Preparation and characterization of surface crosslinked TPS/PVA blend films

Surface crosslinked thermoplastic starch (TPS)/PVA blend films were prepared by applying ultra violet (UV) irradiation. Sodium benzoate was used as photosensitizer and induced onto film surface layer by soaking the TPS/PVA films in the photosensitizer aqueous solution. The effects of concentration of photosensitizer aqueous solution, soaking time and UV irradiation dose on the surface photocrosslinking reaction were investigated. Physical properties, such as water contact angle, moisture absorption, swelling degree and solubility in water as well as mechanical properties of the films were measured to characterize the influence of the surface photocrosslinking modification. The obtained results showed that the surface modification considerably reduced the surface hydrophilic character of the TPS/PVA films, enhanced the film’s water resistance and also increased tensile strength and Young’s modulus but decreased elongation at break of the films.     

枯草杆菌核糖体蛋白质突变对碱性蛋白酶基因表达的影响

用枯草杆菌体外转录-翻译偶联系统检测13种19株枯草杆菌核糖体蛋白质突变对碱性蛋白酶基因表达的影响,发现10种13株核糖体蛋白质突变能影响碱性蛋白酶基因的表达。其中依赖链霉素突变核糖体几乎不能翻译碱性蛋白酶mRNA。依赖链霉素突变在翻译层次抑制碱性蛋白酶基因的表达,但对中性蛋白酶基因的表达没有影响。在碱性蛋白酶mRNA翻译起始区有一个复合二级结构,用体外突变方法破坏其中一个,翻译效率提高8.2倍。依赖链霉素突变和抗链霉素突变核糖体的高级结构不同,与碱性蛋白酶mRNA 5'端片段的亲合力也有差异。由于碱性蛋白酶mRNA翻译起始区的复合二级结构和低起始强度以及依赖链霉素突变核糖体高级结构的改变,使依赖链霉素突变核糖体不能翻译碱性蛋白酶mRNA。     

Application of quantitative real-time PCR for rapid identification of Bacteroides fragilis group and related organisms in human wound samples

Our goal was to establish a quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) method to detect Bacteroides fragilis group and related organisms from clinical specimens. Compared to conventional anaerobic culture, QRT-PCR can provide accurate and more rapid detection and identification of B.?fragilis group and similar species. B.?fragilis group and related organisms are the most frequently isolated anaerobic pathogens from clinical samples. However, culture and phenotypic identification is quite time-consuming. We designed specific primers and probes based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Bacteroides caccae, Bacteroides eggerthii, B.?fragilis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides stercoris, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Odoribacter splanchnicus (Bacteroides splanchnicus), Parabacteroides distasonis (Bacteroides distasonis) and Parabacteroides merdae (Bacteroides merdae), and detected these species by means of QRT-PCR in 400 human surgical wound infection samples or closed abscesses. The target bacteria were detected from 31 samples (8%) by culture, but from 132 samples (33%) by QRT-PCR (p-value?相似文献   

Trichoderma harzianum及其近缘种的分子系统学研究

Thichoderma harzianum是木霉属内最常见的一个“集合种”。本研究对来源不同的T.harzianum及其相似种的46个菌株进行了ITS序列测定,将其ITSl—5．8S—ITS2序列与来自EMBL的参考菌株的序列进行比较,并进行系统发育分析,此外对其中的18个菌株进行了RAPD多态性分析,试图明确T.harzianum的多样性以及与其相似种之间的关系。ITS结果表明,T.harzianum及其相似种可分成2个群(A、B)：A群由T.hamatum、T.asperellum、T.at-roviride、T.koningii和T.viride组成,并形成2个分支,表明T.viride和T.koningii、T.atroviride的亲缘关系较近,而与T.hamatum、T.asperellum较远;B群由T.spirale、T.hamatum、T.inhamatum、T.harzianum和T.anam。Hypocrea vinosa组成,并形成6个分支。T.inhamatum可分成2个群(Ti1、Ti2)、T.harzianum至少可分成5个群(Thl、Th2、Th4、Th5、Th6)。结果还表明T.hamatum的遗传差异较大,T.hamatum的模式菌株归属于A群,而其他的T.hamatum的菌株归属于B群。RAPD结果与ITS的结果基本一致。     

1α羟化酶活性和血钙水平对24羟化酶基因表达的影响

目的:研究肾脏24羟化酶基因表达的影响因素。方法:采用两种基因敲除小鼠。每种小鼠又分两种饲养方式。用生化分析仪测定小鼠血钙浓度。用半定量RT-PCR法研究小鼠肾脏组织中1α羟化酶和24羟化酶基因的表达。结果:1α羟化酶基因敲除小鼠体内血钙低于野生型小鼠(78±10.4 mg/Lvs111±16.5 mg/L,P<0.05.),测不出24羟化酶基因表达。维生素D受体基因敲除小鼠有很高的1α羟化酶表达,小鼠血钙也显著低于野生型小鼠(68±9.8 mg/Lvs111±16.5 mg/L,P<0.05),测不出24羟化酶表达。但给予高乳糖饲料后,两种基因敲除小鼠血钙都上升到与野生型小鼠一致水平。此时,24羟化酶基因的表达与野生型也基本一致。结论:血钙是调节24羟化酶基因表达的直接因素,1α羟化酶对24羟化酶的正向调节作用是通过升高血钙来实现的。     

