全文获取类型
收费全文 | 393篇 |
免费 | 47篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 13篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 18篇 |
2010年 | 18篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 16篇 |
2007年 | 24篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 14篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1946年 | 2篇 |
1945年 | 2篇 |
1929年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有440条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
91.
Andrea Sirianni Sina Krokowski Damián Lobato‐Márquez Stephen Buranyi Julia Pfanzelter Dieter Galea Alexandra Willis Siân Culley Ricardo Henriques Gerald Larrouy‐Maumus Michael Hollinshead Vanessa Sancho‐Shimizu Michael Way Serge Mostowy 《EMBO reports》2016,17(7):1029-1043
Septins, cytoskeletal proteins with well‐characterised roles in cytokinesis, form cage‐like structures around cytosolic Shigella flexneri and promote their targeting to autophagosomes. However, the processes underlying septin cage assembly, and whether they influence S. flexneri proliferation, remain to be established. Using single‐cell analysis, we show that the septin cages inhibit S. flexneri proliferation. To study mechanisms of septin cage assembly, we used proteomics and found mitochondrial proteins associate with septins in S. flexneri‐infected cells. Strikingly, mitochondria associated with S. flexneri promote septin assembly into cages that entrap bacteria for autophagy. We demonstrate that the cytosolic GTPase dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) interacts with septins to enhance mitochondrial fission. To avoid autophagy, actin‐polymerising Shigella fragment mitochondria to escape from septin caging. Our results demonstrate a role for mitochondria in anti‐Shigella autophagy and uncover a fundamental link between septin assembly and mitochondria. 相似文献
92.
Plant hydraulics as a central hub integrating plant and ecosystem function: meeting report for ‘Emerging Frontiers in Plant Hydraulics’ (Washington,DC, May 2015) 下载免费PDF全文
Lawren Sack Marilyn C. Ball Craig Brodersen Stephen D. Davis David L. Des Marais Lisa A. Donovan Thomas J. Givnish Uwe G. Hacke Travis Huxman Steven Jansen Anna L. Jacobsen Daniel M. Johnson George W. Koch Christophe Maurel Katherine A. McCulloh Nate G. McDowell Andrew McElrone Frederick C. Meinzer Peter J. Melcher Gretchen North Matteo Pellegrini William T. Pockman R. Brandon Pratt Anna Sala Louis S. Santiago Jessica A. Savage Christine Scoffoni Sanna Sevanto John Sperry Stephen D. Tyerman Danielle Way N. Michele Holbrook 《Plant, cell & environment》2016,39(9):2085-2094
Water plays a central role in plant biology and the efficiency of water transport throughout the plant affects both photosynthetic rate and growth, an influence that scales up deterministically to the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, hydraulic traits mediate the ways in which plants interact with their abiotic and biotic environment. At landscape to global scale, plant hydraulic traits are important in describing the function of ecological communities and ecosystems. Plant hydraulics is increasingly recognized as a central hub within a network by which plant biology is connected to palaeobiology, agronomy, climatology, forestry, community and ecosystem ecology and earth‐system science. Such grand challenges as anticipating and mitigating the impacts of climate change, and improving the security and sustainability of our food supply rely on our fundamental knowledge of how water behaves in the cells, tissues, organs, bodies and diverse communities of plants. A workshop, ‘Emerging Frontiers in Plant Hydraulics’ supported by the National Science Foundation, was held in Washington DC, 2015 to promote open discussion of new ideas, controversies regarding measurements and analyses, and especially, the potential for expansion of up‐scaled and down‐scaled inter‐disciplinary research, and the strengthening of connections between plant hydraulic research, allied fields and global modelling efforts. 相似文献
93.
The effect of an opiate alkaloid and an opioid-like peptide was studied on the electrically evoked twitching of the vas deferens of 3 common laboratory rodents. Normorphine and the synthetic opioid peptide D-Alanine2 methionine enkephalinamide (D-Ala2) produced dose dependent inhibitions of the twitching response in the mouse vas deferens. In the rat vas, while β-endorphin (β-EP) caused an inhibitory effect in three strains of rats to a similar degree, morphine produced a dose related enhancement of the twitching. In the guinea pig, both morphine and β-EP caused an increased in the muscular twitch. The results are interpreted in terms of an heterogenous mixture of opiate receptors present in the vas deferens from these rodents. The mouse appears to contain mainly δ receptors while the rat has mostly ε receptors characterized by their specificity and sensitivity to the action of β-EP. The guinea pig vas deferens has apparently lost the sensitivity to the inhibitory influence of the opioids, suggesting the absence of μ or δ opiate receptors in this tissue. 相似文献
94.
