基于历史参照系的三江源区径流调节功能及变化评估

以20世纪70年代植被类型图作为参照生态系统,采用径流量和径流系数作为径流调节功能的表征指标,建立了基于历史参照系的三江源区径流调节功能评估模型,以参照系径流系数与实际径流系数的比值作为径流系数质量指数,分析了2000-2017年三江源区生态系统径流调节功能参照值、现状值及变化量的时空变化规律。结果表明：2000-2017年,三江源区多年平均径流量为495.15亿m³,地表径流量为96.64亿m³,参照系条件下多年平均径流量为468.37亿m³,地表径流量为68.60亿m³。相比参照系,三江源区生态系统的径流蓄纳能力降低,总径流量和地表径流量均明显增加。空间上,基于参照系和实际生态系统的多年平均径流量表现为东南高西北低的空间分布特征,地表径流量则呈西部高东部低的空间分布特征。从时间变化看,实际径流和参照系径流的差别率在4%-9%之间,实际地表径流和参照系地表径流的差别率在22%-58%之间。径流系数质量指数得分显示,2000-2017年,三江源区径流系数质量指数平均得分为98.63,地表径流系数质量指数平均得分为96.98,两者均呈现先降低后增加的趋势,地表径流系数质量指数变化更为明显。2000-2017年,各县（镇）径流系数和地表径流系数质量指数得分具有较大差别,但各县（镇）得分变化均不明显,变化率分别在-1.95%-0.71%和-0.35%-1.90%之间。通过建立基于历史生态系统的评估参照系,定量评估了三江源区参照系和实际条件下的径流变化过程,实现了不同时间、不同区域生态系统径流调节功能的可比较,可对量化生态系统恢复进程提供支撑。     

牡丹根部内生细菌的分离鉴定及脂肽类物质的拮抗活性研究

【目的】从牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)根部组织中分离鉴定内生细菌,测定拮抗菌株脂肽类活性物质的体外抑菌活性。【方法】采用平板对峙法筛选出对牡丹灰霉病菌(Botrytis paeoniae Oadem)、牡丹炭疽病菌(Gloeosporium sp.)、牡丹黑斑病菌(Altenaria sp.)、牡丹黄斑病菌(Phyllosticta commonsii)有拮抗作用的内生细菌。基于形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列同源性鉴定拮抗菌株。根据脂肽类抗菌物质合成相关基因序列对拮抗菌株进行基因扩增检测,采用酸沉淀法提取拮抗菌株的脂肽类物质,平板对峙法测定脂肽类物质的体外抑菌活性。【结果】从牡丹根部组织中共分离获得62株内生细菌,其中菌株Md31和Md33对4种病原菌均有较明显的抑制作用。Md31和Md33被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。通过对菌株Md31和Md33进行5个脂肽类合成功能基因bmyB、fenD、ituC、srfAA和srfAB的检测,序列同源性分析,表明两个菌株具有合成脂肽类物质的能力。菌株Md31和Md33的脂肽类粗提物对所测试的牡丹病原真菌均具有不同程度的抑制作用。【结论】获得了2株对牡丹病原菌有良好抑制效果的解淀粉芽孢杆菌Md31和Md33,两个菌株的脂肽类粗提物也具有较强的体外抑菌活性,该研究为牡丹内生细菌的进一步开发应用奠定了基础。     

萎缩芽胞杆菌CKL1促盐胁迫下燕麦生长活性及其功能基因分析

【背景】青海省特殊生境孕育了特殊微生物资源。【目的】探究适合生活于高原生境的芽胞杆菌菌源。【方法】采用平板对峙法、显色法对萎缩芽胞杆菌（Bacillus atrophaeus） CKL1的拮抗、产吲哚乙酸活性进行测定,并检测耐低温、耐盐性及菌株对盐胁迫下燕麦品种（Avena sativa）“青燕1号”种子萌发、幼苗生长效应及叶绿素、脯氨酸、丙二醛的含量变化,利用二代测序技术对菌株进行基因组测序并分析相关功能基因。【结果】菌株CKL1对禾谷镰孢菌（Fusarium graminearum）、锐顶镰孢菌（Fusarium acuminatum）表现出显著的拮抗活性（抑菌圈直径>15 mm）;与Salkowski比色液反应变红,能在NaCl浓度为13%的LB培养基及4℃低温下生长,表现出一定的产吲哚乙酸、耐盐及耐低温活性;盐胁迫下,菌株CKL1对“青燕1号”种子萌发及幼苗生长具有显著促进作用,叶绿素及脯氨酸含量显著增加,丙二醛含量下降,增强了燕麦的抗盐性。菌株CKL1基因组全长为14 281 280 bp,与GO功能数据库比对注释到3 303个功能基因;基因组编码与脂肽类化合物itur...     

