不同干预时机下复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合四联疗法在根除幽门螺杆菌失败补救治疗中的应用

目的探讨不同干预时机下复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合四联疗法在首次根除幽门螺杆菌(H. pylori)失败患者补救治疗中的作用。方法选择西安市第一医院消化内科90例经标准四联疗法根除H. pylori失败的患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组A(A组)、研究组B(B组)与对照组(C组),各30例。A组患者使用复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合补救四联疗法治疗。B组患者在补救四联疗法结束后序贯使用复方嗜酸乳杆菌片2周。C组患者单独采用补救四联疗法治疗。比较3组患者临床症状、不良反应发生率及H. pylori根除率。结果A组、B组、C组患者总有效率分别为93.33%(28/30),90.00%(27/30),66.67%(20/30),差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.120,P=0.010)。A组、B组、C组患者总不良反应发生率分别为13.33%(4/30)、16.67%(5/30)、66.67%(20/30),差异有统计学意义(χ²=24.522,P<0.001)。A组、B组、C组患者H. pylori根除率分别为60.00%(18/30)、63.33%(19/30)、33.33%(10/30),差异有统计学意义(χ² =6.502,P=0.039)。A组与B组患者H. pylori根除率相比差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.071,P=0.791)。结论复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合四联疗法可提高首次四联疗法根除H. pylori失败患者H. pylori根除率,改善患者临床症状,降低总体不良反应发生率,但不同干预时机下复方嗜酸乳杆菌片对H. pylori根除率无明显影响。     

中西部幼儿肠道菌群与膳食关系的比较

目的探究中部和西部地区幼儿肠道菌群的结构差异与膳食的关系,为幼儿营养健康状况监测和营养改善工作提供有效的营养干预。方法选择“贫困地区儿童营养改善项目”河南汝阳和贵州福泉,随机抽取107名汉族健康幼儿为调查对象,食物摄入采用24 h消费调查方法。应用高通量测序技术对肠道菌群进行测序和生物信息分析,研究两县幼儿肠道菌群差异。结果两县幼儿肠道菌群组成结构较为一致,但Alpha多样性分析表明,贵州福泉县幼儿肠道物种丰富度和多样性高于河南汝阳县。细菌属水平分析中,两县幼儿肠道内均以拟杆菌属、普雷沃菌、柔嫩梭菌和双歧杆菌属为主导的菌群结构,但河南汝阳县幼儿肠道双歧杆菌属和乳杆菌属丰度显著高于贵州福泉县(12.36% vs. 7.44%;0.19% vs. 0.03%)。结论中西部地区幼儿肠道菌群结构差异不大,但有益菌含量存在显著差异,这为研究肠道菌群与膳食及营养健康状况之间的关系提供了依据。     

肝硬化合并结核病患者的临床特征

目的分析肝硬化合并结核病患者的临床特征,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2014年9月至2017年7月于浙江大学医学院附属第一医院住院的肝硬化合并结核病患者的相关资料,总结患者的临床特征。结果共收治68例肝硬化合并结核病患者,其中男性50例(73.5%),女性18例(26.5%),平均年龄(59.9±13.7)岁。在所有患者中,肝硬化最常见的原因是HBV感染(46例,67.7%)和酒精(9例,13.2%)。肺结核(43例)、结核性腹膜炎(13例)、结核性胸膜炎(12例)是最常见的结核类型,此外骨关节结核、结核性脑膜炎、结核性心包炎、泌尿系结核、肠结核、淋巴结结核均可见。该类患者常见临床表现为乏力、腹胀,出现发热的患者不足半数,有盗汗表现的更为罕见。结论肝硬化患者并发结核后可使病情复杂化,增加治疗难度。此外部分患者临床表现不典型,需提高警惕,避免漏诊。     

益生菌联合早期肠内营养对合并应激性高血糖的重症脑卒中患者血糖调控及预后的影响

目的探讨益生菌联合早期肠内营养(EEN)对合并应激性高血糖的重症脑卒中患者血糖调控及预后的影响,为此类患者的治疗提供参考。方法选择2017年5月1日至2019年5月1日我院神经内科收治的合并应激性高血糖的重症脑卒中患者64例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各32例。对照组患者在入院48 h内给予EEN,观察组患者在对照组基础上给予双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片鼻饲。比较两组患者治疗后血糖变异性、胰岛素使用强度、低血糖发生率、炎症反应指标水平、应激反应指标水平、胃肠道不良反应,5 d内肠内营养达标率、营养状态指标水平、医院获得性肺炎(HAP)发生率及病死率。结果治疗后,观察组患者血糖变异性较小,胰岛素使用强度降低,低血糖发生率降低,炎症反应指标、应激反应指标水平均低于对照组;胃肠道不良反应中腹泻发生率降低,肠内营养达标率升高,血清白蛋白、前白蛋白水平均高于对照组,医院获得性肺炎发生率降低。两组患者病死率差异无统计学意义(12.50%vs 18.75%;χ~2=0.474,P=0.491)。结论对于合并应激性高血糖的重症脑卒中患者,益生菌联合EEN有助于控制血糖稳定性,降低胰岛素使用强度及低血糖发生率,同时降低炎症及应激反应,提高患者肠内营养耐受性,改善患者营养状态,降低HAP发生率。     

益生菌在结直肠癌患者中的应用

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)的发病率及病死率在多国多年居高不下,肠道微生态的失衡在CRC的发生发展中所起的作用被许多学者所证实。专家一致认为,积极纠正肠道微生态失衡是可取的。CRC患者术前肠道菌群已经出现改变,术后肠道菌群失衡加重,化疗会进一步加重这种失衡状态。肠道微生态的稳态对机体肠道功能和免疫功能等起着重要作用。益生菌作为一种可调节肠道菌群的微生态制剂,已显现出在CRC患者治疗中的应用价值,现对益生菌在CRC患者中的应用进展作一综述。     

