菠萝叶膜脂脂肪酸组成的温度效应及其与抗寒性的关系

生长在不同季节的菠萝叶膜脂脂肪酸的配比存在着明显差异;随着大气温度的下降,18:1含量显著减少,18:2和18:3含量增加。不同品种均表现出一致的变化趋势。致害低温破坏了膜脂,使较不抗寒品种的16:0含量增加,18:2和18:3含量减少;较抗寒品种这种变化则较不显著。适当低温锻炼能改变膜脂脂肪酸的代谢过程,16:0和18:1含量减少,18:3含量增加。当处于更低温度时,除了16:0和18:1继续减少外,有一部分18:2也脱饱和而转变为18:3。因之明显地增加了膜脂中18:3的含量和脂肪酸的不饱和度,从而有利于抗寒性的提高。而品种间的抗寒性差异亦是在此低温期间表现出来。     

泥河湾层中新发现一处旧石器地点

半个多世纪以来,在泥河湾层中寻找早更新世时期的人类遗迹,已成为中、外许多科学家非常关心的一个问题。近几年来,在泥河湾村附近,大量古文化遗物从属于下更新统的泥河湾层中发现了。新的发现为旧石器时代考古学和第四纪地质学又增添了新的内容。     

甲型流感病毒自然温度敏感株的宿主依赖性

用鸡胚细胞(CEC)和Madin-Darby Canine Kidney(MDCK)两个宿主细胞系统,检查甲型流感病毒各亚型不同时期流行株的温度敏感性状(ts),发现自然界存在许多宿主依赖的温度敏感性突变株(hd-ts)。它们在CEC上是ts,在MDCK上却是ts~ 。检出的hd-ts株中有些曾经过人体接种观察证明为减毒株。这表明在CEC中鉴定的ts表型与对人减毒性状密切相关。     

土壤中含EB病毒诱导物的检测

从广西壮族自治区梧州市、苍梧县、罗城县和北京市收集的土壤标本中发现有EB病毒诱导物。梧州市和苍梧县沿公路和江河两旁桐油树下的土壤标本,对EB病毒早期抗原诱导的阳性率为40～58％。在其他大戟科植物下的土壤标本中,也发现有EB病毒诱导物。对桐油树下土壤中EB病毒诱导物与鼻咽癌发生的可能关系进行了讨论。     

琼脂糖平板制备聚焦电泳法进一步提纯胸腺素组分五

用琼脂糖平板等电聚焦电泳法,由胸腺素组分五中分离出三种在聚焦电泳谱上是单一谱线的多肽成份——CP1、CP2和CP3,等电点分别为4.3、4.9和5.6。测定了这些多肽对脐带血中淋巴细胞形成羊红细胞玫瑰花的影响。与对照相比,CP1(2微克/0.6毫升),和CP3(0.2-2微克/毫升)分别在统计学上呈显著和非常显著差异。在相同测定条件下,这三种多肽成份的活性均高于化学合成的胸腺多肽——胸腺素α_1。     

抗胃癌细胞系单克隆抗体PD4的初步研究

以胃癌细胞系MGC803免疫Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞NS-1融合。经选择培养、筛选及克隆化,获得恒定地分泌抗胃癌细胞系单克隆抗体(MoAb)的杂交瘤细胞系PD4。MoAb PD4与3/4胃癌细胞系有强结合反应,与4/4肺癌细胞系有弱结合反应,但与淋巴细胞、ABO红细胞、骨髓细胞、二倍体成纤维细胞及经检测的其他肿瘤细胞均无反应。PD4抗原主要表达于靶细胞的膜上,不耐热,为分子量40kD的蛋白性抗原。该抗原与HLA抗原系统,血型抗原系统无关,亦不同于其他作者所报告的其他胃癌相关抗原。     

缺乏抗坏血酸对豚鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

边缘性缺乏抗坏血酸之豚鼠,于三周内其肝脏及小肠粘膜3-羟-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)活力均下降到原有水平的50％,但肝脏胆固醇7α-羟化酶活力尚无显著性改变。坏血病豚鼠(三周内)上述几种酶活力都下降至原有水平的50％左右。豚鼠摄取抗坏血酸不足,其血清总胆固醇浓度显著增加,而血清高密度脂蛋自胆固醇浓度显著减少,其改变程度与抗坏血酸缺乏状况一致。     

Electron microscopy and hydrodynamic properties of blood clotting factor V and activation fragments of factor V with phospholipid vesicles

The electron microscopic and hydrodynamic properties of factor V and factor Va-vesicle complexes were determined. Images of negatively stained factor V bound to vesicles showed the protein as a relatively large globular domain (9.5 nm diameter) connected to the membrane through a narrow protein region 0.5-3 nm in length. This connecting region was not always visible and was measured as the distance between the globular region and the apparent vesicle edge. Factor V protein alone usually appeared as two connected globular regions of 10.2 and 6.5 nm diameter. The two-domain protein structure appeared consistent with both the image of factor V alone and bound to the membrane. Factor V had no biological activity in a phospholipid-free prothrombinase assay system used. The proteolytically activated form of factor V generated by digestion with thrombin (factor Va) was at least 30,000 times more active. The electron microscopic images of factor Va-vesicle complexes showed a smaller protein that was more closely associated with the vesicle surface than was factor V. The light chain (Mr about 80,000) component of factor Va also bound to the surface of the vesicles and appeared to be largely external to the membrane. Protein-induced hydrodynamic radius changes for the factor V-vesicle and factor Va-vesicle complexes were 12.8 and 6.3 nm, respectively. The images observed in the electron microscope were used to calculate protein-induced radius changes. Comparison of these values with the experimentally determined hydrodynamic radius changes showed approximate agreement for factor Va-membrane complexes. However, the images of factor V-vesicle complexes suggested smaller hydrodynamic radius changes than were actually observed.     

水分胁迫下露花光合型的转变

CAM植物按其对环境的反应可分为两种类型:即专一CAM植物和兼性CAM植物。前者不易受外界环境的变化而改变其CAM性质;后者的光合型可随季节和水分胁迫等而发生变化,也可因人工诱导作用而使其由C_3型转变为CAM型。     

Elementary pattern discrimination (behavioural experiments with the fly Musca domestica)

This paper investigates the problem of spontaneous pattern discrimination by the visual system of the fly. The indicator for discrimination and attractivity of a pattern is the yaw torque of a test fly. It is shown that the pattern discrimination process may be treated as a special (degenerate) case of figureground discrimination which has been described in detail in earlier publications. Decisive for the discrimination process is the fact that pattern discrimination by the fly is mediated by motion detectors which respond not only a pattern velocity but also to structural properties of pattern contrast. This is demonstrated by the transition from the existing twodimensional array of motion detectors to a continuous detector field which enabled us to calculate instantaneous detector responses to instationary pattern motion. The new approach, together with the special theory for figure-ground discrimination, is then applied to predict spontaneous discriminations of onedimensional periodic patterns. It is shown that predictions and experimental results are in good agreement. The second set of discrimination experiments deals with two dimensional dot patterns for which a quantitative theory is not yet available. However, it is shown that the attractivity of a dot pattern crucially depends on both the orientation and the direction of motion relative to the fly's eyes. If the contrast of a moving dot elicits an event in a motion detector which through the detector's time constant leads to an interference with an event received by a preceeding dot, the attractivity of the dot pattern is diminished. In the discussion relations are drawn between the concepts of pattern discrimination in honey bees and the theoretical aspects of discrimination put forward in this paper. It is briefly discussed why a two-dimensional motion detector theory might become the key for an understanding of pattern categories like figural intensity and figural quality.