桑黄菌丝体粗多糖的提取方法研究

采用正交试验设计,以桑黄菌丝体粗多糖含量为考察指标,用苯酚—硫酸法,分别确定了热水浸提法、微波辅助提取法和超声提取法的最佳工艺。通过极差分析得出:热水浸提法的最优工艺为浸提时间3 h、浸提3次、液料质量比50∶1、浸提温度90℃,粗多糖提取率为2.10%;微波提取法的最优工艺为微波处理15 min、液料质量比50∶1、提取3次,提取率为4.18%;超声提取法的最优工艺为超声30 min、提取2次、液料质量比60∶1、温度60℃、频率60 Hz,提取率为3.02%。微波辅助法与热水浸提法相比,时间缩短,且提取率提高近1倍;与超声提取法相比,时间缩短1/2,但提取率提高40%。因此,微波辅助提取法速度更快、提取效率更高、操作更简便,优于其他2种方法。     

Pygopus2 ameliorates mesenteric adipocyte poor differentiation to alleviate Crohn's disease ‐like colitis via the Axin2/GSK3β pathway

ObjectivesCrohn''s disease (CD) mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) inflammation affects enteritis through the interaction between the mesentery and intestine, and we previously found that poorly differentiated mesenteric adipocytes were related to its inflammatory features. Pygopus2 (Pygo2) is a key negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation. We aimed to determine whether Pygo2 participates in CD mesenteric lesions and whether Pygo2 knockdown would be beneficial in a CD model (Il‐10 ^−/− mice).MethodsPygo2 expression in MAT from control and CD patients and Il‐10 ^−/− mice was measured by immunohistochemistry. Lentiviral transfection was used to regulate Pygo2 expression in Il‐10 ^−/− mice, and the effects on mesenteric adipocyte differentiation, inflammation, and dysfunction during spontaneous colitis, as well as the possible mechanism, were investigated.ResultsPygo2 expression was increased in MAT from CD patients and Il‐10 ^−/− mice, and its expression correlated with poor adipocyte differentiation and inflammation. Pygo2 knockdown significantly ameliorated colitis in Il‐10 ^−/− mice. Moreover, the downregulation of Pygo2 gene expression could promote adipocyte differentiation and inhibit adipocyte inflammation in vivo and in vitro, and the effects were at least partly mediated by the Axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin2)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) pathway.ConclusionsThe increase in Pygo2 may be related to mesenteric adipocyte poor differentiation and inflammatory features of CD, and Pygo2 inhibition could alleviate CD‐like colitis by improving mesenteric lesions by regulating the Axin2/GSK3β pathway.

The increase in Pygopus2 (Pygo2) may be related to mesenteric adipocyte poor differentiation and inflammatory features of CD, and Pygo2 inhibition could alleviate adipocyte differentiation and mesenteric lesions by regulating the Axin2/GSK3β pathway.     

Mutant C/EBPα p30 alleviates immunosuppression of CD8+ T cells by inhibiting autophagy‐associated secretion of IL‐1β in AML