Ⅲ型纤连蛋白组件包含蛋白5通过抑制ERK1/2磷酸化抑制C3H10T1/2细胞成脂分化

旨在探究Ⅲ型纤连蛋白组件包含蛋白5（typeⅢ domain-containing protein5,FNDC5）对C3H10T1/2细胞成脂分化的调控作用。利用qRT-PCR和Western 印迹检测FNDC5在C3H10T1/2细胞成脂分化过程中的时序性表达规律;构建慢病毒包被的过表达/干扰FNDC5载体,转染C3H10T1/2细胞,采用qRT-PCR检测成脂分化关键基因的表达情况,油红O染色检测脂滴含量,利用Western 印迹检测细胞外信号调节激酶（extracellularregulatedkinase1/2,ERK1/2）及磷酸化ERK1/2（P-ERK1/2）的表达水平。C3H10T1/2细胞成脂诱导分化8d,Fndc5的表达量明显升高（P＜0.05）;C3H10T1/2细胞中过表达FNDC5,成脂分化关键基因过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ（peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-γ,PPARγ）、脂肪酸结合蛋白4（fatty acid binding protein 4,FABP4）和CCAAT增强子结合蛋白α（CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha,C/EBPα）的表达量显著降低（P＜0.01）,CCAAT增强子结合蛋白β（CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta,C/EBPβ）表达量明显降低（P＜0.05）,脂滴含量明显减少,P-ERK1/2的含量明显降低（P＜0.05）。C3H10T1/2细胞中干扰FNDC5,成脂分化关键基因PPARγ、C/EBPβ、FABP4和C/EBPα的表达量显著升高（P＜0.01）,脂滴含量明显增加,P-ERK1/2的含量明显升高（P＜0.05）。本研究发现,FNDC5可以通过抑制ERK1/2的磷酸化水平,抑制C3H10T1/2细胞的成脂分化,为FNDC5调控脂肪沉积的机制研究提供参考数据。     

生防菌株HG18基因组信息分析与抗菌功能基因挖掘

贝莱斯芽胞杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）HG18是1株低温生防菌株,能够分泌抗菌物质。为挖掘和利用其抗菌功能基因,服务农业生产,采用二、三代相结合测序技术,对其进行全基因组测序,获得菌株完整基因组序列。基因组全长4 461 844 bp,包含一个染色体和一个质粒,GC含量44.06%,编码4 643个基因,编码基因总长度3 893 994 bp,占基因组87.27%。发现6个几丁质降解相关基因,2个葡聚糖酶基因和1个壳聚糖酶基因,2个脂肽类抗菌物质芬芥素与表面活性素合成基因簇,2个细菌素subtilin和bacillolysin合成基因。研究为提高抗菌物质产量的菌株定向遗传改造以及植物抗病育种提供基因资源。     

Testes of DAZL null neonatal sheep lack prospermatogonia but maintain normal somatic cell morphology and marker expression

Multiplying the germline would increase the number of offspring that can be produced from selected animals, accelerating genetic improvement for livestock breeding. This could be achieved by producing multiple chimaeric animals, each carrying a mix of donor and host germ cells in their gonads. However, such chimaeric germlines would produce offspring from both donor and host genotypes, limiting the rate of genetic improvement. To resolve this problem, we disrupted the RNA‐binding protein DAZL and generated germ cell‐deficient host animals. Using Cas9‐mediated homology‐directed repair (HDR), we introduced a DAZL loss‐of‐function mutation in male ovine fetal fibroblasts. Following manual single cell isolation, 4/48 (8.3%) of donor cell strains were homozygously HDR‐edited. Sequence‐validated strains were used as nuclear donors for somatic cell cloning to generate three lambs, which died at birth. All DAZL null male neonatal sheep lacked germ cells on histological sections and showed greatly reduced germ cell markers. Somatic cells within their testes were morphologically intact and expressed normal levels of lineage‐specific markers, suggesting that the germ cell niche remained intact. This extends the DAZL mutant phenotype beyond mice into agriculturally relevant ruminants, providing a pathway for using absolute germline transmitters in rapid livestock improvement.     

Procyanidin B1 promotes in vitro maturation of pig oocytes by reducing oxidative stress

Oxidative stress negatively affects the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes. Procyanidin B1 (PB1) is a natural polyphenolic compound that has antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of PB1 supplementation during IVM of porcine oocytes. Treatment with 100 μM PB1 significantly increased the MII oocytes rate (p <0.05), the parthenogenetic (PA) blastocyst rate (p <0.01) and the total cell number in the PA blastocyst (p < 0.01) which were cultured in regular in vitro culture (IVC) medium. The PA blastocyst rate of regular MII oocytes activated and cultured in IVC medium supplemented with 100 and 150 μM PB1 significantly increased compared with control (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). We also evaluated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, and apoptotic levels in MII oocytes and cumulus cells following 100 μM PB1 treatment. The results showed that the PB1 supplementation decreased ROS production and apoptotic levels. In addition, PB1 was found to increase Δψm levels and GSH levels. In conclusion, PB1 inhibited apoptosis of oocytes and cumulus cells by reducing oxidative stress. Moreover, PB1 improved the quality of oocytes and promoted PA embryo development. Taken together, our results suggest that PB1 is a promising antioxidant additive for IVM of oocytes.