Impairment of hepatitis B virus virion secretion by single-amino-acid substitutions in the small envelope protein and rescue by a novel glycosylation site

Mutations in the S region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope gene are associated with immune escape, occult infection, and resistance to therapy. We previously identified naturally occurring mutations in the S gene that alter HBV virion secretion. Here we used transcomplementation assay to confirm that the I110M, G119E, and R169P mutations in the S domain of viral envelope proteins impair virion secretion and that an M133T mutation rescues virion secretion of the I110M and G119E mutants. The G119E mutation impaired detection of secreted hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), suggesting immune escape. The R169P mutant protein is defective in HBsAg secretion as well and has a dominant negative effect when it is coexpressed with wild-type envelope proteins. Although the S domain is present in all three envelope proteins, the I110M, G119E, and R169P mutations impair virion secretion through the small envelope protein. Conversely, coexpression of just the small envelope protein of the M133T mutant could rescue virion secretion. The M133T mutation could also overcome the secretion defect caused by the G145R immune-escape mutation or mutation at N146, the site of N-linked glycosylation. In fact, the M133T mutation creates a novel N-linked glycosylation site ((131)NST(133)). Destroying this site by N131Q/T mutation or preventing glycosylation by tunicamycin treatment of transfected cells abrogated the effect of the M133T mutation. Our findings demonstrate that N-linked glycosylation of HBV envelope proteins is critical for virion secretion and that the secretion defect caused by mutations in the S protein can be rescued by an extra glycosylation site.     

CoCl2预处理对大鼠海马神经元急性低氧后Na+、K+电流的影响

目的：观察氯化钴(COCl2)预处理对急性低氧后海马神经元电压门控性Na^ 、K^ 电流的影响。方法：原代培养大鼠海马神经元,分为COCl2预处理和非处理组,采用膜片钳全细胞记录技术,检测急性低氧后海马神经元钠电流(INa)、钾电流(Ik)的变化。结果：急性低氧后,海马神经元INa、Ik电流幅度明显降低,INa阈值右移,而经CoCl2预处理的海马神经元INa、Ik电流的降低幅度明显减轻。结论：COCl2预处理减轻急性低氧所致的INa、Ik电流变化,对神经元有明显的保护作用。     

西藏农牧民生态足迹

基于相关的统计年鉴,采用综合法对2000-2012年西藏农牧民的生态足迹与生态承载力进行分析.结果表明： 研究期间,研究区农牧民生态状况均表现为生态盈余,但其盈余量呈逐年下降趋势;生态承载力由2000年的7.49 hm²下降到2012年的6.35 hm²,降幅达15.3%;生态足迹呈波动式逐渐增加趋势,由2000年的1.03 hm²增加到2012年的1.26 hm².
     

基因工程抗体研究进展

随着对分子生物学研究和抗体分子结构功能的深入研究,利用细胞工程和遗传工程对抗体分子进行改建并赋予其新的功能,进而开发了新的抗体应用领域,使单克隆抗体技术又向前发展了一步.基因工程抗体是按人类设计所重新组装的新型抗体分子,可保留或增加天然抗体的特异性和主要生物学活性,去除或减少无关结构,从而可克服单克隆抗体在临床应用方面的缺陷.     

细叶黄芪叶肉原生质体发育早期细胞壁再生的研究

采用透射电镜术、电镜多糖细胞化学染色、细胞壁荧光染色以及香豆素抑制细胞壁再生等方法,对细叶黄芪（Ａｓｔｒａｇａｌｕｓｍ ｅｌｉｌｏｔｏｉｄｅｓ ｖａｒ．ｔｅｎｕｉｓ）叶肉原生质体细胞壁的再生及其化学特点进行了研究。结果表明,离体培养２４ 小时的原生质体表面产生一些突起小泡,有时可见少量纤维组分的形成。培养３ 天时这种纤维组分明显增多。至５ 天时可清楚看到再生壁是由纤维和颗粒构成。六亚甲四胺银染色证明它们都是由多糖组分组成的。另外,培养３６ 小时的原生质体有相互粘连的现象。电镜观察、荧光染色及香豆素处理的研究表明粘连与再生壁的形成有关。根据上述观察结果,对原生质体再生壁的结构及其化学性质等问题进行了讨论