95.
96.
The secondary nitroalkanes 2-nitropropane, 2-nitrobutane, 3-nitropentane and nitrocyclopentane, as well as their anionic forms (nitronates); the primary nitroalkanes 1-nitropropane, 1-nitrobutane, and 1-nitropentane and their respective nitronates; the nitrocarbinols 2-nitro-1-propanol, 2-nitro-1-butanol, 3-nitro-2-butanol, and 3-nitro-2-pentanol and their respective nitronates; 2-methyl-2-nitropropane, and 2-nitroso-2-nitropropane were tested in the Ames Salmonella assay using strains TA98, TA100 and TA102. Nitronates of the secondary nitroalkanes 2-nitropropane, 2-nitrobutane, 3-nitropentane, and nitrocyclopentane were significantly mutagenic in Salmonella strains TA100 and TA102 at 10-80 mumoles/plate, but the parent compounds were mutagenic at only a single dose level or were not mutagenic at all in the same dose range. The primary nitroalkanes and the nitrocarbinols were not mutagenic, or only marginally so, at the concentrations tested. The nitronates of the primary nitroalkanes and the nitrocarbinols reprotonated too rapidly under the conditions of the assay for adequate evaluation of mutagenicity. 2-Methyl-2-nitropropane was not mutagenic in strains TA100 and TA102; 2-nitroso-2-nitropropane was also not mutagenic in strains TA100 and TA102, but induced an equivocal mutagenic response in TA98. The positive Salmonella mutation data for the nitronates of the secondary nitroalkanes studied correlate very well with the very slow rate of reprotonation of secondary nitroalkane nitronates at pH 7.7 (Conaway et al. (1991) Cancer Res., 51, 3143), and provide further evidence that nitronates of secondary nitroalkanes, rather than the neutral parent forms with which they may be in equilibrium, are the more proximate mutagenic species. 相似文献
97.
98.
Expression of human plasma gelsolin in Escherichia coli and dissection of actin binding sites by segmental deletion mutagenesis 总被引:18,自引:10,他引:8 下载免费PDF全文
Human plasma gelsolin has been expressed in high yield and soluble form in Escherichia coli. The protein has nucleating and severing activities identical to those of plasma gelsolin and is fully calcium sensitive in its interactions with monomeric actin. A number of deletion mutants have been expressed to explore the function of the three actin binding sites. Their design is based on the sixfold segmental repeat in the protein sequence. (These sites are located in segment 1, segments 2-3, and segments 4-6). Two mutants, S1-3 and S4-6, are equivalent to the NH2- and COOH-terminal halves of the molecule obtained by limited proteolysis. S1-3 binds two actin monomers in the presence or absence of calcium, it severs and caps filaments but does not nucleate polymerization. S4-6 binds a single actin monomer but only in calcium. These observations confirm and extend current knowledge on the properties of the two halves of gelsolin. Two novel constructs have also been studied that provide a different pairwise juxtaposition of the three sites. S2-6, which lacks the high affinity site of segment 1 (equivalent to the 14,000-Mr proteolytic fragment) and S1,4-6, which lacks segments 2-3 (the actin filament binding domain previously identified using the 28,000-Mr proteolytic fragment). S2-6 binds two actin monomers in calcium and nucleates polymerization; it associates laterally with filaments in the presence or absence of calcium and has a weak calcium-dependent fragmenting activity. S1,4-6 also binds two actin monomers in calcium and one in EGTA, has weak severing activity but does not nucleate polymerization. A model is presented for the involvement of the three binding sites in the various activities of gelsolin. 相似文献
99.
Jonathan G. Way 《Journal of Field Ornithology》2009,80(4):433-437
ABSTRACT American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) are difficult to capture. I used a simple technique (box traps) to capture 151 crows incidental to my eastern coyote (Canis latrans) research at two study sites in eastern Massachusetts. Crows were captured at a higher rate during the spring (winter = 33 captures, spring = 70, summer = 22, and fall = 26). Among months, capture efficiency ranged from 0.7% in August to 8.5% in May, with an overall average of 4.1 crows captured per 100 trap days. Although other capture methods (e.g., net launchers and Australian crow traps) have been used to capture crows in greater numbers, box traps can be an important complement to the other capture techniques because they are transportable, easy to use, relatively cheap, and easy to obtain. 相似文献
100.