～10%诊断符合率,减少临床误诊。     

贵州荔波洞穴匙指虾三新种

记述中国贵州茂兰自然保护区洞穴匙指虾3新种,即洞穴米虾Caridina caverna sp.nov.,锐刺米虾Caridina acuta sp.nov.和短指新米虾Neocaridina brevidactyla sp.nov..模式标本保存于上海水产大学.     

Biodegradation of benzene, toluene and naphthalene in soil-water slurry microcosms

Aerobic biodegradation of benzene, toluene andnaphthalene was studied in pre-equilibrated soil-waterslurry microcosms. The experiments were designed tosimulate biodegradation at waste sites where sorptionreaches equilibrium before biodegradation becomesimportant. Rates of biodegradation were reduced by thepresence of soil. For example, nearly completenaphthalene biodegradation (1.28 mg/L) by indigenoussoil bacteria occurred within 60 hours in aqueoussolution (soil-free) while it took two weeks todegrade the same amount in the presence of 0.47 kgsoil/L of water. The rate of biodegradation wasobserved to decrease with increasing organic compoundhydrophobicity, soil/water ratio, soil particle size,and soil organic carbon content. These resultsclearly indicate that the rate of biodegradation isaffected by both the extent and rate of sorption. Further analysis suggests that mass transfer couldcontrol the performance of in situ bioremediation forhighly hydrophobic organic contaminants which exhibita large extent of sorption and slow rate ofdesorption.     

肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜对单核细胞株THP-1 TLR2受体表达的影响

目的研究肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜对单核细胞株THP-1TLR2受体表达的影响,探索细菌生物膜逃脱宿主免疫防御的机制。方法以体外建立肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜的合成分泌物处理单核细胞株THP－1作为实验组,以等量浮游细菌的合成分泌物处理单核细胞株THP-1作为对照组。RT—PER半定量分析THP－1 TLR2mRNA的表达,流式细胞仪检测分析THP－1 TLR2蛋白的表达。结果实验组THP－1 TLR2 mRNA表达（0．453±0．06）明显低于对照组（4．872±0．36）（P〈0．05）;实验组TLR2蛋白表达率（8．42％±3．74％）明显低于对照组（12．35％±7．36％）（P〈0．05）。结论细菌生物膜与浮游细菌不同的代谢产物能显著下调THP－1 TLR2的表达水平,影响固有免疫进而影响适应性免疫,可能是生物膜细菌逃脱机体免疫防御系统的又一机制。     

丙型肝炎病毒5'非翻译区不同结构域对其启动子活性的影响

在前期工作已证实HCV基因组5'UTR DNA序列具有启动子活性的基础上,分别构建5'UTR 不同结构域的DNA序列驱动虫荧光素酶基因表达的质粒pGL3-5'UTR,转染HepG2细胞以及用全长的5'UTR cDNA构建质粒分别转染HepG2、Hela、HEK293、L02细胞,用双荧光素酶检测系统检测虫荧光素酶的表达水平,逆转录聚合酶链反应检测虫荧光素酶基因mRNA水平,并与相应对照作比较.结果显示当四个结构域都具备时,荧光素酶相对活性为5.91±0.65,为SV40启动子的18.7%;失去结构域I以后,荧光素酶相对活性为9.52±0.32;失去结构域I和II以后,荧光素酶相对活性为2.64±0.25;失去结构域III和IV以后,荧光素酶相对活性为0.32±0.09;失去结构域IV以后,荧光素酶相对活性为2.72±0.45,逆转录聚合酶链反应结果与之相符;全长5'UTR cDNA在L02、hepG2、HEK293、Hela细胞中荧光素酶相对活性分别为0.75,0.49,0.23,0.14. 结果提示结构域III是HCV5'UTR DNA序列具备启动子活性的核心结构,结构域I对其5'UTR DNA序列的启动子活性具有抑制效应,而结构域II和IV可增强5'UTR DNA序列的启动子活性;HCV5'UTR cDNA的启动子功能无组织特异性,但在正常的肝细胞(L02)中表达最高.