ObjectivesMutant C/EBPα p30 (mp30), the product of C/EBPα double mutations (DM), lacks transactivation domain 1 and has C‐terminal loss‐of‐function mutation. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients harbouring C/EBPα DM could be classified as a distinct subgroup with favourable prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive.Materials and MethodsAutophagy regulated by mp30 was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. Immune infiltration analysis and GSEA were performed to investigate autophagic and inflammatory status of AML patients from the {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE14468","term_id":"14468"}}GSE14468 cohort. Flow cytometry was applied to analyse T cell activation.ResultsMp30 inhibited autophagy by suppressing nucleus translocation of NF‐κB. Autophagy‐associated secretion of IL‐1β was decreased in mp30‐overexpressed AML cells. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that inflammatory status was attenuated, while CD8⁺ T cell infiltration was upregulated in C/EBPα DM AML patients. Consistently, the proportion of CD8⁺CD69⁺ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was upregulated after co‐culture with mp30 AML cell conditional culture medium. Knock‐out of IL‐1β in AML cells also enhanced CD8⁺ T cell activation. Accordingly, IL‐1β expression was significantly reduced in the bone marrow (BM) cells of C/EBPα DM AML patients compared to the wildtype, while the CD8⁺CD69⁺ T cell proportion was specifically elevated.ConclusionsC/EBPα DM alleviates immunosuppression of CD8⁺ T cells by inhibiting the autophagy‐associated secretion of IL‐1β, which elucidated that repression of autophagy‐related inflammatory response in AML patients might achieve a favourable clinical benefit.

Mp30 suppresses autophagy‐associated IL‐β secretion, which ultimately alleviates the immunosuppression of CD8⁺ T cells in the microenvironment, contributing to favourable prognosis of AML patients.     

中国主要农产品虚拟要素贸易网络结构特征分析

据虚拟水概念定义虚拟要素,并将其划分为虚拟资源要素和虚拟生态要素两类,选取虚拟资源要素中的耕地要素和虚拟生态要素中的化肥/农药要素为研究对象,定量分析2002—2016年以粮食贸易为载体的虚拟耕地、虚拟化肥/农药要素的贸易量,构建虚拟要素贸易网络,通过复杂网络的研究方法,结果表明:2002—2016年我国主要农产品虚拟耕地、化肥/农药要素的贸易总量呈下降趋势,降幅分别约25.51%、8.01%;虚拟耕地要素网络节点入度较大的为长江中下游、华南、西南地区,出度较大的为黄淮海和东北地区,虚拟化肥/农药要素网络与之相反;地区间节点强度的差异性大,虚拟耕地要素差值最大可达1459.56万hm²,虚拟化肥/农药要素达61.38万t;二者网络节点度和强度的累积分布均符合幂律分布规律,其尾部的"重尾"现象揭示了节点度和强度的高可变性以及网络结构的脆弱性;虚拟耕地要素的输入区网络同配,输出区网络异配,揭示了地区间耕地要素的流动既呈集聚又有分散的态势,虚拟化肥/农药要素网络节点相关性皆为减函数,网络异配,揭示了虚拟化肥/农药要素在八大区域间联通的状况。网络结构特征分析为研究网络抗毁...     

生境梯度影响下的天然红松种群空间格局与种内关联

为理清生境梯度下天然红松种群空间分布规律,以黑龙江省凉水国家级自然保护区内自坡底至坡顶的四种生境(生境Ⅰ,谷地平坡潮湿生境;生境Ⅱ,坡下缓坡潮湿生境;生境Ⅲ,坡上斜坡半湿润生境;生境Ⅳ,坡顶陡坡半干旱生境)类型中建群种红松种群为研究对象。分析不同林层(主林层、亚林层、演替层、更新层)红松种群的数量特征,并基于O-ring函数,在重复采样条件下评价了红松种群空间分布格局。结果表明:(1)下坡位生境(生境Ⅰ、Ⅱ)红松更新层种群数量显著大于上坡位(生境Ⅲ、Ⅳ)(P<0.05),演替层中差异不显著;自坡底至坡顶的生境梯度上,主林层和亚林层中红松株数比例增加,红松种群年龄结构结构由倒J型向J型转变。(2)下坡位原始红松林更新层和演替层中红松种群聚集规模与聚集强度均高于上坡位,坡顶(生境Ⅳ)原始红松林更新层中红松种群聚集规模与聚集强度高于坡上(生境Ⅲ)。(3)四类生境的原始红松林中主林层与更新层中红松种群总体表现为空间独立,在个别尺度上表现出微弱的空间正关联或负关联;在0—5 m尺度上,下坡位红松林原始林内演替层与主林层红松种群表现为空间负关联,而上坡位生境林分对应林层间空间关系则为空间正关...