电刺激大鼠尾核头部镇痛的中枢效应—[^3H]—2脱氧...

Sokoloff's 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic technique was used to identify changes of glucose metabolic rate in the rat brain following unilateral stimulation of the head of the caudate nucleus. The results were as follows. The local glucose metabolic rate after noxious stimulation was increased in the somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex, ventroposterior and parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus, septal area, habenular nucleus, head of caudate nucleus, periaqueductal gray (PAG) and dorsal raphe nucleus (P < 0.05). After stimulating the head of the caudate nucleus, the local glucose metabolic rate of nucleus raphe magnus (rm) and nucleus paragigantocellularis (pgcl) was increased significantly and that of the PAG and dorsal raphe nucleus had a tendency to increase, while stimulation of the head of caudate nucleus could partially abolish the increased glucose metabolic rate in the somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex, ventroposterior and parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus, septal area and habenular nucleus as induced by noxious stimulation. These results suggest that caudate stimulation is able to depress the activation of some brain structures related to nociception and to activate those related to antinociception. The pgcl, rm, PAG and dorsal raphe nucleus might be the key structures participating in the caudate stimulation produced analgesia.     

A genetic linkage map of 96 loci on the short arm of human chromosome 3.

We constructed a genetic map of 96 loci on the short arm of human chromosome 3 (3p) in 59 families provided by the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humaine (CEPH). Twenty-nine continuously linked loci were placed on the map with likelihood support of at least 1000:1; one locus, D3S213, was placed on the map with likelihood support of 871:1; D3Z1, an alpha satellite centromeric repeat probe, was placed on the map with likelihood support of 159:1; 65 loci were assigned regional locations. The average heterozygosity of the uniquely ordered markers was 49%. The map extends from 3p26, the terminal band of 3p, to the centromere (from D3S211 to D3Z1). Multipoint linkage analysis indicated that the male, female, and sex-averaged maps extend for 102, 147, and 116 cM, respectively. The mean genetic distance between uniquely ordered loci on the sex-averaged map was 4.0 cM. Probe density was greatest for the region of 3p between D3F15S2e and the telomere. The sex-averaged map contained two intervals greater than 10 cM. Seventeen probes were localized by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The loci described in this report will be useful in building an integrated genetic and physical map of this chromosome.     

Localized membrane depolarizations and localized calcium influx during electric field-guided neurite growth.

Our study explores the mechanisms behind neurite galvanotropism. Using phase, differential interference contrast and ratiometric fluorescence microscopy, we reveal four responses of N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells to 0.1-1.0 mV/microns uniform DC electric fields: cathode-directed neurite initiation and elongation, cathode-biased growth cone filopodial protrusions, transient cathode-localized calcium increases, and persistent cathode-localized membrane depolarizations. These newly demonstrated events are temporally and spatially correlated, suggesting that they are causally related. The calcium increases are prevented by calcium channel blockers and by the removal of extracellular calcium. We therefore propose that the observed field-induced membrane depolarizations activate voltage-dependent calcium channels, resulting in cathode-localized calcium influx. This, in turn, may initiate the observed cathode-biased growth cone filopodial protrusions, followed by the cathode-directed neurite elongation.     

Simultaneous bilateral forearm revascularization

A successful simultaneous bilateral forearm revascularization was performed on a 17-year-old boy. Functional recovery of both forearms was evaluated 42 months after injury. The patient can use both hands for the activities of daily living. So far, he has been employed and has no significant psychological problems. Temporary intraluminal silicone shunts are extremely helpful for reducing ischemic damage to the injured limb. The sufficient skeletal shortening of the upper limb replantation is crucially important. The wounds must be managed by aggressive and repeated debridement. Accurate primary nerve repair is essential, and the early postoperative rehabilitation is also important to achieve a satisfactory functional return. The functional replanted or revascularized upper extremity is superior to an amputation or prosthesis, especially in the cases of bilateral upper extremity amputation or devascularization.     

Zinc deficiency and the formation of white structures in immature embryo cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The effect of microelements on the induction of embryogenic callus from epiblast and scutellum of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryos was studied by the sequential omission of each of the microelements from Murashige & Skoog medium. Omission of iron caused a marked decrease in yield and poor shoot formation from embryogenic callus. The yield of embryogenic callus on medium without added manganese was also reduced. Omission of boron, copper-cobalt, iodine, and molybdenum had little effect on the induction of embryogenic epiblast callus. By contrast there was a marked increase in the formation of white structures on the medium without any microelements or, specifically without addition of zinc. Since the formation of typical embryoids of wheat is associated with the formation of white structures, our result highlights the importance of certain microelements on somatic embryogenesis of wheat.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - MS medium Murashige & Skoog medium     

Production of cellulolytic enzymes from theXylaria andHypoxylon species of xylariaceae

Eighteen strains of xylariaceous fungi have been screened for higher activities of cellulolytic enzymes,Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 was also examined for comparison. Strains ofXylaria anisopleura andX. regalis had higher endocellulase (CMCase) and exocellulase (Avicelase) activities after 2 weeks' incubation.Hypoxylon stygium produced the highest activity of -glucosidase 3 days after inoculation. The optimum pH for these cellulolytic enzymes was approx. 5.0 and the optimum temperatures ranged from 37 to 50°C. A mixed culture process usingT. reesei QM 9414 andH. stygium was developed to obtain enhanced synthesis of cellulase. -Glucosidase activities in the mixed culture increased within 48h whenH. stygium was introduced after 24h.     

A general approach toward the design of inhibitors of serine proteinases: inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by substituted dihydrouracils

A general approach toward the rational design of potential inhibitors of serine proteinases is described. The approach is exemplified and validated through the use of appropriate heterocyclic systems in inhibiting human leukocytes elastase (HLE).     

松辽盆地阿尔必期微体浮游植物新属种

该文描述了松辽盆地中白垩世阿尔必期泉头组三段的微体浮游植物化石1新属7新种,隶属于微咸水沟鞭藻类2属5新种(含4新亚种),淡水绿藻1属1种和疑源类1新属1新种。并对沟鞭藻 Ngktericysta Bint,1986进行了修订。     

松辽盆地白垩纪微体浮游植物群及其环境讨论

该文报道了松辽盆地白垩纪丰富的非海相微体浮游植物群,主要是沟鞭藻类及一些绿藻和疑源类;论述了藻类的生物地层特征,自下而上初步划分出10个组合带;结合微量元素和古地磁等资料,较详细地讨论了含微体浮游植物组段的沉积环境,认为松辽盆地在白垩纪至少遭受过两次重要的海侵(分别在青山口组一段及嫩江组一、二段沉积时期),导致古松辽湖泊五种不同水体环境的演替,指出微体浮游植物组合的变化是受古盐度、古温度和古水深等因素控制的。此外,对有关组段的地质时代也进行了讨论,进一步补充了新的浮游植物化石证据。