全文获取类型
收费全文 | 31160篇 |
免费 | 1991篇 |
国内免费 | 976篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 306篇 |
2022年 | 624篇 |
2021年 | 1132篇 |
2020年 | 797篇 |
2019年 | 1068篇 |
2018年 | 1207篇 |
2017年 | 964篇 |
2016年 | 1321篇 |
2015年 | 1659篇 |
2014年 | 1922篇 |
2013年 | 2337篇 |
2012年 | 2457篇 |
2011年 | 2421篇 |
2010年 | 1423篇 |
2009年 | 1208篇 |
2008年 | 1408篇 |
2007年 | 1382篇 |
2006年 | 1311篇 |
2005年 | 1110篇 |
2004年 | 970篇 |
2003年 | 875篇 |
2002年 | 756篇 |
2001年 | 536篇 |
2000年 | 511篇 |
1999年 | 437篇 |
1998年 | 262篇 |
1997年 | 227篇 |
1996年 | 237篇 |
1995年 | 215篇 |
1994年 | 206篇 |
1993年 | 148篇 |
1992年 | 194篇 |
1991年 | 214篇 |
1990年 | 166篇 |
1989年 | 138篇 |
1988年 | 136篇 |
1987年 | 139篇 |
1986年 | 107篇 |
1985年 | 151篇 |
1984年 | 101篇 |
1983年 | 100篇 |
1982年 | 77篇 |
1981年 | 82篇 |
1980年 | 60篇 |
1979年 | 84篇 |
1978年 | 72篇 |
1977年 | 58篇 |
1975年 | 61篇 |
1974年 | 61篇 |
1971年 | 46篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Ruth Duncan Pavla Rejmanova Jindrich Kopeček John B. Lloyd 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1981,678(1):143-150
Synthetic 125I-labelled N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers containing four different, potentially degradable peptidyl side chains were incubated with rat visceral yolk sacs cultured in vitro. All copolymers were captured by fluid-phase pinocytosis and three of the side chains were susceptible to lysosomal hydrolysis, resulting in release of [125I]iodotyrosine back into the culture medium. Uptake and degradation was completely inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol. The thiol-proteinase inhibitor leupeptin did not affect the rate of pinocytosis, but caused different degrees of inhibition of hydrolysis depending on side chain composition. 相似文献
22.
23.
Zhenzhen Zhang Changjiu He Yu Gao Lu Zhang Yukun Song Tianqi Zhu Kuanfeng Zhu Dongying Lv Jing Wang Xiuzhi Tian Teng Ma Pengyun Ji Wei Cui Guoshi Liu 《Aging cell》2021,20(2)
The fecundity reduction with aging is referred as the reproductive aging which comes earlier than that of chronological aging. Since humans have postponed their childbearing age, to prolong the reproductive age becomes urgent agenda for reproductive biologists. In the current study, we examined the potential associations of α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) and reproductive aging in mammals including mice, swine, and humans. There is a clear tendency of reduced α‐KG level with aging in the follicle fluids of human. To explore the mechanisms, mice were selected as the convenient animal model. It is observed that a long term of α‐KG administration preserves the ovarian function, the quality and quantity of oocytes as well as the telomere maintaining system in mice. α‐KG suppresses ATP synthase and alterations of the energy metabolism trigger the nutritional sensors to down‐regulate mTOR pathway. These events not only benefit the general aging process but also maintain ovarian function and delay the reproductive decline. Considering the safety of the α‐KG as a naturally occurring molecule in energy metabolism, its utility in reproduction of large mammals including humans deserves further investigation. 相似文献
24.
Three cases of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and one patient with post-transfusion purpura could be diagnosed only by introducing the platelet immunofluorescence test. Thrombocytopenia was caused by anti-PlA1 platelet alloantibodies detected neither in the agglutination nor by the complement fixation test. 相似文献
25.
26.
27.
B S Kasavina Iu F Ma?chuk T V Ukhina 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1983,95(3):44-45
Activity of phosphodiesterases disintegrating cAMP and cGMP in the cornea, sclera and ciliary body was investigated in health and in different stages of experimental herpetic keratitis. The problems concerning the role of the cyclase system in the pathogenesis of herpetic keratitis and the possibility of applying some of the drugs to the disease treatment are discussed. 相似文献
28.
Andrzej Pḱlonka Diana Metodiewa Alojzy Zgirski Maria Hilewicz Wanda Leyko 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1980,95(3):978-984
The formation of the paramagnetic complex between human ceruloplasmin and radiation produced superoxide radicals was observed by the ESR method at low temperatures. The disappearance of the complex without changes in the oxidation state of copper give the direct evidence that ceruloplasmin, the major antioxidant in serum, is able to dismutate superoxide radicals. 相似文献
29.
Xiao-Jun Li Ren-Chao Zheng Hong-Ye Ma Yu-Guo Zheng 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2014,98(6):2473-2483
Efficient and highly enantioselective hydrolysis of 2-carboxyethyl-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid ethyl ester (CNDE) is the most crucial step in chemoenzymatic synthesis of Pregabalin. By using site-saturation mutagenesis and high-throughput screening techniques, lipase Lip from Thermomyces lanuginosus DSM 10635 was engineered to improve its activity towards CNDE. The triple mutant, S88T/A99N/V116D exhibited a 60-fold improvement in specific activity for CNDE (2.35 U/mg) over the wild-type Lip (0.039 U/mg). Modeling and docking studies demonstrated that the mutant could more effectively stabilize oxygen anions in transition states and the lid of Lip in the open conformation. Additionally, the kinetic resolution of CNDE catalyzed by Escherichia coli cell overexpressing S88T/A99N/V116D mutant afforded (3S)-2-carboxyethyl-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid in 42.4 % conversion and 98 % ee within 20 h with a substrate loading of 1 M (255 g/l). These results demonstrated that a novel and promising biocatalyst was created for efficient chemoenzymatic manufacturing of Pregabalin. 相似文献
30.
Rafał Krętowski Anna Stypułkowska Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2015,398(1-2):165-173
The inhibition of the 26S proteasome evokes endoplasmic reticulum stress, which has been shown to be implicated in the antitumoral effects of proteasome inhibitors. The cellular and molecular effects of the proteasome inhibitor—bortezomib—on human colon cancer cells are as yet poorly characterized. Bortezomib selectively induces apoptosis in some cancer cells. However, the nature of its selectivity remains unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that, in contrast to normal fibroblasts, bortezomib treatment evoked strong effect on apoptosis of breast cancer cells incubated in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. The study presented here provides novel information on the cellular effects of bortezomib in DLD-1 colon cancer cells line. We observe twofold higher percentage of apoptotic cells incubated for 48 h with 25 and 50 nmol/l of bortezomib in hypoxic conditions and four-, fivefold increase in normoxic conditions in comparison to control cells, incubated without bortezomib. It is of interest that bortezomib evokes strong effect on necrosis of DLD-1 colon cancer cell line. We observe the sixfold increase in necrosis of DLD-1 cells incubated with 25 or 50 nmol/l of bortezomib for 48 h in hypoxia and fourfold increase in normoxic conditions in comparison to adequate controls. We suggest that bortezomib may be candidates for further evaluation as chemotherapeutic agents for human colon cancer. 相似文献